Unit1 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．His ambition　(理想)is to take inspiration from nature by living in the forest. 2．Whatever conclusion you draw ultimately　(最终), you have done your best. 3．Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself, as a foreign correspondent　(记者). 4．Which kind of stories do you like, love stories or detective　(侦探) stories? 5．As she stepped backwards　(往回), she fell onto her knees, then onto her face. 6．Kevin kicked the ball so hard that it flew up, higher and higher, until it was a small dot　(点) in the sky. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay　(pay) between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. 2．The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 3．My first job was working as a graduate trainee (train) in a big bank and I received professional training every day. 4．The Chinese usually eat and share their dishes with others.　By contrast, Westerners usually enjoy eating separately. 5．Others just offer you some advice, and ultimately　(ultimate)，you'll have to make the decision yourself. 6．Your brother has been admitted into Peking University.You should take a leaf out of his book and further your studies. 7．Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing　(realize) the dream that people with different colors should be equal. 8．　In the face of any difficulty, we should keep calm and think positively of ways to overcome them. 9．In the face of such a serious problem, the government should take action to solve　(solve) it. 10．It's easier for the ambitious students to succeed in their studies than those with little ambition　.(ambition) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．一看到这个视频，我们就感觉童年回忆如潮水般涌出。(on/upon＋doing) 　On/Upon seeing the video　， we felt that the memories of the childhood came flooding back. 2．我发现自己充满了信心来面对任何困难和挑战。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) I found myself filled with confidence/find myself full of confidence to face any difficulty and challenge. 3．具备了足够的知识和技能后，他认为到了实现自己抱负的时候了。(分词短语完成式作状语) 　Having equipped himself with enough knowledge and skills, he thinks it is time to achieve his ambition. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become 1.　reality　(real). The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single­minded in his ambition to write.Having set 2.　himself　(he) this goal, he wrote novels and short 3.　stories　(story) based on his personal experiences.His novel The Old Man and the Sea 4.　won　(win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 5．　By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as 6.　a doctor.But Doyle's main ambition was 7.　to become　(become) a writer of historical novels.Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing 8.　compared　(compare) to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, 9.　which he is still best known for to this day. Though both of these men were 10.　ultimately　(ultimate) successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·绵阳中学高二月考)“Cleverness is a gift.Kindness is a choice.Gifts are easy—they're given after all.Choices can be hard.”——Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon. I got the idea of starting Amazon 16 years ago.I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2，300 percent per year.I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start­ups didn't, and that I wasn't sure what to expect.MacKenzie told me I should go for it.As a young boy, I'd been a garage inventor.I'd always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion. I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much.I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet.He took me for a long walk in Central Park listened carefully to me, and finally said “That sounds like a really good idea, but it will be an even better idea for someone who doesn't already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision.Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but eventually, I decided I had to give it a shot.I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.And suspected I would always be haunted by a decision not to try at all　. After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice.For all of us, in the end, we are our choices. [语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了亚马逊公司创始人杰夫·贝索斯当初辞去好工作，选择去创业，努力去实践自己创立网上书店的想法。他用自己的行动告诉我们选择塑造人生。 1．What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore? A．The desire to follow his passion. B．The attraction of millions of titles. C．The strong support of his wife. D．The increasing usage of the Internet. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I came across the fact...and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me”可知，互联网的快速发展使作者萌生了创建一个网上书店的想法，故选D。 答案　D 2．What was the author's situation before starting Amazon? A．He was a garage inventor. B．He was in search of a good job. C．He was working at a bookstore. D．He was satisfied with his work. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much”可知，创业之前作者和一群聪明的人一起工作，并有一位让他非常钦佩的聪颖的老板。由此可推知，作者对他的工作很满意，故D项正确。 答案　D 3．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part? A．He would be very excited if he tried the decision. B．He would be always having a doubt if he didn't try. C．The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind. D．The decision not to try the bookstore would terrify him. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的段意和“I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision not to try at all”可知，老板想说服作者留下来，作者有些动摇，但经过思考之后，作者决定辞职。作者不会后悔尝试和失败，但认为如果不将想法付诸实践，这件事情会经常困扰着他。故选 C。 答案　C 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Following My Passion B．We Are What We Choose C．The Starting of Amazon D．Cleverness and Kindness 解析　标题判断题。本文主要讲述了亚马逊公司创始人杰夫·贝索斯当初辞去好工作，选择去创业，努力去实践自己创立网上书店的想法。他用自己的行动告诉我们选择塑造人生。最后一段中的“we are our choices”也是提示。故选B。 答案　B B People who laugh frequently in their everyday life may be better equipped to deal with stressful events — although this does not seem to apply to the intensity (strong, medium or weak) of laughter.These are the findings reported by a research team from the University of Basel in the journal PLOS ONE. It is suggested that people typically laugh 18 times a day.Researchers have also reported differences related to time of day, age, and sex — for example, women smile more than men on average.Now, researchers from the Department of Psychology at the University of Basel have recently conducted a study on the relationship between stressful events and laughter in terms of sensed stress in everyday life. In the study, a sound signal from a mobile phone app required participants to answer questions eight times a day at irregular intervals (间隔) for a period of 14 days.The questions related to the frequency and intensity of laughter and the reason for laughing—as well as any stressful events or stress symptoms experienced—in the time since the last signal. Using this method, the researchers were able to study the relationships between laughter, stressful events, and physical and psychological symptoms of stress (“I had a headache” or “I felt restless”) as part of everyday life.The newly published analysis was based on data from 41 psychology students, 33 of whom were women, with an average age of just under 22. The first result of the observational study was expected based on the specialist literature: in stages in which the subjects laughed frequently, stressful events were connected with lighter symptoms of stress.However, the second finding was unexpected.When it came to the interaction between stressful events and the intensity of laughter, there was no statistical correlation (关联) with stress symptoms.“This could be because people are better at judging the frequency of their laughter, rather than its intensity, over the last few hours，” says the research team. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于人们在日常生活中笑的频率和强度与压力感知的关系的研究。 5．What does Paragraph 2 intend to show? A．The identity of the subjects. B．The purpose of the research. C．The conclusion of the new study. D．The basic theory of the experiment. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是“Now, researchers from ...conducted a study on the relationship between ...everyday life.”可知，本段旨在说明这项研究的目的。 答案　B 6．What question was most probably asked in the study according to paragraph 3? A．Why did you choose to major in psychology? B．Which event impressed you recently? C．How do you find the given app? D．What makes you laugh? 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The questions related to the frequency and intensity of laughter and the reason for laughing”可推断，研究中最有可能问的是：“什么令你发笑？” 答案　D 7．Which statement may the research team agree with? A．Women are much friendlier than men. B．Both of the results are beyond expectation. C.The intensity of laughter is difficult to measure. D.Stressful events are related to the subjects occupations. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“there was no statistical correlation (关联) ...‘This could be because people are better ...rather than its intensity ...’”可知，研究小组认为笑声的强度不好估量。 答案　C 8．What is the best title for this text? A．Laughter Acts As a Stress Reducer B．People in Their Twenties Laugh More C.Psychology Students Feel Restless More Often D.Symptoms of Stress Vary from Person to Person 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于人们在日常生活中笑的频率和强度与压力感知的关系的研究。研究发现笑声能起到减缓压力的作用，因此A项适合作本文标题。 答案　A Ⅱ.完形填空 On a freezing January evening, Ashley Austrew sat in her car in an Omaha parking lot.She was working up the 1 to go into a comedy improv (即兴表演) class.For 20 minutes, the 33­year­old journalist and mom of two sat with thoughts of 2 ：“I can't do this.I'll be the worst one.” Then she turned off the engine, took a few deep breaths, and went 3 ． For Austrew， 4 improv was the first small step to improve her self­esteem.She lacked confidence and didn't have the courage to try anything 5 ．So she made a list of all the things she was afraid to 6 and then asked herself, “What if I didn't let my excuses win？” Improv was her biggest 7 ． Her fear 8 as soon as she walked into the class.Her classmates were also 9 ， and she discovered that she was 10 capable of earning a few laughs and making new friends.Over the next two years, Austrew went on to deal with other what­ifs, including writing a book.“Self­esteem is like a muscle—you have to 11 it constantly，” she says. Some people are 12 with a seemingly unshakable positivity, but most of us need to learn how to 13 ourselves up by our own hands.Thankfully, like Austrew, we can learn to feel 14 about ourselves and 15 our feelings of hope. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过主人公Austrew不断尝试新事物并找到自我价值这个故事，鼓励我们学着自信，增强我们的希望感。 1．A.courage B．project C．preparation D．solution 解析　句意：她正鼓足勇气去上喜剧即兴表演课。根据下文“Then she turned off the engine, took a few deep breaths，”可知Ashley Austrew开始有点紧张。 答案　A 2．A.self­esteem B．self­confidence C．self­doubt D．self­reflection 解析　句意：这位33岁的记者、两个孩子的母亲坐在那里，自我怀疑道：“我做不到，我将会是最糟糕的一个。”根据下文“I can't do this.I'll be the worst one”可知Ashley Austrew很不自信，在自我怀疑。self­esteem自尊；self­confidence自信；self­doubt自我怀疑； self­reflection自我反思。 答案　C 3．A.inside B．ahead C．home D．out 解析　句意：然后她关掉引擎，深吸了几口气，走了进去。根据前文“She was working up the to go into a comedy improv class.”可知，此处指Ashley Austrew在适当调整紧张的情绪后走进了即兴表演班。 答案　A 4．A.acting B．trying C．building D．getting 解析　句意：对Austrew来说，尝试即兴表演是提高她自尊的第一小步。从第一段描写Austrew鼓足勇气准备上即兴表演课的细节可推知，此处指尝试即兴表演。且下文的“She lacked confidence and didn't have the courage to try anything ．”也是提示。 答案　B 5．A.important B．different C．special D．new 解析　句意：她缺乏自信，没有勇气尝试新事物。根据下文“So she made a list of all the things she was afraid to”可知Austrew总是没有勇气尝试新的事物。 答案　D 6．A.abandon B．attempt C．absorb D．account 解析　句意：所以她将所有她不敢尝试的事情列了一个清单，然后问自己，“如果我不让我的借口得逞呢？ ”根据上文可知Austrew列出了所有她不敢尝试的事情。abandon抛弃；attempt尝试；absorb吸收；account导致，认为，报账。 答案　B 7．A.confidence B．guarantee C．surprise D．target 解析　根据上文“So she made a list of all the things she was afraid to ”可推知即兴表演在Austrew所列的清单中，并且是一个最大的目标。confidence自信； guarantee保证； surprise惊讶； target目标，指标。 答案　D 8．A.dissolved B．arose C．appeared D．changed 解析　句意：她一走进教室，恐惧就消失了。根据下文“she discovered that she was capable of earning a few laughs”可知Austrew表演得还不错，由此推知Austrew一走进教室，恐惧就消失了。dissolve溶解，消失；arise出现，引发；appear出现；change改变。 答案　A 9．A.helpers B．strangers C．supporters D．beginners 解析　句意：她的同学也是初学者，她发现自己完全有能力赢得一些笑声和结交新朋友。根据空格前的“also”一词可推知其他同学和她一样也是第一次走进即兴表演教室，即都是初学者。helper 帮助者； stranger陌生人；supporter支持者；beginner初学者。 答案　D 10．A.barely B．perfectly C．slightly D．widely 解析　结合前文“Her classmates were also ，”及语境可知当Austrew发现同学们都是初学者时，Austrew找到了自信，她觉得自己完全有能力赢得一些笑声和结交新朋友。barely仅仅，勉强；perfectly完美地，完全地；slightly轻微地；widely 广泛地。 答案　B 11．A.work B．break C．catch D．take 解析　句意：“自尊就像肌肉——你必须不断锻炼它，”她说。前文中有“a muscle”，根据动宾语义上的合理搭配可知此处指让肌肉锻炼(工作)。 答案　A 12．A.connected B．burdened C．blessed D．tired 解析　下文是“a seemingly unshakable positivity”，根据语义上的合理搭配可知此处用短语“be blessed with”，指有些人被赋予了一种看似不可动摇的积极性。 答案　C 13．A.bring B．put C．pick D．pull 解析　句意：有些人被赋予了一种看似不可动摇的积极性，但我们大多数人需要学习如何通过自己把自己拉起来。根据下文“our feelings of hope”可知此处指让自己振作起来， pull up拔起，向上。 答案　D 14．A.better B．simpler C．smaller D．smarter 解析　句意：值得庆幸的是，像Austrew一样，我们可以学着自我感觉更好，增强我们的希望感。根据前文“Thankfully, like Austrew”以及前文对Austrew不断尝试新事物并找到自我价值的细节描述可知，此处指我们可以像Austrew一样，学着做更好的自己。 答案　A 15．A.forget B．strengthen C．spread D．hide 解析　下文是“our feelings of hope”，根据动宾语义上的合理搭配及语境可知此处指增强我们的希望感。forget忘记； strengthen加强；spread传播；hide隐藏。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$