Unit4 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 原文呈现 Business Blossoms 1 As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead①， which was caused partly② by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.【1】 They stared back, their blank③ faces giving no clue as to④ what they would say next.【2】 Feeling dizzy⑤， Zhang Yue took a deep breath⑥ as she struggled⑦ to finish her presentation，“And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into⑧ a successful one.” 【1】本句包含which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语；句中的“running down her forehead”为v­ing短语作后置定语，修饰sweat。 【2】本句中的“their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next”为独立主格结构，表示伴随的动作，v­ing短语的逻辑主语是their blank faces；句中的what they would say next为what引导的宾语从句，作as to的宾语。 2 Now chairwoman⑨ of her own company, Zhang Yue is fond of saying, “The early bird catches the worm.” The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio.【3】 Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of⑩ rose plants. In an hour, these fields will be full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise. “It has to be done then，” says Zhang.“These flowers are delicate⑪.” 【3】本句是主从复合句，其中包含where引导的定语从句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语；a world away from any television studio是valley的同位语。 3 Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up⑫ doing. Surrounded by roses as she was growing up【4】， she paid them little attention. It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential⑬.【5】“Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild⑭.” 【4】画线部分为过去分词结构作原因状语，其中包含了as引导的时间状语从句。 【5】本句为强调句，强调时间状语only after graduating...her parents。 4 Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，” she said.“But I also wanted to give something back to⑮ my home town. As people say, ‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”【6】 【6】本句是一个主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，As指代主句的内容；It takes...child中，It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to raise a child。 5 She is not the only young person to have been bitten by⑯ the start­up bug⑰.All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising⑱ young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of⑲ getting investment and advice, and they have the same passion⑳ and devotion. The majority meet with rejection. A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all­important input and support from more experienced business people. The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.【7】 【7】画线部分为with复合结构作状语。 6 As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today【8】．“The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. Few in the village believed I could create a multi­million yuan business from flowers，” says Zhang.“After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. It was only then that the locals began to believe me.【9】 Now my product is one of the best in Asia. This year, I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus.” 【8】画线部分是省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，关系词在从句中作表语。 【9】本句是一个强调句，强调时间状语only then。 7 Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things【10】． 【10】画线部分包含that引导的宾语从句，作advises的宾语。此处advise表示“建议”，故其后所跟的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。 8 “I love running my own business, but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang.“To succeed in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination. What really matters【11】 is a sound business plan, access to capital， and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all, don't be too ambitious. You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.” 【11】画线部分为What引导的主语从句，这样的结构可以避免“头重脚轻”，也能让语言表达更加简洁、清晰，同时还有强调主语的功能。 名师圈点 ①forehead/'fɒrId/n.[C]额，前额 ②partly/'pɑːtli/adv.部分地，一定程度上 ③blank/blæŋk/adj.熟词生义　无表情的，木然的 ④as to关于，至于 ⑤dizzy/'dIzi/adj.头晕目眩的 ⑥take a deep breath深呼吸 ⑦struggle vi.奋斗，努力，争取 struggle to do sth努力做某事 struggle for...为……奋斗 ⑧turn...into...使……变成…… ⑨chairwoman n．[C]女董事长，女主席 ⑩row upon row of...一排排的…… ⑪delicate/'delIkət/脆弱的；精美的；(颜色)柔和的 ⑫end up最终成为 end up doing sth以做某事告终 ⑬potential/pə'tenʃ(ə)l/n.[U](事物的)潜力，可能性 ⑭grow wild(植物)自发生长，野生 The plants grow wild along the banks of the river.沿河两岸生长着野生植物。 ⑮give sth back to将某物归还，将某物送回 ⑯be bitten by sth 对某事物着迷，热衷于某事物 ⑰the start­up bug创业狂热 bug/bʌɡ/n.[sing.]突然的兴趣，迷恋 She was never interested in fitness before but now she's been bitten by the bug.她以前从来不在乎健身，现在她却着了迷。 ⑱enterprising/'entəpraIzIŋ/adj.有事业心的；有进取心的；有创业精神的 ⑲in the hope of...抱着……的希望 ⑳passion n．[C，U]强烈情感，激情；[C]酷爱 meet with rejection遭到拒绝 rejection/rI'dʒekʃn/n.[C，U]拒绝接受，否决；拒绝 all­important input极重要的投入 all­important adj.极重要的 input/'Inpʊt/n.[C，U]投入(物) entrepreneur/ˌɒntrəprə'nɜː(r)/n.创业者，企业家 entrepreneurial adj.具有创业精神的，创业的 entrepreneurial spirit创业精神 obstacle/'ɒbstək(ə)l/n.[C]障碍，阻碍，妨碍 obstacle to (doing) sth(做)某事的障碍 nurse vt.熟词生义　培育，培养，悉心照料 He spent all his time nursing these tender young plants.他将所有的时间都用来悉心照料那些嫩苗。 at the initial phase在初始阶段 phase n．[C]阶段，时期 multi­million数百万的 [构词法]multi­常用于构成名词和形容词，表示“多个，许多”。常见的词还有multicultural(多元文化的)，multimedia(多媒体的)，multinational(跨国的)，multipurpose(多用途的)。 manufacturer/ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃ(ə)rə/n.[C]制造商；制造公司，制造厂 purchase/'pɜːtʃəs/vt.购买，采购，买 distribution/ˌdIstrI'bjuːʃ(ə)n/n.[U]熟词生义　(商品的)分销，经销 decent/'diːsnt/adj.相当不错的 bonus/'bəʊnəs/n.[C]资金，红利 welcome vt.熟词生义　乐意接纳，欣然接受 I'd welcome any suggestions.任何建议我都会愉快地接受。 seek guidance 寻求指导 guidance/'gaId(ə)ns/n.[U]指导，引导；导航 consultant/kən'sʌltənt/n.[C]顾问 consult vt.&vi.咨询，请教 rush into(doing)sth仓促行事，匆忙行事 sound adj.合理的，明智的，正确的 access to...获得/使用……的机会 access/'ækses/n.[U](使用或见到的)机会；通道 capital/'kæpItl/n.[sing.]熟词生义资金，资本 negotiating skills谈判技巧 negotiate/nI'gəʊʃieIt/vi.谈判 ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的 limit n．[C]限度，限制；极限；界限 译文参考 创业之花 1 发言时，张悦把手放在背后，以掩饰它们的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的这四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人对他们接下来会说什么毫无头绪。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使我这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。” 2 张悦现在是自己公司的董事长，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后这些田地里将会挤满人，在日出前快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采。”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。” 3 张悦以前从未想过自己最后会做这一行。她从小到大，身边到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”她说，“玫瑰在这个地方自然生长。” 4 因此，张悦决定回到家乡并种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验当自己老板的自由。”她说，“但同时我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说：‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。’” 5 她并不是唯一一个着迷于创业的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议。而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数会遭到拒绝，但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。 6 作为一个在农村长大的人。张悦已经了解作物种植了。不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多，为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验范围。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。” 7 看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。她尽管希望看到新的创业精神，但也建议人们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。 8 “我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。”张悦说，“要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划，获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，野心不要太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说，那会是个挑战。” Ⅰ.重点词汇 ●核心单词 1．　forehead n．额，前额 2．　blank adj.无表情的，木然的 3．　dizzy adj.头晕目眩的 4．　chairwoman n．女主席；女会长 5．　input n．投入(物) 6．　phase n．阶段，时期 7．　purchase v．购买 8．　bonus n．奖金，红利 ●拓展词汇 9．　potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜在地 10．　enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的→enterprise n．公司→entrepreneurial adj.创业的，具有创业精神的 11．　distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销→distribute v．分发；分销；分配→distributor n．分销商 12．　guidance n．指导，引导→guide v．指导，指引 n．导游 13．　consultant n．顾问→consult v．咨询；商量 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　as to 关于，至于 2．　a world away from... 一个远离……的世界 3．　row upon row　鳞次栉比的 4．　be bitten by the...bug 爱上……；喜欢上…… 5．　start out　开始； 出发； 着手进行 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．独立主格结构 They stared back，　their blank faces giving no clue　(他们面无表情，毫无头绪) as to what they would say next. 2．强调句型 (1)　It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that　(直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时) Zhang realised the potential. (2)　It was only then that　(直到那时) the locals began to believe me. 3．It takes sth to do sth“做某事需要……” As people say，“　It takes a village to raise a child　(养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量).” 4．advise后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants　(人们要现实一些并且寻求专业顾问的指导) before rushing into things. What's mainly talked about in the passage? A．The development of rose cause. B．Entrepreneurship and challenges. C．Zhang Yue's entrepreneurial experience. D．The interview with Zhang Yue. 答案　C Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What does the saying imply in paragraph 2? A．To succeed, you have to seize the opportunity and act early. B．To pick the flowers before sunrise, you need to get up early. C．To make a success of the business, you need to face many challenges. D．To become a successful entrepreneur, you need to learn as much as possible. 2．Why did Zhang Yue decide to return to her home town after graduation? A．To take care of her parents. B．To help her parents grow roses. C．To surprise local villagers. D．To start a business to benefit her home town. 3．What was the main challenge for Zhang Yue's business at first? A．To persuade people to work for her business. B．To get investment and the all­important input. C．To get support from more experienced business people. D．To know her own limits and those of the people she works with. 4．Which of the following can best describe Zhang's attitude towards the young people starting business? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Favorable. D．Disapproval. 答案　1－4　ADAA 1．细读课文并找出采用引用修辞法的句子 (1)　Now chairwoman of her own company, Zhang Yue is fond of saying, “The early bird catches the worm.”　 (2)　As people say, “It takes a village to raise a child.”　 2．细读课文并找出肢体动作描写的句子 (1)　As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. (2)　They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.　 (3)　Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation，“And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”　 [核心词汇] 1．blank　adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的；空的n.空格，空白处 [经典例句] They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人对他们接下来会说什么毫无头绪。 (1)go blank(脑子里)突然一片空白 fill in the blanks填表/填空 (2)blankly adv.茫然地；毫无表情地 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1) When you've filled in the blanks, hand the form back to our teacher. (2)To my surprise, my father looked at me blankly　(blank) when he saw the result of the examination. (3)The professor could tell by the blank look　(茫然的表情) on Maria's face that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture. [写美]——续写佳句 (4)约翰考试的时候太紧张了，以至于脑子里一片空白。 John was so nervous during the exam that his mind went blank　. 2．potential　n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.可能的，潜在的 [经典例句] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。 (1)the potential for (doing) sth(做)某事的可能性/潜在性 have the potential to do sth有做某事的潜力 realise/achieve one's (full) potential发挥某人的(全部)潜力 (2)potentially adv. 潜在地 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)History has the potential to break　(break) down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. (2) People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke. (3)A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could potentially　(potential) benefit many countries.　 (4)As a good teacher, she uses different ways to encourage her students to realise/achieve their full potential(　发挥他们的全部潜力). 3．start out　开始(生活、职业、重要阶段)；出发，启程；起初/最初是…… [经典例句] However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. 然而，就像任何一个刚刚起步的企业家一样，她还有很多东西要学。 start off(＝start out)出发；启程；起先 start up创立；组建；启动；发动 start with(＝begin with)以……开始 to start with(＝to begin with)首先，起初 [练通]——用start的相关短语填空 (1)We need to start out/off early because the journey will take six hours. (2)　Starting up your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence. (3)What started out as a part­time job soon became a full­time occupation. (4) Positive body language conveys the impression that you are confident and relaxed.So start with a firm handshake and a genuine smile when greeting the interviewer. 4．guidance　n．指导，引导 [经典例句] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议人们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。 (1)seek/ask for guidance from sb 向某人寻求指导 provide guidance提供指导 under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下 (2)guide vt.引路；指导 n．指南；手册；向导 guide sb to/through/around...带某人到/穿过/参观…… [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)The second group did high­intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. (2)The shop assistant guided the boy to the shelf where the historical novels were displayed. (3) I think you should seek guidance from　(向……寻求指导) your lawyer on this matter. [重点句型] ●强调句型 [经典例句] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。 It was only then that the locals began to believe me. 直到那时本地人才开始相信我。 句中“It was...that...”是强调句型，强调时间状语。 (1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分； (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分？ (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其余部分？ (4)not...until...的强调句型：It is/was not until...that... [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. (2) It was Mr Liu who/that made me aware of the importance of learning English well. (3)When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? [写美]——一句多译 (4)我们7点出发。直到一个小时后，我们才到达目的地。 ①We set out at 7 am.　Not until an hour later did we reach our destination　.(not until倒装句) ②We set out at 7 am.　It was not until an hour later that we reached our destination.　(强调句) 强调谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。 Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．　career development　职业发展；职业规划 2．　(be) in full­time employment　在从事全职工作 3．　start a business　创业 4．　take a deep breath　深吸一口气 5．　struggle to do sth　努力做某事 6．　pick the flowers　摘花 7．　end up doing sth (尤指经历一系列意料之外的事情后)最终做某事 8．　grow wild　自然生长 9．　raise a child　养育/抚养一个孩子 10．　an increasing number of　越来越多的…… 11．　enterprising young people　有创业精神/事业心/进取心的年轻人 12．　the growing economy　正在增长的经济 13．　in the hope of doing sth　抱着做某事的希望 14．　meet with rejection　遭到拒绝 15．　the all­important input and support　极其重要的投入和支持 16．　the road to success　成功之路 17．　overcome an obstacle　克服障碍 18．　nurse sb's business　精心照料/打理某人的生意 19．　at the initial phase　在初始阶段 20．　outside sb's experience　超出某人的经验范围 21．　mixed feelings/emotions　复杂/矛盾的心情/情绪 22．　the entrepreneurial spirit　创业精神 23．　rush into　急于…… 24．　run a business　经营一家企业 25．　a sound business plan　合理的/正确的商业计划 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks of their draft and writing revisions in the blank (空白的) space. 2．As a good teacher, she uses different ways to encourage her students to achieve their full potential　(潜力). 3．The teacher always tells us that we should stay calm and follow the guidance　(指导) if we hear the fire alarm. 4．我想知道究竟是什么原因让他刚才如此激动。 I wonder what on earth it was that made him so excited just now. 5．罗伯特是个非常外向的爱尔兰裔美国人，他起初是个推销员。 Robert was a very outgoing Irish­American who had started out as a salesman　. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$