Unit2 Section2 Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 一、被动语态的构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成：系动词be＋过去分词。在被动语态中，by 后常跟动作的执行者。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 1．被动语态的时态、形式(以动词do为例) 时态形式 构成 例句 现在时 一般式 am/is/are done A friend is never known till a man has need.[谚语] 患难识挚友。 进行式 am/is/are being done He has to go to work on foot because his car is being repaired.他的车正在修理中，因此，他得步行上班。 完成式 has /have been done I have been told that we will move to the new school next month.我被告知下个月我们将搬去新校。 过去时 一般式 was/were done All the students were inspired by the inspiring speech.所有的学生都被这场鼓舞人心的演讲鼓舞了。 进行式 was/were being done The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 完成式 had been done When we got there the work had been finished.我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 将来时 一般式 will/shall be done The school sports meeting will be held next week.校运动会将在下星期举行。 过去式 would/ should be done The teacher told us that a new experiment would be performed the next day.老师告诉我们第二天有一个新的实验要做。 2.被动语态的特殊情况 (1)情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。 ◆Nowadays, solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。 (2)不定式的被动语态 ①一般式(to be done)：表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其(几乎)同时发生。 ②完成式(to have been done)：表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 ◆The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。 ◆The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这本书已被译成多种语言。 [即时演练1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)The GPNP is designed　(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”． (2)It was built　(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (3)The artist was sure he would be chosen　(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. (4)—The machine is working again! —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it has been fixed　(fix). (5)My washing machine is being repaired　(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1．谓语动词的主动表示被动 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 ◆Whether we can have a holiday next week remains unknown. 我们还不知道下周能否放假。 (2)当open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆That kind of shirt cleans easily. 那种衬衫容易洗干净。 ◆This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．非谓语动词的主动表被动 (1)在 want，need，require等少数表示“需要”的动词后用动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 ◆The house needs cleaning(＝to be cleaned). 这所房子需要打扫。 ◆This wall requires repairing(＝to be repaired). 这面墙需要修理。 (2)某些作表语的形容词(如easy, hard, difficult等)后，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆He is easy to get along with.很好相处。 ◆This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。 [即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)I need to go　(go) home now, because my coat need mending　(mend). (2)After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional.It needed sharing/to be shared　(share) in public. (3)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain)around that level ever since. (4)The bag was very heavy to carry　(carry), so the boy had to ask his father to help. 三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题 1．不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不能用于被动语态的动词(短语)：appear，belong，disappear，come true，happen/take place/occur，remain(剩余)，last(持续)，break out，come out(出版)，come up(提出)，lose heart，run out(用完)。 2．在主动语态里，动词see，make，hear，watch，notice等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to。 ◆They made him go there alone. →He was made to go there alone by them. 他们让他独自去那里。 3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。 ◆We gave him the letter.＝He was given the letter by us.＝The letter was given to him by us. 我们把那封信给他了。 4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类动词短语(如look after，put on)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。 ◆She often looks after the old. →The old are often looked after by her. 她经常照看老人。 [即时演练3]——将下列句子改为被动语态 (1)She bought her mother a new coat. →　Her mother was bought a new coat by her. →　A new coat was bought for her mother by her. 　(2)We should make full use of our spare time to develop our interests. →　Our spare time should be made full use of to develop our interests. 　(3)I heard him sing in the classroom after school. →　He was heard to sing in the classroom after school by me. [核心词汇] ●stick to　坚持 [经典例句] You'll never get your dream job as a market analyst if you don't stick to it. 如果你不坚持，你永远也不会得到你梦想的工作——市场分析师。 stick out 伸出，突出 stick with继续做/使用；不放弃 be/get stuck in...被困在…… [练通]——单句语法填空 (1) Though stuck　(stick) in the traffic jam, he was still in high spirits at the thought of the coming holiday. (2)More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. (3)Now that you have made your promise，you are supposed to stick to it. [写美]——续写佳句 (4)我经过时，他伸出腿来想把我绊倒。 As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up. [重点句型] ●现在分词(短语)作结果状语 [经典例句] In China, a man from Jiangsu Province graduated from university at the age of 88, making him the oldest university graduate in the country. 在中国，江苏省一位88岁的老人从大学毕业，使他成为全国年龄最大的大学毕业生。 (1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示意料之中、自然而然的结果，分词前可加thus以示强调；常位于句末，用逗号与主句隔开； (2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料或不好的结果，其前常加only表示强调。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations, greatly reducing　(reduce) waterfowl habitat. (2) Tom jumped into the house with joy，only to find　(find) the house empty. [写美]——句式升级 (3)Online learning itself has some imperfections, and makes it difficult for us not to be affected. →Online learning itself has some imperfections，　making it difficult for us not to be affected　.(现在分词作状语) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The more regularly they can be inspected　(inspect), the more railway safety, reliability and on­time performance will be improved (improve). 2．Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — is viewed/has been viewed (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 3．Currently, about 35，000 works are being displayed　(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 4．The parts of a museum open to the public are called　(call) galleries or rooms. 5．And, as more children were born, more food was needed　(need). 6．The woman was walking about outside the operation room, because her son was being operated　(operate) on. 7．They are trying to make sure that the project will be finished　(finish) by deadline. 8．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped　(trap) in the mountains for two days. 9．Children younger than 12 would be allowed　(allow) only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day, and after 9 p．m., they would be banned from logging on (登录), said Tencent. 10．The opinion that learning is a lifelong process has been expressed　(express) by education experts throughout the years. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。 Something must be done to stop/keep/prevent the water from being polluted. 2．人们经常听到这个女孩在房间里快乐地唱歌。 The girl is/was often heard to sing happily in her room. 3．去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。 　Many trees and flowers were planted in our school last year, which made our school a beautiful garden. 4．下周我们学校将举办一系列以与自然和谐相处为主题的教育活动。 A series of educational activities will be held in our school with the theme of living in harmony with nature in the coming week. 5．放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。 After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated　. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The little home was painted　(paint) white.It was sweet and fresh. 2．This course is designed　(design) for beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice. 3．Don't worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid　(repay) later in life. 4．The beauty of the views couldn't be imagined　(imagine) and they left me with many great memories. 5．The snow lasted a week, resulting　(result) in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. 6．Amy，as well as her brothers, was given (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 7．Experiments of this kind had been conducted　(conduct) in both the U．S.and Europe well before the World War Ⅱ. 8．What impresses me most is that my parents will always motivate me to stick to/with my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 9．He said the work would be finished　(finish) in half an hour with the help of classmates. 10．The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains　(remain) now. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．很难预测将来的生活是怎样的。 What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict　. 2．这位著名的音乐家被邀请在冬奥会的开幕式上表演。 The famous musician was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics. 3．上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 His newly­written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. 4．天气太干燥了。这些花需要浇水。 It's too dry.These flowers want/require/need watering/to be watered　. 5．下星期日将在学校礼堂举行一次关于中国历史的讲座。 A talk on Chinese history will be given in the school hall next Sunday. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 Have you ever heard of Jules Verne? Actually, he 1.　is considered　(consider) to be an important author in France and most of European countries.Jules Verne was interested in science and literature from an early age.In 1847, Jules Verne 2.　was sent (send) by his family to study law at a university in Paris, but he preferred to write novels, poems and plays, especially adventure stories.His first adventure novel, Five Weeks In a Balloon, 3.　was published　(publish) in 1863 and won popularity immediately.Actually, his writing career lasted for more than 40 years.Up to now, his books 4.　have been translated　(translate) into hundreds of languages, making him the second most translated author in the world.His creations 5.　have been recognized　(recognize) as an inspiration for many scientists and inventors for many years.Although Jules Verne passed away in 1905, he 6.　will be remembered　(remember) forever by the readers. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I never thought I'd hear myself say it, but I've grown to enjoy lifting weights, and I've learned something from doing it.I enjoy the sense of strength and discipline that comes when the muscles are forced to resist.I've tried varying schedules—lifting every day, every other day, two days on and a day off.The every day approach is the least effective.I get the best strengthening results when I give myself a break. The same is true with mind and spirit.Without giving a chance to reenergize yourself, you begin to break down all the connective fibers of your life.I used to just give myself Sundays off.Now I'm scheduling rest time in the midst of everything—and “everything” includes reading two magazines, building a house in Hawaii, working on an ABC movie—and，oh yeah, my day job.Keeping it all straight was beginning to feel a little stressful.So I told myself that just because I have ten free minutes on my calendar doesn't mean I want to fill them.Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine. So instead of having people lined up outside my office after the first show—I tape two a day—I do nothing for at least ten minutes.The change has worked wonders.I have more energy, and I'm in a better mood for the second show and all the business that comes afterward. Now that I have the summer off to sit under the trees reading, napping, writing and thinking, I know for sure it's time well spent.I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come, fully restored. [语篇解读]　本文是夹叙夹议文。作者在训练举重的过程中发现，通过调整日程安排可以达到更好的训练效果。由此作者联想到这也同样适用于人的思维和精神层面，适度的休息与调整可以产生更好的效果。 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To arouse readers' concern. B．To summarize the whole passage. C．To state the importance of a good lifestyle. D．To introduce the theme of the whole passage. 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题是适度调整与休息能帮助人走得更远。根据文章第一段的内容可知，作者提及自己训练举重的过程与经历，在尝试了多种训练日程安排后发现，每日训练的训练方式效果最差；而给自己休息时间的训练方式更加有效，从而引出本文的主题。故选D。 答案　D 2．Which of the following does the author agree with? A．Keeping everything straight. B．Resting at any time. C．Taking breaks between tasks. D．Having a full schedule. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Now I'm scheduling rest time in the midst of everything” “Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine.”可推知，作者认为完成一项任务再进行下一项任务前可以休息。故选C。 答案　C 3．What does the underlined word“it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Everything. B．Building a house. C．My day job. D．Working on a movie. 解析　代词指代题。根据文章第二段中的“Now I'm scheduling rest time in the midst of everything”及it所在句可推知，此处it泛指各种各样的事情。故选A。 答案　A 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Lifting weights changes people's life. B．A little restoration helps go a long way. C．Why people need to be in high spirits. D．Ten minutes' break will help you relax. 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章尾段中的“I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come, fully restored.”和文章的其他内容可知，本文主要是通过作者的亲身经历总结得出结论：一些休整时间可以帮助人做好准备，走得更远。故选B。 答案　B B I once complained to my friend Mike, “I often cycle for two miles from my house to the town center but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.” He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought that all those people who pay money to go to a gym sit on stationary exercise bicycles while I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote, “Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.Only through the experience of trials and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired, and success achieved.” One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans.He was an inspiration to others during the war.He said, “Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that.That's nonsense.Make up your mind, and you'll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything.Go to school, and join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never ever let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.” The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common thread is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.They took up the challenge.They won.Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。生活中，决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。虽然我们不能避免逆境，但是我们可以选择面对它的态度。 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage? A．Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people's health. B．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise. C．One who wants to achieve success can't expect to live an easy life. D．People's attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.”可知，一个想要成功的人不能期望过轻松的生活，选项C符合题意。故选C。 答案　C 6．What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．A bad workman quarrels with his tools. C．If you risk nothing, you will have nothing. D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段所引用的Douglas Bader的话“Don't listen to anyone...or impossible.”可知Douglas Bader阐明了自己的观点，即“不要听任何人说你不能做这个或那个，下定决心，去任何你想去的地方，但绝对不要让人使你相信事情太困难或者是不可能的”，这与D项“Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.(世上无难事，只要肯登攀。)”意境吻合，故选D。A：失败是成功之母；B：拙匠常怨工具差；C：不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 答案　D 7．What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph? A．What great people have in common. B．Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble. C.What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face. D．How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.(然而，你如何改变自己对逆境的态度仍然是个问题。)”可知，作者接下来会谈论“如何改变你对困难的态度”。故选C。 答案　C 8．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Nothing is impossible B．Life is full of adversity C．Face difficulties with a smile D．Different attitudes towards misfortune 解析　主旨大意题。本文介绍了名人对待逆境的态度，围绕“面对逆境我们应持乐观的态度”这一话题展开论述，所以C项“Face difficulties with a smile(笑对逆境)”适合作为本文标题。 答案　C Ⅱ.七选五 Reactions to Disappointments No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments. 1 They tend to react to it in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointments as a chance to grow. One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.For example, Helen, a woman trying to win a promotion, works hard for over a year in her department, anticipating getting a good result. 2 Deeply depressed and in despair, Helen loses her love of her job. 3 Jamal fails to get into the college his brother is attending, the college that was the focus of all his dreams, and decides to escape his disappointment.He covers up his real feelings by giving up his schoolwork and getting completely busy with friends, parties, and “good times”． The positive way to react to disappointments is to use them as a chance of growth.This isn't easy, but it's the only useful way to deal with an unavoidable part of life. 4 If her boss doesn't recognize her talent and hard work, perhaps she could move to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she would be sure to get the next promotion. 5 Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person, out of his brother's shadow, and realize that being turned down by one college isn't a final judgment on his abilities or potential. Disappointments are unwelcome but a regular visitor to everyone's life.Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life. A．Jamal should check out other schools. B．Instead, Jamal doesn't worry about college instinctively at all. C．However, the boss names one of Helen's co­workers to the spot. D．Another negative reaction to disappointments is the desire to escape. E．Strangely, though, most people seem unprepared for disappointments. F．Helen could have handled her disappointment by looking at other choices. G．All the other employees tell Helen she is the one who deserves the promotion. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章论述了在生活中，人们应该以积极的心态面对失望，把失望当作成长的机会，而不是选择沮丧和逃避。 1．解析　设空处与上下文构成的逻辑顺序为：没有人的一生不经历许多失望→ 1 → 他们倾向于以消极的方式回应。分析选项可知，E项“然而，奇怪的是，大多数人似乎都对失望毫无准备。”与上文形成转折，同时引出下文对“他们”的介绍，承上启下，符合语境。E项中的“though”表明上下文构成转折关系，E项中的“seem unprepared”与下文中的“in negative ways”照应。故选E。 答案　E 2．解析　设空处与上下文构成的逻辑顺序为：海伦想要获得晋升，她在她的部门努力工作了一年多，期望得到一个好结果→ 2 →海伦情绪低落，失去了对工作的热爱。分析选项可知，C项“然而，老板任命海伦的一个同事担任这一职位。”与上文形成转折，表明海伦并没有得到想要的结果，同时引出下文知道结果后海伦的表现，与下文构成因果关系，承上启下，符合语境。故选C。C项中的“However”表明上下文构成转折关系。 答案　C 3．解析　设空处位于段首，根据上一段主旨句“One negative reaction to disappointments is depression.”及设空处位置推测其是本段主旨句。本段讲述了贾马尔没有考上理想的大学就选择了逃避，放弃了学业，一天到晚吃喝玩乐的故事，分析选项可知D项“另一个对待失望的消极反应是想要逃避。”与本段主要内容一致，且与上一段主旨句句式统一，适合作为本段主旨句。D项中的“Another negative reaction to disappointments”与上一段主旨句中的“One negative reaction to disappointments”照应；D项中的关键词“escape”与下文中的“escape”属于原词复现。故选D。 答案　D 4．解析　根据下文中的“perhaps she could move to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance”可知，F项“海伦本可以通过看看其他的选择来处理她的失望。”符合语境，下文是对F项提到的“其他选择”的具体介绍。“other choices”是关键词，与下文构成总分关系。故选F。 答案　F 5．解析　设空处后讲的是贾马尔的事，是给贾马尔提供的建议，分析选项可知A项“贾马尔应该看看其他学校。”是一个建议，与下文介绍的这条建议的好处一致，符合语境。A项中的关键词“other schools”与下文中的“another college”相呼应。故选A。 答案　A Ⅲ.语法填空 Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season.Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1. (find) a deeper appreciation for this season. The change of leaf colors is a common reason given 2. the love of fall.Each tree reacts 3. (different) to the change of the season.Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other 4. (tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter.This effect 5. (call) the flight­or­fight response. Fall is a time of 6. (reflect) and preparation for the year ahead.I have found a meaning of fall for me.I'm 7. 18­year­old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress.There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps 8. (move).The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn't stop growing so I have to learn to keep up. The meaning of fall is different for each person.I encourage you 9. (go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover 10. fall means to you. [语篇解读]　作者喜欢秋天这个季节，不仅因为树叶颜色的变化，而且秋天也是对未来一年的思考和准备的时刻。 1．解析　考查动词的时态。 分析句子成分可知，该句主语为I，谓语为and连接的两个并列谓语动词。故填found。 答案　found　 2．解析　考查固定短语。the reason for ...意为“……的原因”，故填for。 答案　for　 3．解析　考查副词。分析句子成分可知此处应填副词，修饰动词reacts。故填differently。 答案　differently　 4．解析　考查名词复数。other后接名词复数，此处tree应用复数形式。故填trees。 答案　trees　 5．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由题干可知，动词call和主语This effect之间是被动关系，时态是一般现在时。故填is called。 答案　is called　 6．解析　考查名词。of是介词，后接名词，空处与preparation并列，故填reflection。 答案　reflection　 7．解析　考查冠词。此处泛指一位18岁男孩，18­year­old的读音以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故填an。 答案　an　 8．解析　考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，故填moving。 答案　moving　 9．解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to go。 答案　to go　 10．解析　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处用来引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中充当宾语，意为“什么”，故填what。 答案　what 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$