专题03 选择性必修第四册Unit 1～Unit 3 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期外研版

专题03 选择性必修第四册Unit1~Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Looking forwards 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________ v. 岔开，分开 2.____________ adj. 认真思考的，深思的 3.____________ v. 象征，代表 4.____________ n. 进退两难的境地，困境 5.____________ v. 由…… 引起 6.____________ v. 采取行动 7.____________ n. （男性的）童年时期，少年时代 8.____________ n. 追求，理想 9.____________ n. 接受工作培训的人；实习生 10.____________ n. 通讯员，记者 11.____________ n. 斗牛 12.____________ adj. （有关）历史的 13.____________ n. 私家侦探 14.____________ adv. 最后，最终 15.____________ n. 点，小圆点 16.____________ adv. 往回，往前面 17.____________ n. 允许进入（加入） 18.____________ n. 参加，参与 19.____________ adj. 复杂的 20.____________ adj. 许多的，很多的 二、单词拓展 1.1.ambition → ____________ adj. 有抱负的 → ____________ adv. 雄心勃勃地 2.history → ____________ adj. 历史的 → ____________ adj. 有历史意义的 3.detect → ____________ n. 侦探 → ____________ n. 侦查 4.admit → ____________ n. 承认 / 入场费 → ____________ adj. 公认的 5.participate → ____________ n. 参与 → ____________ adj. 参与的 6.complex → ____________ n. 复杂性 → ____________ adv. 复杂地 7.diverge → ____________ n. 分歧 → ____________ adj. 有分歧的 8.number → ____________ adj. 许多的 → ____________ adj. 数字的 9.commerce → ____________ adj. 商业的 → ____________ n. 商业广告 10.think → ____________ adj. 深思的 → ____________ n. 思考 → ____________ adj. 有思想的 11.symbol → ____________ v. 象征 → ____________ adj. 象征性的 → ____________ adv. 象征性地 12.alternate → ____________ adj. 可供选择的 → ____________ n. 可供选择的事物 → ____________ adv. 二者择一地 13.dilemma → ____________ adj. 进退两难的 → ____________ adv. 进退两难地 14.arise → ____________ 过去式 → ____________ 过去分词 → ____________ n. 出现 / 兴起 15.fluent → ____________ n. 流利 → ____________ adv. 流利地 16.sincere → ____________ adv. 真诚地 → ____________ n. 真诚 17.qualify → ____________ adj. 合格的 → ____________ n. 资格 → ____________ adj. 不合格的 18.affect → ____________ n. 喜爱 → ____________ adj. 深情的 → ____________ adv. 充满感情地 19.mix → ____________ n. 混合物 → ____________ adj. 混合的 → ____________ n. 搅拌器 20.refresh → ____________ n. 茶点 → ____________ adj. 清爽的 → ____________ adv. 清爽地 三、常考单词 1. assume v. 假设；假定；承担 考点 用法/示例 assume + (that)从句 We assume that he will come. 我们假设他会来。 assume sb./sth.to be… I assumed him to be an honest man. 我假定他是诚实的人。 assuming (that) conj. Assuming it rains, what should we do? 假设下雨，我们该怎么办？ assumption n. 假定，假设 make an assumption about… 对……做出假设 2. guarantee v./n. 保证；担保 考点 用法/示例 guarantee to do sth. We guarantee to deliver within 24 hours. guarantee that… Who can guarantee that he’ll keep his word? be guaranteed to do This product is guaranteed to last for 10 years. under guarantee The watch is still under guarantee. 3. in the face of 面对；面临 考点 用法/示例 in the face of difficulty/danger in the face of stiff competition 面对激烈的竞争 拓展： lose face 丢脸；save face 保全面子；face to face 面对面 4. come one’s way 发生在某人身上；被某人得到 考点 用法/示例 拓展短语 take a leaf out of sb.’s book 模仿某人，向某人学习 拓展短语 make up one’s mind 做出决定，拿定主意 拓展短语 pass up 放过，放弃（机会） 拓展短语 have second thoughts 犹豫，产生怀疑 拓展短语 weigh up 仔细考虑，权衡 拓展短语 reject…out of hand 彻底否决…… 5. no more…than… 与……一样不……；既不……也不…… 用法点拨：no more…than… 表示对两者都否定，意为“与……一样不……”。 - He is no more a genius than I am. 他和我都不是天才。 - 对比：not more…than… 表示“前者不如后者”。 - He is not more diligent than his brother. 他没有他哥哥勤奋。 四．单元短语 1._____________________ 推迟…；使… 延期 2._____________________ 给自己设定目标 3._____________________ 面对…… 4._____________________ 产生于；起因于 5._____________________ 坚决拒绝… 6._____________________ 放过，放弃，错过 (机会) 7._____________________ 模仿；效仿 8._____________________ 仔细考虑，权衡 9._____________________ 被迫做某事 五．单元佳句 1.It’s true that inner beauty is very important.（教材原句） 翻译： 解析：it 作形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句（单元核心语法，必考）。 仿写： 显然，自信比外表更可贵。 2.· What I say is that my photos won’t hurt anyone.（教材原句） 翻译： 解析：嵌套结构：主语从句 (What I say) + 表语从句 (that...)。 3.· Ever since I discovered selfie apps, I have become addicted.（教材原句） 翻译： 解析：ever since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 4.· Although she was large, she had strong confidence in herself.（教材原句） 翻译： 解析：although 引导让步状语从句，不可与 but 连用（易错点）。 六．单元语法 语法重点——动词时态复习 1. 将来进行时 (Future Continuous Tense) 构成：will be + 现在分词 用法：表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 【教材原句】 “What will we be doing in ten years‘ time?” 十年后我们会在做什么？ 【例句】： This time next week, I will be travelling in Italy. Don‘t call me between 7 and 8; I will be having dinner then. 2. 过去将来时 (Past Future Tense) 构成：would + 动词原形 用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 【教材原句】 “He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.” 他后来荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 【例句】： He told me he would come back in a week. She hoped that she would meet him again someday. 3. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense) 构成：had + 过去分词 用法：表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作。 【教材原句】 “... the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor.” 1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。 【例句】： By the time I arrived, the train had already left. She realized she had made a serious mistake. 4. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 构成：have/has been + 现在分词 用法：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性。 【教材原句】 “... but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.” 但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。 【例句】： I have been waiting for you for two hours. She has been studying English since she was ten. 【易错点提示】 ：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别在于——完成进行时强调动作的持续性（不一定完成），完成时强调动作的结果（已完成）。例如：I have been reading this book.（我一直在读这本书——可能还没读完）/ I have read this book.（我已读完这本书） 七．单元写作 关于未来规划的演讲稿写作 写作框架： 段落 内容要点 第一段 开篇点题，引出“未来规划”的重要性 第二段 阐述对成功的理解，结合个人经历或名人例子 第三段 具体阐述目标和计划（短期+长期） 第四段 结论，呼吁积极面对未来 常用词块： 1. make a life plan 制定人生计划 2. set clear goals 设立清晰的目标 3. in the face of challenges 面对挑战 4. take action to shape the future 采取行动塑造未来 5. be prepared for the unexpected 为意外做好准备 6. follow one’s passion 追随热情 7. seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会 8. learn from failures 从失败中学习 9. be persistent and determined 坚持不懈、意志坚定 10. make the right choice 做出正确选择 常用句型： 1. When it comes to future planning, what matters most is… 2. As the saying goes, “Opportunities favor those who are prepared.” 3. It is important that we should… 4. Only by… can we achieve our goals. 5. Looking back, I realize that every setback is actually a setup for a comeback. 例文： How Should We Face the Future? When it comes to future planning, I firmly believe that taking action is more important than making endless plans. As Steve Jobs once said, “You can’t connect the dots looking forward；you can only connect them looking backwards.” These words reveal a crucial truth：instead of worrying about the uncertainty ahead, we should bravely take each step and trust that our experiences will eventually make sense. For me, the most important thing is to follow my passion while staying grounded. I have set a clear goal：to major in computer science and become a software engineer. To achieve this, I will focus on my studies, participate in coding competitions, and seek internships. Of course, setbacks are inevitable, but I will face them with determination. Let’s embrace the future with confidence and energy. Remember, the choices we make today will shape who we become tomorrow. 仿写练习： 请根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的演讲稿，谈谈你对“未来规划”的看法。 提示： 1. 未来充满不确定性，但我们可以采取行动去影响它； 2. 引用乔布斯的名言“You can’t connect the dots looking forward”； 3. 结合自身实际谈谈目标与计划。 Unit 2 Lessons in life 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. _________ v.(使)虚弱 2. _________ v. 预期，预料 3. _________ n.承认，认可 4. _________ v.合作，协作 5. _________ v.挤满 6. _________ adj.纯净的，洁净的 7. _________ v.轻抚，抚摸 8. _________ n.绝望 二、单词拓展 1. weak adj.虚弱的；无力的；不牢固的→_________ v．(使)虚弱→_________ n．弱点；软弱 2．anticipate v．预期，预料→_________ n．预期，预料，期望 3．possess vt.拥有，具有；支配→_________ n．财产，财物 4．normal adj.正常的→_________ adj.不正常的，反常的 5．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)认可，承认→_________ n．承认，认可 6．cooperate v．合作，协作→_________ n．合作，协作→_________ adj.合作的；协作的 三、常考单词 1. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激；领会 考点 用法/示例 appreciate + n. I deeply appreciate your kindness. appreciate doing sth. I appreciate having the opportunity to study here. appreciate + that从句 I appreciate that you have taken the trouble to help me. 易错点： appreciate后不能直接接不定式，须接动名词。 appreciation n. in appreciation of 感谢…… 2. reflect v. 反思；反射；反映 考点 用法/示例 reflect on/upon Take time to reflect on your achievements. 花时间反思你的成就。 reflect that… He reflected that he had made a mistake. 他意识到自己犯了个错误。 be reflected in The happiness was reflected in her smile. 幸福映在她的笑容里。 reflection n. 反思，映像 on reflection 经过反思后 3. be reunited with （使）重聚 考点 用法/示例 结构： reunite A with B 使A与B重聚 示例： The family was finally reunited after years apart. 派生： union n. 联合；reunion n. 重聚 4. live life to the full 尽情享受生活，活出精彩 考点 用法/示例 类似表达： live life to the fullest；live life to the utmost 示例： Morrie taught us to live life to the full, cherishing every moment. 四．单元短语 1．________________使)重聚 2．________________观点 3．________________被……分散/转移注意力 4．________________与……保持/失去联系 5．________________过得很充实 6．________________冲进，冲入 7．________________前往，走上去 8．________________突然发生；突然……起来 9．________________塞满；充满 10．________________在……前面 11．________________充分利用 12．________________建立自己的价值观 13．________________使某人认清事实/长见识 14．________________给某人一个教训 15．________________对……的反思 16．________________使某人意识到 17．________________穿着 18．________________依靠 19．________________一直，始终 20．________________立即，马上 21．________________对……很满意 22．________________在某人犹豫时 23．________________后来，以后 五．单元佳句 1. Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live. 解析：并列结构，强调面对死亡才能更好地理解生命。这是哲理类作文中的常用句式，通过“A了才能B”的对称结构加深哲理意味。 2. The big things—how we think, what we value—those you must choose yourself. 解析：破折号插入补充说明，强调选择的重要性。插入语结构是写作中提升句式多样性的有效手段。 3. Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep. 解析：as if引导的虚拟语气，as if从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语用had+过去分词。as if/though在表语从句和方式状语从句中的使用是语法重点。 4. Love each other or perish. 解析：Auden名言，简洁有力，祈使句结构增强说服力。类似结构的短句或名言在议论文结尾段的使用能增强感染力。 5. If any of you should find him, would you be so very kind as to give him back to us? 解析：should表示可能性很小的假设，语气委婉礼貌。本句包含if引导的委婉条件句和would be so kind as to do sth.的礼貌请求句型。 六．单元语法 被动语态复习 一、被动语态的概述 被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。其构成为：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。 二、常见时态的被动语态 时态 构成形式 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The book is read every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The story was written last year. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + done The work will be finished tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done The book is being read now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done The room was being cleaned then. 现在完成时 have/has + been + done The task has been completed. 过去完成时 had + been + done The work had been done by then. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The problem must be solved. 三、被动语态的使用情况 1. 动作的执行者不明确或无需说明时：Tuesdays with Morrie is read by millions worldwide. 2. 要强调动作的承受者时：The book has been translated into many languages. 3. 出于礼貌或表述需要时：A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book. 四、主动表被动的情况 1. 系动词（look, sound, taste, feel, smell, prove）接形容词：The story sounds interesting. 2. 某些动词（read, write, wash, clean, sell, cut）表示事物本身属性时：The book sells well. 3. be worth doing：The book is worth reading. 4. need/require/want + doing = need/require/want + to be done：The car needs washing. 五、被动语态的特殊结构 结构 示例 get + done（多用于口语） He got injured in the accident. 短语动词的被动语态 The matter must be looked into. 双宾语动词的被动 I was given a book./A book was given to me. 主动形式表被动含义 The cloth washes easily. 七．单元写作 主题：夹叙夹议短文——违背自然规律，吸取教训 一、题型整体解读 本文属于夹叙夹议类小故事写作，核心主题为违背自然规律而自食恶果，并从中总结经验教训。 写作逻辑：交代事件起因 → 叙述事情经过与结果 → 阐述感悟与道理。 词数要求：80词左右；叙事语言简洁，议论部分点明主旨，行文连贯自然。 二、核心写作规则 1. 时态 - 叙述过往事件、动作、场景：一般过去时 - 发表感悟、总结道理、提出警示：一般现在时 2. 人称：常用第一人称（自身经历）、第三人称（讲述寓言/他人故事） 3. 衔接词（必用）：(just) then, after (that), when, as soon as, finally, therefore 4. 结构框架（三段式，严格套用） - 第一段：起因（人物+初衷+想要做的事） - 第二段：经过（具体行为+发展过程，搭配过渡词） - 第三段：结果+感悟/教训（不良后果+总结道理） 三、必背词块&经典句型 （一）高频词块 1. to live a better life 为了过更好的生活 2. waste plenty of resources 浪费大量的资源 3. have problems with their noses and lungs 口鼻和肺部出现不适 4. have to take action to protect our environment 必须采取措施保护环境 5. be nowhere to find 无处可寻 6. be to blame for it 要为此负责 7. make the world a pleasant place to live in 让世界成为宜居之地 8. learn a lesson from this failure 从这次失败中吸取教训 9. the lesson from my previous mistake 过往错误带来的教训 （二）经典句式（议论段优先使用） 1. Once lost, they can never be replaced. 一旦失去，便无法挽回。 2. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future. 这警示我日后要多加谨慎。 3. Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters. 不当的人类行为引发了诸多灾难。 4. So it is high time that we protected our environment. 因此，我们是时候保护环境了。 5. Only if we stop damaging nature can we live in harmony with it. 唯有停止破坏自然，我们才能与自然和谐共处。 四、标准范文展示（2篇，不同题材，80词左右） 范文1（第一人称·个人生活经历 模仿《揠苗助长》） 英文原文 When I was a child, I planted some flowers and wished them to bloom soon. I thought more water and fertilizer could speed up their growth. Then I watered and fed them every hour. After three days, all the flowers wilted and died. I felt really upset. From this experience, I learned a clear lesson. Everything has its own growth rule. Being eager for quick success and going against nature will only lead to failure. 词汇&结构解析 1. 时态：叙事用一般过去时，感悟用一般现在时 2. 过渡词：Then / After three days 串联情节 3. 词块运用：go against nature 违背自然规律 4. 词数：78词，符合要求 中文翻译 小时候我种下一些花，一心想让它们快点开花。我以为多浇水、多施肥就能加速它们生长，于是每隔一小时就浇水施肥。 三天后，所有花都枯萎死去了，我十分难过。 这次经历让我吸取了教训：万物都有自身的生长规律。急于求成、违背自然，最终只会一事无成。 范文2（第三人称·环保主题 社会现象类） 英文原文 Some villagers wanted to live a better life, so they cut down lots of trees and caught all the birds nearby. They didn’t realize they were breaking natural rules. Soon the area became dry and dusty, and people even had problems with their noses and lungs. Finally, they learned a lesson. Improper human activities harm nature greatly. It is high time we took action to protect the environment. 词汇&结构解析 1. 过渡词：Soon / Finally 衔接事件发展 2. 词块运用：to live a better life; have problems with their noses and lungs; take action to protect the environment 3. 句型运用：套用经典句 It is high time we did... 4. 词数：82词，符合要求 中文翻译 一些村民为了过上更好的生活，大肆砍伐树木、捕捉飞鸟，丝毫没有意识到自己在违背自然规律。 很快，这片土地变得干旱多尘，村民们的口鼻和肺部都出现了不适。 最终他们吸取了教训：人类不当的行为会严重伤害自然。我们必须立刻行动起来，保护生态环境。 五、课堂仿写&实战训练 基础仿写训练（句式对标范文1，替换情节，80词左右） 情境：表弟想让小鸡快点长大，每天强行喂食、惊扰小鸡，最后小鸡生病死去，谈谈你的感悟。 参考框架提示： 1. 起因：My cousin raised some little chickens and wanted them to grow fast. 2. 经过：He fed them too much food and disturbed them all day long. 3. 结果+感悟：The chickens got sick and died... We must follow natural rules. 进阶写作训练（根据中文提示写作，第三人称，80词左右） 写作要求： 从前有一位果农，为了让果树多结果，过量喷洒农药。起初果实长势喜人，可没过多久果树全部枯萎。这件事告诉我们：违背自然规律终将自食恶果，善待自然才能有所收获。 Unit 3 The world meets China 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.　　　　 n.通向…的门户 2.　　　　 n.(沙漠中的)绿洲 3　　　　adj.辉煌的 4.　　　　 n.小洞穴 5　　　　 n.证据；证明 6.　　　　 n.雕塑；雕像 7.　　　　 n.壁画 8.　　　　 adj.宗教的 9.　　　　  n. 飞天 10.　　　　 n.神 11.　　　　adj.天国的 12.　　　　 n.高峰，顶点 13.　　　　 n.纸卷，卷轴 14.　　　　 n.陶瓷制品 15.　　　　 n.活动中心，汇集地 16　　　　 n. 展览会，博览会 17.　　　　 n. 覆盖范围 18.　　　　 n.学者 19.　　　　 n.（大学的）系， 20.　　　　 n.学院；研究院 二、单词拓展 1．strong adj.强壮的，强大的→_________n．力量，力气；优点，长处→_________vt.加强；使坚强vi.变强 2．cover v．覆盖；代替 n．封面，封皮；盖子→_________ n.覆盖范围→_________ v．发现；揭开；揭露 3．scholar n．学者→_________ n．奖学金 4．history n．历史→_________ n．历史学家→_________adj.历史的；史学的→_________ adj.有历史意义的 5．prior adj.先前的；较早的→_________ n．优先；优先权；首要事情 三、常考单词 1. boast v. 自豪地拥有；（地方、机构等）自豪地拥有 考点 用法/示例 boast about/of He often boasts about his achievements. 他常夸耀自己的成就。 boast that… The city boasts that it has the best museum in the region. （注意）褒义用法 The hotel boasts a beautiful garden. 该酒店以美丽的花园而自豪。 boast后直接接宾语 She boasts a record of three Olympic gold medals. 2. be testimony to 是……的证明；表明 考点 用法/示例 结构： sth. be testimony to + n. 示例： The pyramids are testimony to the ancient Egyptians‘ engineering skills. 近义表达： bear witness to, evidence, proof 3. fade from 从……中逐渐消失 考点 用法/示例 fade from memory Gradually, the city faded from memory. fade away The sound of the music faded away. fade in/out （电影/音乐）淡入/淡出 4. bring…to life 使复活；使恢复生机 考点 用法/示例 结构： bring sth./sb. to life 示例： The Belt and Road Initiative is bringing the Silk Road to life again. 被动： The characters were brought to life by the actor’s performance. 5. strike a chord 引起共鸣 strike a chord with sb. Her words struck a chord with the audience. 她的话语引起了观众的共鸣。 拓展： strike a balance 达到平衡；strike a match 划火柴 6. keep a close eye on 密切关注 考点 用法示例 同义表达： keep a watchful eye on, pay close attention to 示例： Teachers should keep a close eye on students’ progress. 四．单元短语 1．________________ 是……的证据/证明 2．________________ 追溯到 3．________________ 封闭；密封 4．________________ .从……中消失 5．________________ 使复苏；(使)变得生动 6________________ 在……之前；先于…… 7．________________ 暴露于 8．________________ 照看，留神，留意 9．________________ 总之 10．________________ 引起共鸣 11．________________ 旅游胜地 12．________________ 看得更清楚 13．________________ 为……所独有 14．________________ 达到顶峰 15.________________ 仅举几例 16．________________ .某人对……的热爱 五．单元佳句 1. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. 解析：how引导宾语从句，体现敦煌作为沙漠绿洲带给旅人的震撼。该句中imagine + how从句结构是表达“某人只能想象……”的常用句式，可用于描写主观感受。 2. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. 解析：if引导条件状语从句，内含that引导定语从句和how引导宾语从句。这是课文中最具代表性的长难句之一，嵌套了状语从句、定语从句和宾语从句三种从句结构。 3. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. 解析：with复合结构和as if方式状语从句并用，生动描绘飞天形象。with的复合结构“with + 名词 + 现在分词”是描写画面感的有效句型。 4. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. 解析：完全倒装句式（介词短语提前，谓语were hidden置于主语前），用于强调存在或突出重要信息。该句型的典型结构为：方位/地点状语 + 系动词 + 主语。 5. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation, Dunhuang was the ideal place. 解析：Given that引导原因状语从句，意为“考虑到……；鉴于……”。Given在此为介词，常用在议论文和说明文中提出前提或背景条件。 六．单元语法 状语从句复习 一、状语从句的概述 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等关系。 二、状语从句的分类 1. 时间状语从句 连接词 用法说明 示例 when 可指时间段或时间点 When he arrived, we were having dinner. while 强调同时进行，常接延续性动词 While I was reading, he came in. as “一边……一边……”或“随着” As time goes on, he becomes more confident. before 在……之前 Think it over before you make a decision. after 在……之后 After he finished homework, he went to bed. since 自从……（主句用完成时） He has lived here since he was born. until/till 直到……才…… He didn’t leave until she came back. as soon as 一……就…… He started as soon as he received the news. every time 每次…… Every time I see her, she smiles at me. the moment 一……就…… The moment he saw me, he ran away. 2. 条件状语从句 连接词 用法说明 if 如果 unless 除非（=if not） as long as 只要 provided/providing 假如 in case 以防，万一 on condition that 在……条件下 3. 原因状语从句 连接词 用法说明 because 直接原因，语气最强 since 既然，已知原因 as 由于（语气较弱） for 因为（并列连词，不能置于句首） now that 既然 given that 考虑到…… 4. 让步状语从句 连接词 用法说明 注意 although/though 虽然 不与but连用 even if/even though 即使 强调让步程度 while 虽然（位于句首） 正式文体 as 虽然（需倒装） Poor as he is, he is happy. whatever/whenever/wherever 无论…… 引导让步状语从句 no matter + 疑问词 无论…… = wh- + ever 5. 结果状语从句 连接词 用法说明 示例 so…that 如此……以至于 He is so kind that everyone likes him. such…that 如此……以至于 It’s such a fine day that we go out. so that 以至于 He got up early so that he caught the bus. 6. 目的状语从句 连接词 用法说明 so that 以便，为了（从句常用may/might/can/could） in order that 为了 for fear that 唯恐，生怕 in case 以防 7. 方式状语从句 连接词 用法说明 as 像……一样，按照……方式 as if/as though 好像，仿佛（可用虚拟语气） 8. 地点状语从句 连接词 用法说明 where 在……地方 wherever 无论哪里 9. 比较状语从句 连接词 用法说明 as…as 和……一样 not as/so…as 不如…… than 比…… the more…the more… 越……越…… 三、状语从句的时态呼应 1. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 - I will tell him when he comes back. 2. 从属连词as soon as, immediately, the moment等引导的从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 3. since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 四、状语从句的倒装 1. as引导让步状语从句时，从句必须倒装： - Child as he is, he knows a lot.（名词前不用冠词） - Hard as he tried, he failed. 2. though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。 3. so that引导目的/结果状语从句不倒装。 七．单元写作 推荐文化亮点（电子邮件写作） 写作框架： 段落 写作要点 第一段 称呼与开头语，感谢对方来信，表达祝愿 第二段 推荐旅游目的地，阐述推荐理由（文化、历史、美食等） 第三段 详细介绍景点/活动，提供实用建议 第四段 表达期待，礼貌结尾，署名 常用词块： 1. cultural highlights 文化亮点 2. be located in 位于 3. be known/famous for 以……闻名 4. a must-see attraction 必看景点 5. be well worth visiting 非常值得参观 6. offer a glimpse into 提供一瞥……的机会 7. rich cultural heritage 丰富的文化遗产 8. UNESCO World Heritage site 联合国教科文组织世界遗产 9. a unique experience 独特的体验 10. be impressed by 对……印象深刻 11. historical significance 历史意义 12. breathtaking scenery 令人叹为观止的景色 常用句型： 1. I‘m writing to recommend… to you. 我写信向你推荐…… 2. There’s no better place to experience… than… 没有比……更好的地方来体验……了。 3. It‘s a place where you can… 这是一个你可以……的地方。 4. What impressed me most was… 给我印象最深的是…… 5. I strongly suggest that you should… 我强烈建议你应该…… 6. You will be amazed by the beauty of… 你会被……的美所震撼。 7. Not only can you enjoy…, but you can also… 你不仅可以欣赏……，还可以…… 8. Don’t miss the chance to… 不要错过……的机会。 9. I guarantee you will have an unforgettable experience. 我保证你会有一次难忘的体验。 10. You won‘t be disappointed. 你不会失望的。 电子邮件写作格式： Dear [Name], [正文段落1：开场白，感谢/回应对方的来信] [正文段落2：推荐目的地及核心理由] [正文段落3：详细介绍，给出建议] [正文段落4：结尾，表达期待] Best regards, [Your Name] 例文： Dear Selena, Thank you for your email. I’m so excited to hear that you‘re planning to visit China. I’d be more than happy to recommend some places for you. First and foremost, I strongly recommend Dunhuang, a city in Gansu Province. Located on the ancient Silk Road, Dunhuang was once a gateway where East met West. The Mogao Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are the city‘s greatest treasure. With more than 700 caves carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years, they feature breathtaking murals and statues that are testimony to the cultural exchange along the Silk Road. The Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”, depicted on the walls are incredibly lifelike and reflect the confidence and optimism of the Tang Dynasty. What’s more, you can explore the Crescent Lake and Mingsha Mountain, where you can ride camels and experience the beauty of the desert. The local food is also worth trying, especially the Lanzhou hand-pulled noodles. I promise you that a visit to Dunhuang will be an unforgettable experience. If you need more information, please let me know. I‘m looking forward to seeing you in China! Best regards, Jiang 仿写练习： 假设你的外国朋友Lucy计划来中国旅游，请你写一封电子邮件向她推荐一个你熟悉的城市或景点。 提示： 1. 推荐目的地及地理位置； 2. 介绍该地的文化亮点/自然风光； 3. 提供旅行建议； 4. 表达期待。 字数：100词左右。 一、单词拼写 1．China is well known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. Bamboo culture has already been r________ in Chinese minds through the long history. (根据首字母单词拼写) 2．The snow had m___________, but the lake was still frozen solid. （根据首字母单词拼写） 3．The mechanics of the watch were far too ________ (复杂的) for me to understand. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 4．This report has been ______(审查) and approved by the leadership. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 5．Nowadays life is getting more ________and difficult than that in the past. （根据句意填空） 6．No matter ______ attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. (用适当的词填空) 7．U_____ (最终), my duty is helping every student to learn.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 8．The c _____________ (商业的) future of the company looks very promising. (根据中英文提示填空) 二、单项选择 9．They ________ for this important exam day and night recently, so they ________ a good rest these days. A．have been preparing; deserve B．are preparing; deserved C．prepared; deserve D．have prepared; are deserving 10．His first ________ at writing a novel was not very successful; but he didn’t give up. A．intention B．attempt C．effort D．ambition 11．Any ________ is required to fill in the form first. A．participate B．participates C．participant D．participation 12．He made a good __________ to his new school. A．ambition B．participation C．presentation D．adaptation 13．The well-known works of the palace reflect the _________ of ancient sculpture and painting. A．admission B．approach C．charm D．attention 14．A new community sports center________beyond the river by the government now. A．is being built B．was built C．is building D．has built 15．_________ the task seems extremely tough, we believe we can accomplish it with teamwork and perseverance. A．Since B．While C．Until D．Once 16．_______ you make peace with who you are, you'll never be content with what you have. A．If B．Since C．When D．Until 17．Mr Smith ______ a book, which will probably be completed next month. A．writes B．has written C．will be writing D．has been writing 18．—Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? —Sorry. ______. A．It is repaired B．It is being repaired C．It has been repaired D．It had been repaired 三、语法填空1. （2024·全国甲卷）The center ________ (set) up in 2018 to protect the area's unique ecosystem, and since then it has played a key role in wildlife conservation. 2. （2024·新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the First Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3. （2023·全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 4. （2023·新课标II卷）As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 5. （2022·全国乙卷）________ you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. 6. （2022·浙江1月卷）He ________ (work) in this company since he graduated from college. He 7. （2021·全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s. 8. （2021·新高考I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 9. （2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would ________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 10. （2020·全国甲卷）Over the past 20 years, the Internet ________ (change) the way people live, work and communicate with each other. 11. （2019·全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we ________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 12. （2019·全国II卷）I don’t know the exact number of the people who ________ (visit) the museum since it opened. 13. （2018·全国I卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 14. （2018·江苏卷）________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 15. （2017·全国I卷）When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 16. （2017·全国II卷）Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 17. （2016·全国III卷）Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 18. （2015·全国I卷）It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 19. （2014·全国I卷）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil ________ (use) for cooking. 20. （2013·全国II卷）I ________ (work) in a foreign trade company for five years. Still, I don’t regret giving up the well-paid job. 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 选择性必修第四册Unit1~Unit3单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Looking forwards 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.diverge v. 岔开，分开 2.thoughtful adj. 认真思考的，深思的 3.symbolize v. 象征，代表 4.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地，困境 5.arise v. 由…… 引起 6.take action v. 采取行动 7.boyhood n. （男性的）童年时期，少年时代 8.ambition n. 追求，理想 9.trainee n. （接受工作培训的人；实习生） 10.correspondent n. 通讯员，记者 11.bullfighting n. 斗牛 12.historical adj. （有关）历史的 13.detective n. 私家侦探 14.ultimately adv. 最后，最终 15.dot n. 点，小圆点 16.backwards adv. 往回，往前面 17.admission n. 允许进入（加入） 18.participation n. 参加，参与 19.complex adj. 复杂的 20.numerous adj. 许多的，很多的 二、单词拓展 1.ambition → ambitious adj. 有抱负的 → ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地 2.history → historical adj. 历史的 → historic adj. 有历史意义的 3.detect → detective n. 侦探 → detection n. 侦查 4.admit → admission n. 承认 / 入场费 → admitted adj. 公认的 5.participate → participation n. 参与 → participant n. 参与者 6.complex → complexity n. 复杂性 → complexly adv. 复杂地 7.diverge → divergence n. 分歧 → divergent adj. 有分歧的 8.number → numerous adj. 许多的 → numerical adj. 数字的 9.commerce → commercial adj. 商业的 → commercial n. 商业广告 10.think → thoughtful adj. 深思的 → thought n. 思考 → thinking adj. 有思想的 11.symbol → symbolize v. 象征 → symbolic adj. 象征性的 → symbolically adv. 象征性地 12.alternate → alternative adj. 可供选择的 → alternative n. 可供选择的事物 → alternatively adv. 二者择一地 13.dilemma → dilemmatic adj. 进退两难的 → dilemmatically adv. 进退两难地 14.arise → arose 过去式 → arisen 过去分词 → arising n. 出现 / 兴起 15.fluent → fluency n. 流利 → fluently adv. 流利地 16.sincere → sincerely adv. 真诚地 → sincerity n. 真诚 17.qualify → qualified adj. 合格的 → qualification n. 资格 → unqualified adj. 不合格的 18.affect → affection n. 喜爱 → affectionate adj. 深情的 → affectionately adv. 充满感情地 19.mix → mixture n. 混合物 → mixed adj. 混合的 → mixer n. 搅拌器 20.refresh → refreshment n. 茶点 → refreshing adj. 清爽的 → refreshingly adv. 清爽地 三、常考单词 1. assume v. 假设；假定；承担 考点 用法/示例 assume + (that)从句 We assume that he will come. 我们假设他会来。 assume sb./sth.to be… I assumed him to be an honest man. 我假定他是诚实的人。 assuming (that) conj. Assuming it rains, what should we do? 假设下雨，我们该怎么办？ assumption n. 假定，假设 make an assumption about… 对……做出假设 2. guarantee v./n. 保证；担保 考点 用法/示例 guarantee to do sth. We guarantee to deliver within 24 hours. guarantee that… Who can guarantee that he’ll keep his word? be guaranteed to do This product is guaranteed to last for 10 years. under guarantee The watch is still under guarantee. 3. in the face of 面对；面临 考点 用法/示例 in the face of difficulty/danger in the face of stiff competition 面对激烈的竞争 拓展： lose face 丢脸；save face 保全面子；face to face 面对面 4. come one’s way 发生在某人身上；被某人得到 考点 用法/示例 拓展短语 take a leaf out of sb.’s book 模仿某人，向某人学习 拓展短语 make up one’s mind 做出决定，拿定主意 拓展短语 pass up 放过，放弃（机会） 拓展短语 have second thoughts 犹豫，产生怀疑 拓展短语 weigh up 仔细考虑，权衡 拓展短语 reject…out of hand 彻底否决…… 5. no more…than… 与……一样不……；既不……也不…… 用法点拨：no more…than… 表示对两者都否定，意为“与……一样不……”。 - He is no more a genius than I am. 他和我都不是天才。 - 对比：not more…than… 表示“前者不如后者”。 - He is not more diligent than his brother. 他没有他哥哥勤奋。 四．单元短语 put off 推迟…；使… 延期 set oneself goals 给自己设定目标 be faced with 面对…… arise from 产生于；起因于 firmly reject 坚决拒绝… miss out on 放过，放弃，错过 (机会) follow the example of 模仿；效仿 think over 仔细考虑，权衡 be forced to do sth. 被迫做某事 五．单元佳句 1. It is obvious that confidence is more valuable than appearance. 解析：It作形式主语，that引导主语从句（单元核心语法，必考）。该句型是名词性从句中主语从句的高频考点。类似结构还有It is said/reported/believed that… 2. What I say is that my photos won’t hurt anyone. 解析：嵌套结构——主语从句(What I say) + 表语从句(that…)。这是名词性从句的综合考查形式，在阅读理解的长难句分析和写作中的句式升级中都十分常见。 3. Ever since I discovered selfie apps, I have become addicted. 解析：ever since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。since引导的从句通常使用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 4. You can’t connect the dots looking forward；you can only connect them looking backwards. 解析：Steve Jobs名言，平行结构对比，富含哲理。句中looking forward和looking backwards分别作状语，与connect the dots形成语义关联。 六．单元语法 语法重点——动词时态复习 1. 将来进行时 (Future Continuous Tense) 构成：will be + 现在分词 用法：表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 【教材原句】 “What will we be doing in ten years‘ time?” 十年后我们会在做什么？ 【例句】： This time next week, I will be travelling in Italy. Don‘t call me between 7 and 8; I will be having dinner then. 2. 过去将来时 (Past Future Tense) 构成：would + 动词原形 用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 【教材原句】 “He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.” 他后来荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 【例句】： He told me he would come back in a week. She hoped that she would meet him again someday. 3. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense) 构成：had + 过去分词 用法：表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作。 【教材原句】 “... the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor.” 1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。 【例句】： By the time I arrived, the train had already left. She realized she had made a serious mistake. 4. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 构成：have/has been + 现在分词 用法：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性。 【教材原句】 “... but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.” 但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。 【例句】： I have been waiting for you for two hours. She has been studying English since she was ten. 【易错点提示】 ：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别在于——完成进行时强调动作的持续性（不一定完成），完成时强调动作的结果（已完成）。例如：I have been reading this book.（我一直在读这本书——可能还没读完）/ I have read this book.（我已读完这本书） 七．单元写作 关于未来规划的演讲稿写作 写作框架： 段落 内容要点 第一段 开篇点题，引出“未来规划”的重要性 第二段 阐述对成功的理解，结合个人经历或名人例子 第三段 具体阐述目标和计划（短期+长期） 第四段 结论，呼吁积极面对未来 常用词块： 1. make a life plan 制定人生计划 2. set clear goals 设立清晰的目标 3. in the face of challenges 面对挑战 4. take action to shape the future 采取行动塑造未来 5. be prepared for the unexpected 为意外做好准备 6. follow one’s passion 追随热情 7. seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会 8. learn from failures 从失败中学习 9. be persistent and determined 坚持不懈、意志坚定 10. make the right choice 做出正确选择 常用句型： 1. When it comes to future planning, what matters most is… 2. As the saying goes, “Opportunities favor those who are prepared.” 3. It is important that we should… 4. Only by… can we achieve our goals. 5. Looking back, I realize that every setback is actually a setup for a comeback. 例文： How Should We Face the Future? When it comes to future planning, I firmly believe that taking action is more important than making endless plans. As Steve Jobs once said, “You can’t connect the dots looking forward；you can only connect them looking backwards.” These words reveal a crucial truth：instead of worrying about the uncertainty ahead, we should bravely take each step and trust that our experiences will eventually make sense. For me, the most important thing is to follow my passion while staying grounded. I have set a clear goal：to major in computer science and become a software engineer. To achieve this, I will focus on my studies, participate in coding competitions, and seek internships. Of course, setbacks are inevitable, but I will face them with determination. Let’s embrace the future with confidence and energy. Remember, the choices we make today will shape who we become tomorrow. 仿写练习： 请根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的演讲稿，谈谈你对“未来规划”的看法。 提示： 1. 未来充满不确定性，但我们可以采取行动去影响它； 2. 引用乔布斯的名言“You can’t connect the dots looking forward”； 3. 结合自身实际谈谈目标与计划。 Good morning, dear teachers and classmates. The future is filled with uncertainties, but we are never powerless—our daily actions can actively change its direction. Steve Jobs put it well: “You can’t connect the dots looking forward.” We cannot see future outcomes right now. Personally, I aim to get ideal college admission. I stick to daily study schedules, sort out wrong questions and make steady progress little by little. These tiny efforts are the dots I lay down today, which will weave my desired tomorrow. Thank you! Unit 2 Lessons in life 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.weaken v.(使)虚弱 2.anticipate v. 预期，预料 3. recognition n.承认，认可 4. cooperate v.合作，协作 5. cram v.挤满 6. pure adj.纯净的，洁净的 7. stroke v.轻抚，抚摸 8. despair n.绝望 二、单词拓展 1．weak adj.虚弱的；无力的；不牢固的→weaken v．(使)虚弱→weakness n．弱点；软弱 2．anticipate v．预期，预料→anticipation n．预期，预料，期望 3．possess vt.拥有，具有；支配→possession n．财产，财物 4．normal adj.正常的→abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 5．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)认可，承认→recognition n．承认，认可 6．cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的；协作的 三、常考单词 1. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激；领会 考点 用法/示例 appreciate + n. I deeply appreciate your kindness. appreciate doing sth. I appreciate having the opportunity to study here. appreciate + that从句 I appreciate that you have taken the trouble to help me. 易错点： appreciate后不能直接接不定式，须接动名词。 appreciation n. in appreciation of 感谢…… 2. reflect v. 反思；反射；反映 考点 用法/示例 reflect on/upon Take time to reflect on your achievements. 花时间反思你的成就。 reflect that… He reflected that he had made a mistake. 他意识到自己犯了个错误。 be reflected in The happiness was reflected in her smile. 幸福映在她的笑容里。 reflection n. 反思，映像 on reflection 经过反思后 3. be reunited with （使）重聚 考点 用法/示例 结构： reunite A with B 使A与B重聚 示例： The family was finally reunited after years apart. 派生： union n. 联合；reunion n. 重聚 4. live life to the full 尽情享受生活，活出精彩 考点 用法/示例 类似表达： live life to the fullest；live life to the utmost 示例： Morrie taught us to live life to the full, cherishing every moment. 四．单元短语 1．be reunited with (使)重聚 2．point of view观点 3．get distracted by被……分散/转移注意力 4．keep in/lose touch with与……保持/失去联系 5．live life to the full过得很充实 6．rush into冲进，冲入 7．go up to前往，走上去 8．burst out突然发生；突然……起来 9．be crammed with塞满；充满 10．ahead of在……前面 11．make the most of充分利用 12．establish one's own values建立自己的价值观 13．open one's eyes to sth.使某人认清事实/长见识 14．teach sb. a lesson给某人一个教训 15．reflection on对……的反思 16．make sb. aware that...使某人意识到 17．be dressed in穿着 18．lean on依靠 19．all the time一直，始终 20．straight away立即，马上 21．be pleased with对……很满意 22．in one's hesitation在某人犹豫时 23．later on后来，以后 五．单元佳句 1. Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live. 解析：并列结构，强调面对死亡才能更好地理解生命。这是哲理类作文中的常用句式，通过“A了才能B”的对称结构加深哲理意味。 2. The big things—how we think, what we value—those you must choose yourself. 解析：破折号插入补充说明，强调选择的重要性。插入语结构是写作中提升句式多样性的有效手段。 3. Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep. 解析：as if引导的虚拟语气，as if从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语用had+过去分词。as if/though在表语从句和方式状语从句中的使用是语法重点。 4. Love each other or perish. 解析：Auden名言，简洁有力，祈使句结构增强说服力。类似结构的短句或名言在议论文结尾段的使用能增强感染力。 5. If any of you should find him, would you be so very kind as to give him back to us? 解析：should表示可能性很小的假设，语气委婉礼貌。本句包含if引导的委婉条件句和would be so kind as to do sth.的礼貌请求句型。 六．单元语法 被动语态复习 一、被动语态的概述 被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。其构成为：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。 二、常见时态的被动语态 时态 构成形式 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The book is read every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The story was written last year. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + done The work will be finished tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done The book is being read now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done The room was being cleaned then. 现在完成时 have/has + been + done The task has been completed. 过去完成时 had + been + done The work had been done by then. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The problem must be solved. 三、被动语态的使用情况 1. 动作的执行者不明确或无需说明时：Tuesdays with Morrie is read by millions worldwide. 2. 要强调动作的承受者时：The book has been translated into many languages. 3. 出于礼貌或表述需要时：A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book. 四、主动表被动的情况 1. 系动词（look, sound, taste, feel, smell, prove）接形容词：The story sounds interesting. 2. 某些动词（read, write, wash, clean, sell, cut）表示事物本身属性时：The book sells well. 3. be worth doing：The book is worth reading. 4. need/require/want + doing = need/require/want + to be done：The car needs washing. 五、被动语态的特殊结构 结构 示例 get + done（多用于口语） He got injured in the accident. 短语动词的被动语态 The matter must be looked into. 双宾语动词的被动 I was given a book./A book was given to me. 主动形式表被动含义 The cloth washes easily. 七．单元写作 主题：夹叙夹议短文——违背自然规律，吸取教训 一、题型整体解读 本文属于夹叙夹议类小故事写作，核心主题为违背自然规律而自食恶果，并从中总结经验教训。 写作逻辑：交代事件起因 → 叙述事情经过与结果 → 阐述感悟与道理。 词数要求：80词左右；叙事语言简洁，议论部分点明主旨，行文连贯自然。 二、核心写作规则 1. 时态 - 叙述过往事件、动作、场景：一般过去时 - 发表感悟、总结道理、提出警示：一般现在时 2. 人称：常用第一人称（自身经历）、第三人称（讲述寓言/他人故事） 3. 衔接词（必用）：(just) then, after (that), when, as soon as, finally, therefore 4. 结构框架（三段式，严格套用） - 第一段：起因（人物+初衷+想要做的事） - 第二段：经过（具体行为+发展过程，搭配过渡词） - 第三段：结果+感悟/教训（不良后果+总结道理） 三、必背词块&经典句型 （一）高频词块 1. to live a better life 为了过更好的生活 2. waste plenty of resources 浪费大量的资源 3. have problems with their noses and lungs 口鼻和肺部出现不适 4. have to take action to protect our environment 必须采取措施保护环境 5. be nowhere to find 无处可寻 6. be to blame for it 要为此负责 7. make the world a pleasant place to live in 让世界成为宜居之地 8. learn a lesson from this failure 从这次失败中吸取教训 9. the lesson from my previous mistake 过往错误带来的教训 （二）经典句式（议论段优先使用） 1. Once lost, they can never be replaced. 一旦失去，便无法挽回。 2. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future. 这警示我日后要多加谨慎。 3. Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters. 不当的人类行为引发了诸多灾难。 4. So it is high time that we protected our environment. 因此，我们是时候保护环境了。 5. Only if we stop damaging nature can we live in harmony with it. 唯有停止破坏自然，我们才能与自然和谐共处。 四、标准范文展示（2篇，不同题材，80词左右） 范文1（第一人称·个人生活经历 模仿《揠苗助长》） 英文原文 When I was a child, I planted some flowers and wished them to bloom soon. I thought more water and fertilizer could speed up their growth. Then I watered and fed them every hour. After three days, all the flowers wilted and died. I felt really upset. From this experience, I learned a clear lesson. Everything has its own growth rule. Being eager for quick success and going against nature will only lead to failure. 词汇&结构解析 1. 时态：叙事用一般过去时，感悟用一般现在时 2. 过渡词：Then / After three days 串联情节 3. 词块运用：go against nature 违背自然规律 4. 词数：78词，符合要求 中文翻译 小时候我种下一些花，一心想让它们快点开花。我以为多浇水、多施肥就能加速它们生长，于是每隔一小时就浇水施肥。 三天后，所有花都枯萎死去了，我十分难过。 这次经历让我吸取了教训：万物都有自身的生长规律。急于求成、违背自然，最终只会一事无成。 范文2（第三人称·环保主题 社会现象类） 英文原文 Some villagers wanted to live a better life, so they cut down lots of trees and caught all the birds nearby. They didn’t realize they were breaking natural rules. Soon the area became dry and dusty, and people even had problems with their noses and lungs. Finally, they learned a lesson. Improper human activities harm nature greatly. It is high time we took action to protect the environment. 词汇&结构解析 1. 过渡词：Soon / Finally 衔接事件发展 2. 词块运用：to live a better life; have problems with their noses and lungs; take action to protect the environment 3. 句型运用：套用经典句 It is high time we did... 4. 词数：82词，符合要求 中文翻译 一些村民为了过上更好的生活，大肆砍伐树木、捕捉飞鸟，丝毫没有意识到自己在违背自然规律。 很快，这片土地变得干旱多尘，村民们的口鼻和肺部都出现了不适。 最终他们吸取了教训：人类不当的行为会严重伤害自然。我们必须立刻行动起来，保护生态环境。 五、课堂仿写&实战训练 基础仿写训练（句式对标范文1，替换情节，80词左右） 情境：表弟想让小鸡快点长大，每天强行喂食、惊扰小鸡，最后小鸡生病死去，谈谈你的感悟。 参考框架提示： 1. 起因：My cousin raised some little chickens and wanted them to grow fast. 2. 经过：He fed them too much food and disturbed them all day long. 3. 结果+感悟：The chickens got sick and died... We must follow natural rules. 进阶写作训练（根据中文提示写作，第三人称，80词左右） 写作要求： 从前有一位果农，为了让果树多结果，过量喷洒农药。起初果实长势喜人，可没过多久果树全部枯萎。这件事告诉我们：违背自然规律终将自食恶果，善待自然才能有所收获。 My cousin raised some little chickens and wanted them to grow fast. He believed more food would help them grow stronger, so he fed them too much every day and even disturbed them now and then. After a short time, all the chickens fell ill and died. My cousin felt very regretful. I learn that every living creature has its own rule of growth. Never try to change nature blindly, or we will get a bad result. Unit 3 The world meets China 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.gateway n.通向…的门户 2.oasis n.(沙漠中的)绿洲 3.glorious adj.辉煌的 4.grotto n.小洞穴 5.testimony n.证据；证明 6.statue n.雕塑；雕像 7.mural n.壁画 8.religious adj.宗教的 9.Apsaras  n. 飞天 10.immortal n.神 11.heavenly adj.天国的 12.peak n.高峰，顶点 13.scroll n.纸卷，卷轴 14.ceramics n.陶瓷制品 15.crossroad n.活动中心，汇集地 16.expo n. 展览会，博览会 17.coverage n. 覆盖范围 18.scholar n.学者 19.department n.（大学的）系， 20.institute n.学院；研究院 二、单词拓展 1．strong adj.强壮的，强大的→strength n．力量，力气；优点，长处→strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强 2．cover v．覆盖；代替 n．封面，封皮；盖子→coverage n.覆盖范围→uncover v．发现；揭开；揭露 3．scholar n．学者→scholarship n．奖学金 4．history n．历史→historian n．历史学家→historical adj.历史的；史学的→historic adj.有历史意义的 5．prior adj.先前的；较早的→priority n．优先；优先权；首要事情  三、常考单词 1. boast v. 自豪地拥有；（地方、机构等）自豪地拥有 考点 用法/示例 boast about/of He often boasts about his achievements. 他常夸耀自己的成就。 boast that… The city boasts that it has the best museum in the region. （注意）褒义用法 The hotel boasts a beautiful garden. 该酒店以美丽的花园而自豪。 boast后直接接宾语 She boasts a record of three Olympic gold medals. 2. be testimony to 是……的证明；表明 考点 用法/示例 结构： sth. be testimony to + n. 示例： The pyramids are testimony to the ancient Egyptians‘ engineering skills. 近义表达： bear witness to, evidence, proof 3. fade from 从……中逐渐消失 考点 用法/示例 fade from memory Gradually, the city faded from memory. fade away The sound of the music faded away. fade in/out （电影/音乐）淡入/淡出 4. bring…to life 使复活；使恢复生机 考点 用法/示例 结构： bring sth./sb. to life 示例： The Belt and Road Initiative is bringing the Silk Road to life again. 被动： The characters were brought to life by the actor’s performance. 5. strike a chord 引起共鸣 strike a chord with sb. Her words struck a chord with the audience. 她的话语引起了观众的共鸣。 拓展： strike a balance 达到平衡；strike a match 划火柴 6. keep a close eye on 密切关注 考点 用法示例 同义表达： keep a watchful eye on, pay close attention to 示例： Teachers should keep a close eye on students’ progress. 四．单元短语 .1．be testimony to 是……的证据/证明 2．date from追溯到 3．seal up封闭；密封 4．fade from...从……中消失 5．bring...to life使复苏；(使)变得生动 6．prior to在……之前；先于…… 7．be exposed to暴露于 8．keep an eye on照看，留神，留意 9．on the whole/to sum up/in short总之 10．strike a chord引起共鸣 11．tourist destination旅游胜地 12．get a better view看得更清楚 13．be unique to...为……所独有 14．reach a peak达到顶峰 15.．to name just a few仅举几例 16．one's passion for...某人对……的热爱 五．单元佳句 1. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. 解析：how引导宾语从句，体现敦煌作为沙漠绿洲带给旅人的震撼。该句中imagine + how从句结构是表达“某人只能想象……”的常用句式，可用于描写主观感受。 2. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. 解析：if引导条件状语从句，内含that引导定语从句和how引导宾语从句。这是课文中最具代表性的长难句之一，嵌套了状语从句、定语从句和宾语从句三种从句结构。 3. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. 解析：with复合结构和as if方式状语从句并用，生动描绘飞天形象。with的复合结构“with + 名词 + 现在分词”是描写画面感的有效句型。 4. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. 解析：完全倒装句式（介词短语提前，谓语were hidden置于主语前），用于强调存在或突出重要信息。该句型的典型结构为：方位/地点状语 + 系动词 + 主语。 5. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation, Dunhuang was the ideal place. 解析：Given that引导原因状语从句，意为“考虑到……；鉴于……”。Given在此为介词，常用在议论文和说明文中提出前提或背景条件。 六．单元语法 状语从句复习 一、状语从句的概述 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等关系。 二、状语从句的分类 1. 时间状语从句 连接词 用法说明 示例 when 可指时间段或时间点 When he arrived, we were having dinner. while 强调同时进行，常接延续性动词 While I was reading, he came in. as “一边……一边……”或“随着” As time goes on, he becomes more confident. before 在……之前 Think it over before you make a decision. after 在……之后 After he finished homework, he went to bed. since 自从……（主句用完成时） He has lived here since he was born. until/till 直到……才…… He didn’t leave until she came back. as soon as 一……就…… He started as soon as he received the news. every time 每次…… Every time I see her, she smiles at me. the moment 一……就…… The moment he saw me, he ran away. 2. 条件状语从句 连接词 用法说明 if 如果 unless 除非（=if not） as long as 只要 provided/providing 假如 in case 以防，万一 on condition that 在……条件下 3. 原因状语从句 连接词 用法说明 because 直接原因，语气最强 since 既然，已知原因 as 由于（语气较弱） for 因为（并列连词，不能置于句首） now that 既然 given that 考虑到…… 4. 让步状语从句 连接词 用法说明 注意 although/though 虽然 不与but连用 even if/even though 即使 强调让步程度 while 虽然（位于句首） 正式文体 as 虽然（需倒装） Poor as he is, he is happy. whatever/whenever/wherever 无论…… 引导让步状语从句 no matter + 疑问词 无论…… = wh- + ever 5. 结果状语从句 连接词 用法说明 示例 so…that 如此……以至于 He is so kind that everyone likes him. such…that 如此……以至于 It’s such a fine day that we go out. so that 以至于 He got up early so that he caught the bus. 6. 目的状语从句 连接词 用法说明 so that 以便，为了（从句常用may/might/can/could） in order that 为了 for fear that 唯恐，生怕 in case 以防 7. 方式状语从句 连接词 用法说明 as 像……一样，按照……方式 as if/as though 好像，仿佛（可用虚拟语气） 8. 地点状语从句 连接词 用法说明 where 在……地方 wherever 无论哪里 9. 比较状语从句 连接词 用法说明 as…as 和……一样 not as/so…as 不如…… than 比…… the more…the more… 越……越…… 三、状语从句的时态呼应 1. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 - I will tell him when he comes back. 2. 从属连词as soon as, immediately, the moment等引导的从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 3. since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 四、状语从句的倒装 1. as引导让步状语从句时，从句必须倒装： - Child as he is, he knows a lot.（名词前不用冠词） - Hard as he tried, he failed. 2. though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。 3. so that引导目的/结果状语从句不倒装。 七．单元写作 推荐文化亮点（电子邮件写作） 写作框架： 段落 写作要点 第一段 称呼与开头语，感谢对方来信，表达祝愿 第二段 推荐旅游目的地，阐述推荐理由（文化、历史、美食等） 第三段 详细介绍景点/活动，提供实用建议 第四段 表达期待，礼貌结尾，署名 常用词块： 1. cultural highlights 文化亮点 2. be located in 位于 3. be known/famous for 以……闻名 4. a must-see attraction 必看景点 5. be well worth visiting 非常值得参观 6. offer a glimpse into 提供一瞥……的机会 7. rich cultural heritage 丰富的文化遗产 8. UNESCO World Heritage site 联合国教科文组织世界遗产 9. a unique experience 独特的体验 10. be impressed by 对……印象深刻 11. historical significance 历史意义 12. breathtaking scenery 令人叹为观止的景色 常用句型： 1. I‘m writing to recommend… to you. 我写信向你推荐…… 2. There’s no better place to experience… than… 没有比……更好的地方来体验……了。 3. It‘s a place where you can… 这是一个你可以……的地方。 4. What impressed me most was… 给我印象最深的是…… 5. I strongly suggest that you should… 我强烈建议你应该…… 6. You will be amazed by the beauty of… 你会被……的美所震撼。 7. Not only can you enjoy…, but you can also… 你不仅可以欣赏……，还可以…… 8. Don’t miss the chance to… 不要错过……的机会。 9. I guarantee you will have an unforgettable experience. 我保证你会有一次难忘的体验。 10. You won‘t be disappointed. 你不会失望的。 电子邮件写作格式： Dear [Name], [正文段落1：开场白，感谢/回应对方的来信] [正文段落2：推荐目的地及核心理由] [正文段落3：详细介绍，给出建议] [正文段落4：结尾，表达期待] Best regards, [Your Name] 例文： Dear Selena, Thank you for your email. I’m so excited to hear that you‘re planning to visit China. I’d be more than happy to recommend some places for you. First and foremost, I strongly recommend Dunhuang, a city in Gansu Province. Located on the ancient Silk Road, Dunhuang was once a gateway where East met West. The Mogao Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are the city‘s greatest treasure. With more than 700 caves carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years, they feature breathtaking murals and statues that are testimony to the cultural exchange along the Silk Road. The Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”, depicted on the walls are incredibly lifelike and reflect the confidence and optimism of the Tang Dynasty. What’s more, you can explore the Crescent Lake and Mingsha Mountain, where you can ride camels and experience the beauty of the desert. The local food is also worth trying, especially the Lanzhou hand-pulled noodles. I promise you that a visit to Dunhuang will be an unforgettable experience. If you need more information, please let me know. I‘m looking forward to seeing you in China! Best regards, Jiang 仿写练习： 假设你的外国朋友Lucy计划来中国旅游，请你写一封电子邮件向她推荐一个你熟悉的城市或景点。 提示： 1. 推荐目的地及地理位置； 2. 介绍该地的文化亮点/自然风光； 3. 提供旅行建议； 4. 表达期待。 字数：100词左右。 Dear Lucy, Hearing that you are going to travel around China, I strongly recommend Xi’an to you. Located in northwest China, Xi’an is a time-honored ancient capital. It is home to the world-famous Terracotta Army and grand ancient city walls, where you can deeply feel Chinese traditional culture. Besides, delicious local snacks are absolutely worth tasting. I advise you to wear comfortable shoes while sightseeing. I’m really looking forward to your coming and being your guide. Wish you an unforgettable trip! Yours, Li Hua 一、单词拼写 1．China is well known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. Bamboo culture has already been r________ in Chinese minds through the long history. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】rooted/ooted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：中国以竹子王国而出名。众观历史，竹子文化已经根植于中国人的脑海里。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处意为“根植于”，故应用动词root，且根据空前的has been可知，此处应用过去分词形式，故填rooted。 2．The snow had m___________, but the lake was still frozen solid. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】melted/elted 【详解】考查。句意：雪已经融化了，但湖水仍然冻得很硬。分析句子，设空处应该填写过去分词与前文构成过去完成时。根据句意melt为动词，意为“融化”。故填melted。 3．The mechanics of the watch were far too ________ (复杂的) for me to understand. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】complicated/complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：手表的结构对我来说太复杂了，无法理解。“复杂的”为形容词complicated或complex，作表语。故填complicated/complex。 4．This report has been ______(审查) and approved by the leadership. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】examined 【详解】考查动词。句意：本报告经领导审批。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词examine“审查”，在句中作谓语动词。根据has been可知，本句话为现在完成时态的被动语态，所以空处填过去分词。故填examined。 5．Nowadays life is getting more ________and difficult than that in the past. （根据句意填空） 【答案】complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：现在的生活比过去更加复杂和困难。根据句意可知，空处填形容词complex作表语。故填complex。 6．No matter ______ attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论它们在商店里看起来多么有吸引力，一旦我把它们带回家，它们就会永远干燥，坚硬和无味。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需使用连词how修饰形容词attractive，构成no matter how 引导的让步状语从句。故填how。 7．U_____ (最终), my duty is helping every student to learn.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】Ultimately/ltimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：最终，我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填副词ultimately“最终”作状语，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Ultimately。 8．The c _____________ (商业的) future of the company looks very promising. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】commercial/ommercial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家公司的商业前景看起来很有希望。名词future前用形容词修饰。形容词“商业的”英文为commercial。根据中英文提示及句意，故填commercial。 二、单项选择 9．They ________ for this important exam day and night recently, so they ________ a good rest these days. A．have been preparing; deserve B．are preparing; deserved C．prepared; deserve D．have prepared; are deserving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们最近一直在为这场重要的考试日夜准备，所以这些天他们值得好好休息一下。第一空，根据时间状语recently可知，此处表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作，且可能还在进行，需用现在完成进行时have been doing；第二空，deserve意为“值得”，为状态动词，无进行时，结合these days可知，用一般现在时，主语they为复数，谓语动词用原形。 10．His first ________ at writing a novel was not very successful; but he didn’t give up. A．intention B．attempt C．effort D．ambition 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他第一次写小说的尝试不太成功；但他没有放弃。A. intention意图；B. attempt尝试；试图；C. effort努力；D. ambition抱负。此处是固定短语attempt at doing sth.，意为“尝试做某事”。B项符合句意。故选B。 11．Any ________ is required to fill in the form first. A．participate B．participates C．participant D．participation 【答案】C 【详解】考查词性和词义辨析。句意：任何参与者都必须先填写表格。分析各选项可知，A项和B项是动词“参与”；C项是名词“参与者”；D项是名词“参与”；再分析句意可知，此处用名词participant表示“参与者”符合语境。故选C项。 12．He made a good __________ to his new school. A．ambition B．participation C．presentation D．adaptation 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很好地适应了新学校的生活。A. ambition雄心；B. participation参与；C. presentation展示；D. adaptation适应。根据句意可知，该处指“他”进入新学校，快速地适应新环境。故选D。 13．The well-known works of the palace reflect the _________ of ancient sculpture and painting. A．admission B．approach C．charm D．attention 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词。句意：故宫的著名作品反映了古代雕塑和绘画的魅力。A.admission录取，进入； B.approach方法； C.charm魅力； D.attention注意。根据代入翻译，反映了古代雕塑和绘画的魅力(charm)。空格处填charm符合句意。故选C。 14．A new community sports center________beyond the river by the government now. A．is being built B．was built C．is building D．has built 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：政府现在正在河那边修建一个新的社区体育中心。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，主语A new community sports center与动词build之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；结合时间状语now可知，此处表示现在正在发生的事，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用单数，此处应用is being built。故选A项。 15．_________ the task seems extremely tough, we believe we can accomplish it with teamwork and perseverance. A．Since B．While C．Until D．Once 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：虽然这项任务看起来极其艰难，但我们相信通过团队合作和毅力我们可以完成它。A. Since 自从，因为；B. While 虽然，尽管（引导让步状语从句）；C. Until 直到；D. Once 一旦。根据“the task seems extremely tough (这项任务看起来极其艰难)”与“we believe we can accomplish it with teamwork and perseverance (我们相信通过团队合作和毅力我们可以完成它)”可知，前后句之间存在让步转折关系，因此使用 While 来引导让步状语从句。故选B 项。 16．_______ you make peace with who you are, you'll never be content with what you have. A．If B．Since C．When D．Until 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：除非你能和真实的自己和平相处,否则你永远不会对已拥有的东西感到满足。A. If如果；B. Since自从，因为；C. When当；D. Until直到。until和后面的否定词never构成固定结构not…until…“直到……才”,故选D项。 17．Mr Smith ______ a book, which will probably be completed next month. A．writes B．has written C．will be writing D．has been writing 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：史密斯先生一直在写一本书，可能下个月就能写完。根据“will probably be completed next month”可知，Mr Smith一直在写这本书，结合选项，应使用现在完成进行时态，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并还将继续下去。故选D项。 18．—Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? —Sorry. ______. A．It is repaired B．It is being repaired C．It has been repaired D．It had been repaired 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一下你的电脑吗？——对不起，电脑正在修理。由“Sorry”可知，此时不能用电脑，因为电脑正在被修理，表示“现在正在被……”，应用现在进行时的被动语态，即am/is/are being done，故选B。 三、语法填空 1. （2024·全国甲卷）The center ________ (set) up in 2018 to protect the area's unique ecosystem, and since then it has played a key role in wildlife conservation. 答案：was set 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态；时间状语in 2018提示过去时，主语center与set up是被动关系，故填was set。 2. （2024·新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the First Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态；Two years later（过去时间），主语pavilion与build是被动关系，用was+过去分词。 3. （2023·全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查情态动词的被动语态；情态动词can后接动词原形，form与employ是被动关系，故填be employed。 4. （2023·新课标II卷）As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查一般过去时；根据后文的grew（一般过去时）可知，描述过去的愿望，用一般过去时，故填wished。 5. （2022·全国乙卷）________ you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. 答案：When/While/As 解析：考查时间状语从句；空格处需填连词引导时间状语从句，意为“当你骑自行车时”，故填When/While/As均可。 6. （2022·浙江1月卷）He ________ (work) in this company since he graduated from college. He is now a manager. 答案：has worked 解析：考查现在完成时；时间状语since+过去时间点提示用现在完成时，主语he为单数，故填has worked。 7. （2021·全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s. 答案：until 解析：考查时间状语从句；固定搭配not...until...，意为“直到……才……”，符合句意，故填until。 8. （2021·新高考I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 答案：and 解析：考查并列连词（状语从句相关）；highlights和offers是并列谓语，用and连接，though引导让步状语从句。 9. （2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would ________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 答案：be chosen 解析：考查过去将来时的被动语态；would后接动词原形，主语he与choose是被动关系，故填be chosen。 10. （2020·全国甲卷）Over the past 20 years, the Internet ________ (change) the way people live, work and communicate with each other. 答案：has changed 解析：考查现在完成时；时间状语Over the past 20 years提示用现在完成时，主语Internet为单数，故填has changed。 11. （2019·全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we ________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 答案：were invited 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态；时间状语on the last day提示过去时，主语we与invite是被动关系，故填were invited。 12. （2019·全国II卷）I don’t know the exact number of the people who ________ (visit) the museum since it opened. 答案：have visited 解析：考查现在完成时；since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，先行词people为复数，故填have visited。 13. （2018·全国I卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 答案：is 解析：考查一般现在时；主句是客观事实陈述，用一般现在时，主语it为单数，故填is。 14. （2018·江苏卷）________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 答案：Unless 解析：考查条件状语从句；句意“除非你能睡好，否则一两晚后你会失去专注能力”，unless引导条件状语从句，表“除非”。 15. （2017·全国I卷）When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 答案：are removed 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态；when引导时间状语从句，主语fat and salt为复数，与remove是被动关系，故填are removed。 16. （2017·全国II卷）Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 答案：managed 解析：考查一般过去时；描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，manage的过去式为managed。 17. （2016·全国III卷）Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 答案：as/when 解析：考查时间状语从句；as/when均可引导时间状语从句，表“随着/当……时”，符合句意。 18. （2015·全国I卷）It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 答案：arrived 解析：考查一般过去时；when引导时间状语从句，主句was raining是过去进行时，从句用一般过去时表动作发生，故填arrived。 19. （2014·全国I卷）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil ________ (use) for cooking. 答案：are used 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态；every day提示一般现在时，主语vegetables and oil与use是被动关系，复数主语用are+过去分词。 20. （2013·全国II卷）I ________ (work) in a foreign trade company for five years. Still, I don’t regret giving up the well-paid job. 答案：worked 解析：考查一般过去时；描述过去持续了五年的工作经历，现在已不做，用一般过去时，故填worked。 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $