Unit5 Section2 Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language

名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词，在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中的不同语法功能，名词性从句又可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、that与whether/if引导的名词性从句

1．that引导的名词性从句

that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，本身无意义，可引导所有的名词性从句。that 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时通常不能省略，引导宾语从句时有时可以省略。

◆Smith said that he was setting out for London next week.

史密斯说他下周动身去伦敦。

◆The fact that he has fully recovered makes me happy.

他完全康复的事实让我很高兴。

◆The advice that a meeting (should) be held was agreed by most of us.

应该开会的建议得到了我们大多数人的赞同。

◆Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.

现代科学已经给出了明确的证据——吸烟会导致很多疾病。

动词后跟有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that可以省略，从第二个从句开

始that 不可省略。

◆The teacher told the students(that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.

老师告诉学生们要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。

2．whether/if引导的名词性从句

(1)whether和 if本身有意义，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分。

(2)whether可引导所有名词性从句，if主要引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。

(3)whether与 if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换，但下列情况下宜用whether：

①后面直接跟or not 时；

②位于介词后引导宾语从句时。

◆I'm not sure whether/if you remember who I am.

我不确定你是否记得我是谁。

◆Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。

◆I was not interested in whether they could cook or not.

我对他们是否会做饭不感兴趣。

动词 doubt意为“怀疑、不知道”时，在肯定句中后接 whether/if从句；在否定句或疑问句中后接that从句。

◆I agree with it in principle but I doubt whether/if it will happen in practice.

我原则上是同意它的，但我怀疑在实践中它是否会发生。

◆There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.

毫无疑问我们做得对。

[即时演练1]——用适当的连接词填空

(1)Knowing some tips will help ensure  that  you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.

(2)Their responses to the questions reflected their true belief  that  “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”

(3)If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell”  whether  you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something.

(4)The good news is  that  it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.

二、连接代词引导的名词性从句

引导名词性从句的连接代词有what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever等，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

◆Do you know whom they are looking for?

你知道他们在找谁吗？

◆Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

我们的老师总是告诫我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情和我们自己。

◆Whoever breaks the law should be punished.

任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。

 [即时演练2]——用适当的连接词填空

(1)A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood  what  they were being asked.

(2)　What  is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes.

(3)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish  whatever  I put my mind to.

(4)I'm not sure  who  is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

(5)The gold medal will be awarded to  whoever  wins the first place in the bicycle race.

三、连接副词引导的名词性从句

引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，whenever，where，wherever，why，how等，均在从句中作状语。

◆When we shall meet again is unknown.

我们什么时候会再见面是未知的。

◆A good friend of mine from where I was born visited me right before I left for Beijing.

就在我去北京之前，一个来自我出生地的好朋友来拜访我。