Unit1 Section3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 原文呈现 The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged① in a yellow wood， And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth②【1】； Then took the other, as just as fair③， And having perhaps the better claim， Because it was grassy④ and wanted wear⑤； Though as for⑥ that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same， And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden⑦ black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to⑧ way， I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh⑨ Somewhere ages and ages hence⑩： Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by【2】， And that has made all the difference⑪. 【1】画线部分为where引导的宾语从句。 【2】画线部分为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于which was less traveled by。 1 Lines⑫ from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted⑬ in speeches of all kinds. The poem has been set to music⑭ by a number of artists and used in numerous⑮ television commercials⑯. It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time⑰， not only because of its natural style, but also because of its thoughtful⑱ insights⑲ into human nature⑳. 2 When reading The Road Not Taken【3】， one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize how our lives progress and change. The lines “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，/ And sorry I could not travel both” give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to make. Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. These range from the basic“What should I wear today？” to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation【4】. Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems， when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.【5】 【3】画线部分为“连词＋现在分词短语”作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。 【4】画线部分为由or连接的两个并列的“what＋不定式”结构作宾语。 【5】本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中包含一个which引导的宾语从句。 3 Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.【6】 Once we make a decision, in most circumstances， there is no going back. Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so.【7】 Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been【8】． 【6】句中Whether big or small作状语，相当于Whether our choices are big or small；what引导主语从句，在从句中what作have的宾语；that引导表语从句。 【7】本句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中包含it's unlikely that...句型，表示“……不大可能”，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。 【8】本句是主系表结构，表语是由and连接的两个省略to的不定式短语。主语all后跟的定语从句中含有动词do，故表语中的不定式符号to可省略。宾语从句what could have been作imagine的宾语。 4 This sigh, this wondering whether we made the right choice【9】， is understandable.Although we may be free to choose which path to take, this choice isn't easy when those two paths look similar【10】. Presented with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between【11】. What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities? Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice? 【9】画线部分为whether引导的宾语从句。 【10】本句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句，主句中when引导时间状语从句。 【11】本句中过去分词短语Presented with two job offers作状语，what引导宾语从句。 5 Ultimately, the road ahead—the road through our lives—is a mixture of choice and chance. And when we are approaching the end of that road, how will we remember the journey? How will we look back on our lives? In the poem, the writer doubts his choice, thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”， he may claim that he took the “less traveled” road【12】. Some of us do take a more unusual path through life, and while it may be a harder one to follow, it can also lead to new adventures and experiences【13】. Nonetheless， part of the art of decision­making is learning to make the most of our decisions. Instead of looking back with regret， we should be facing our future with energy and optimism， for the choices are ours, and ours only. 【12】画线部分为现在分词结构thinking...road作伴随状语，其中第一个that引导的宾语从句作thinking的宾语，第二个that引导的宾语从句作claim的宾语。 【13】本句是and连接的并列句，第二分句中包含一个while引导的让步状语从句。 名师圈点 ①diverge/daI'vɜːdʒ/vi.分叉，岔开；分歧，相异 ②undergrowth/'ʌndəgrəʊθ/n.[U]下层灌木丛(指林木下的) ③fair adj.熟词生义　美丽的 ④grassy/'ɡrɑːsi/adj.长满草的，被草覆盖的 [构词法]形容词后缀­y表示“充满……的；有……特性的”，由它构成的词常见的有dusty(布满灰尘的)，juicy(多汁的)等。 ⑤wear熟词生义n.[U]磨损 ⑥as for至于，关于 As for you，I don't think you have to go in person.你嘛，我认为你就不用亲自去了。 ⑦tread/tred/vi.踩，踏；vt.&vi.行走(trod，trodden) ⑧lead on to促使，促成 ⑨sigh/saI/n.[C]&vi.叹息，叹气 ⑩ages and ages hence很久很久以后 hence/hens/adv.因此，由此 ...days，weeks，etc.hence(从现在开始)……天/星期等之后 ⑪make all the difference迥然不同 ⑫line n．[C]熟词生义　诗行，歌词 I can only remember the first two lines of that song. 我只记得那首歌的头两句歌词。 ⑬quote/kwəʊt/vt.&vi.引用，引述 n．[C]引语 quotation n．[C]引语 ⑭be set to music被谱曲 set vt.熟词生义　为……谱曲；给……配乐 Schubert set many poems to music. 舒伯特为许多诗歌谱了曲。 ⑮numerous/'njuːmərəs/adj.许多的，众多的 ⑯television commercials电视广告 commercial/kə'mɜːʃl/n.[C](电台或电视播放的)广告adj.商业的，贸易的 ⑰of all time有史以来 ⑱thoughtful/'θɔːtfl/adj.深思的；缜密思考过的；体贴的 ⑲insight/'InsaIt/n.[C，U]洞悉，了解；[U]洞察力，领悟(常跟介词into) These texts give the reader an insight into the Chinese mind.这些文章让读者对中国式的思维有了深入了解。 ⑳human nature人性 cannot help but do sth＝can't help doing sth忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事，不可能避免做某事 symbolize/'sImbəlaIz/vt.象征，代表 [词链]symbol(n.象征)→symbolic(adj.象征性的)→symbolize(vt.象征)→symbolism(n.象征主义) progress在此作不及物动词，意为“进展，进步”。 alternative/ɔːl'tɜːnətIv/n.[C]可供选择的事物adj.可供代替的 have no alternative/choice but to do sth别无选择，只能做某事 on a daily basis每天 Such things are taking place on a daily basis. 基本上每天都有这样的事情发生。 range from...to...包括从……到……之间的各类事物 dilemma/dI'lemə/n.[C](进退两难的)窘境，困境 face a dilemma 面临左右为难的困境 be in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地 arise from由……引起，因……产生 moral problems道德问题 have...in common有相同的特征(或特点等) have much/a lot/a great deal in common(with...)(与……)有很多共同之处 have nothing/little in common(with...)(与……)没有/没多少共同之处 consequence/'kɒnsIkwəns/n.[C]结果，后果 as a consequence＝as a result因此，结果 in consequence of＝as a result of由于 in most circumstances在大多数情况下 understandable /ˌʌndə'stændəbl/adj.可以理解的 [构词法]后缀­able表示“可……的；具有……性质的”，常与动词结合构成形容词，如acceptable(可接受的)，eatable(可食用的)，changeable(易变的)等。 turn down拒绝 a mixture of choice and chance选择和机会的结合 look back on回首(往事)，回忆，回顾 nonetheless/ˌnʌnðə'les/adv.尽管如此 There was still a long way to go.Nonetheless，some progress had been made. 仍然有很长的路要走。不过还是取得了一些进步。 make the most of＝make full use of充分利用 with regret遗憾地 optimism/'ɒptImIzəm/n.[U]乐观，乐观主义 optimistic adj.乐观的 [简易百科] 《未选择的路》是美国著名诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的著名诗篇。罗伯特·弗罗斯特堪称美国20世纪90年代最受欢迎的诗人之一，是美国非官方的桂冠诗人。他一生致力于诗歌的创作，主要写作并出版了10部诗集，这一首是其第三部诗集《山的间隔》中的名篇。 译文参考 未选择的路 黄色的树林里分出两条路， 可惜我不能同时去涉足， 我在那路口久久伫立， 我向着一条路极目望去， 直到它消失在丛林深处。 但我却选了另外一条路， 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂， 显得更诱人，更美丽； 虽然在这条小路上， 很少留下旅人的足迹。 那天清晨落叶满地， 两条路都未经脚印污染。 啊，留下一条路等改日再见！ 但我知道路径延绵无尽头， 恐怕我难以再回返。 也许多少年后在某个地方， 我将轻声叹息将往事回顾： 一片树林里分出两条路——而我选择了人迹更少的一条， 从此决定了我一生的道路。 1 《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多艺术家为这首诗谱了曲，它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞悉。 2 阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。林间小路往往被用来象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“黄色的树林里分出两条路，可惜我不能同时去涉足”这两句诗生动地展现了我们面临的选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天会向我们抛出许多选择，从“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题，到大学应该学什么专业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样的重大问题。当然，最大的困境往往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。 3 无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样，我们能做的就是在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。 4 这一声叹息，我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑，是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，做选择其实很难。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索我们到底是在什么当中选择。如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办？而我们甚至又能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢？ 5 最后，前方的路——我们的人生之路——其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。当我们快走到尽头时，我们会如何铭记这段旅途？我们会如何回顾自己的一生？在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，认为在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该充满活力而乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。 Ⅰ.重点词汇 ●核心单词 1．　commercial n．(电视或电台的)商业广告 2．　alternative n．可供选择的事物 3．　arise v．(由……)引起 4．　circumstance n．情况，情形 5．　refreshments n．茶点，点心和饮料 6．　shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间 ●拓展词汇 7．　complex adj.复杂的→complexity n．复杂性 8．　symbolize v．象征，代表→symbol n．象征；符号→symbolic adj.象征性的 9．　mixture n．混合；混合体→mix v．混合→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的 10．　affection n．喜爱，钟爱→affect v．影响；感染；打动 11．　qualified adj.合格的，胜任的→qualify v．取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格→qualification n．资格；学历 12．　fluency n．熟练，流利→fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地 13．　sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　insight into 洞察； 对……深刻理解 2．　on a daily basis 每天 3．　arise from　产生于 4．　turn down 拒绝 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．(1)时间状语从句的省略 (2)“cannot help but do sth”意为“禁不住做某事” 　When reading　(当读……时) The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind　(让人脑海中不禁浮现出) images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 2．“There is no doing...”意为“不可能做…… ” Once we make a decision, in most circumstances，　there is no going back　(就不会再回头了). 3．“It is unlikely that...”意为“不太可能……” Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that　(不太可能) he will ever have the opportunity to do so. Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What do the diverged roads symbolize in the poem? A．Our change. B．Our progress. C．The roads of life. D．The roads in nature. 2．How can we think of The Road Not Taken from the second paragraph? A．The poem is about the scene of countryside. B．The poem is about the choice we will be faced with. C.The poem is about the job which we like. D．The poem is about the study in the college. 3．Why would we sigh after making a decision? A．Because we have no way back. B．Because we know we are wrong. C．Because we will act like writers. D．Because we want to make another decision. 4．What is the attitude of the author of this article to the decision? A．Regretful. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Positive. 答案　1－4　CBAD [核心词汇] 1．alternative　n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供选择的 [经典例句] Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. 生活每天都会向我们抛出很多选择。 (1)have no alternative but to do sth＝have no choice but to do sth/cannot help but do sth 别无选择只能做某事 have the alternative of doing sth 做某事的选择 an alternative to...……的替代品 (2)alternatively adv. 供选择地；要不；或者 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. (2)You can choose not to forgive.　Alternatively (alternative) you can choose to let it go. [写美]——同义句转换 (3) In order to make more progress, we can do nothing but make full use of spare time. →In order to make more progress, we have no choice/ alternative but to make full use of spare time. 2．arise v．(arose；arisen；arising )　(由……)引起；产生，出现，发生；起身，起床 [经典例句] Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. 当然，当我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的时候，最大的困境往往源于道德问题。 arise from/out of＝result from……引起；起因于 (1)rise vi.(rose，risen, rising)升起；起身，起床；上升 (2)raise vt.(raised，raised, raising) 举起；提高，增加；饲养，养育 (3)arouse vt.(aroused，aroused, arising) 激起；唤醒 [练通]——选词填空(arise/rise/raise/arouse) (1)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected. (2)Hardly had I solved the problem when a new one arose　. (3)It is common knowledge that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (4)The teacher told the students a story to arouse the curiosity and interest of them. [写美]——完成句子 (5) 开车时再小心也不为过。事故往往是由粗心大意引起的。 It can't be too careful while driving.　Accidents often arise from carelessness　. 3．circumstance　n．情况，情形；环境，条件，状况(常用复数形式circumstances) [经典例句] Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. 一旦我们做出决定，在大多数情况下，就不会再回头了。 (1)in/under...circumstances在……情况下 in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何不(置于句首时句子要部分倒装) (2)social circumstances社会环境 financial/personal circumstances经济/个人状况 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)In the past ten years, the field has given us high­quality and stable produce regardless of climatic circumstances　(circumstance). (2)　In/Under any circumstances, his carelessness can result in serious accidents. [写美]——续写佳句 (3)我觉得尴尬极了，我提醒自己绝不会再犯这样的错误了。 Feeling embarrassed，I reminded myself that under no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again　. 4．affection　n．[U]喜爱，钟爱 [经典例句] For example, the rose could represent love and affection, and the rainbow could symbolise hope. 例如，玫瑰可以代表爱和喜爱，彩虹可以象征希望。 (1)have/feel a great affection for...非常喜爱…… with affection满爱意地；富有感情地 (2)affect vt.影响；感染；打动 affecting adj.动人的，深深打动人的 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1) If a basketball star is，for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，　affecting (affect) the team's performance. (2)In addition to his sense of duty as a doctor, he said he also chose to stay because of his deep affection　(affect) for the people and the city. [写美]——完成句子 (3) 他的语气表明他对老朋友的感情很深。 His tone showed that he had a deep affection for his old friend. 5．qualified　adj.合格的，胜任的 [经典例句] Match the headings to the sections and find out how qualified the applicant is for the job. 把标题和各部分匹配起来，判断申请人是否能胜任这份工作。 (1)be qualified for...符合……的条件 be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事 (2)qualify v．使具备资格；使合格 qualify for...有……资格；取得……的参赛资格 qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 (3)qualification n．资格；资历；学历 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1) Come and work out with our qualified (qualify) personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate. (2)Those who have passed the examination are qualified to compete (compete) for a post. (3) All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with diving qualifications (qualify). [写美]——应用文佳句 (4) 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。 I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along/on with，　which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. [重点句型] ●时间状语从句的省略 [经典例句] When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。 句中When reading相当于When one is reading，为状语从句的省略。 (1)一般说来，省略现象出现在下列五种状语从句中：时间状语从句(when，while，as，once等引导)；条件状语从句(if，unless等引导)；让步状语从句(though，although，whatever等引导)；比较状语从句(than，as等引导)；方式状语从句(as，as if，as though等引导)； (2)状语从句省略的条件：①状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致(或从句的主语为it)；②状语从句的谓语中含有be动词； (3)省略状语从句的主语和be动词，从句的结构如下：引导词＋名词/形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)When feeling　(feel) depressed, I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories. (2)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept　(keep) in the cage. [写美]——句式升级 (3) With every pair of eyes fixed on me, I was embarrassed while I was walking across the campus. →With every pair of eyes fixed on me，　I was embarrassed while walking across the campus　.(省略句) Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．　be easy to read aloud　朗朗上口 2．　look down...as far as sb can　某人向……极目远眺 3．　ages and ages hence　多年以后；很久很久以后 4．　make all the difference　大不相同；影响重大 5．　set sth to music　为……谱曲/配乐 6．　of all time　一直；有史以来 7．　human nature　人性 8．　see in one's mind　在某人的脑海中浮现 9．　a key issue 关键问题 10．　a peaceful wood deep within the countryside　村庄深处一片静谧的树林 11．　moral problems　道德问题 12．　make the right choice　做出正确选择 13．　a mixture of choice and chance 选择和机会的结合 14．　look back on 回首(往事)；回顾…… 15．　with regret 遗憾地 16．　be/feel sorry for　为……感到遗憾 17．　as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 18．　a call for sb to do sth　呼吁/号召某人做某事 19．　serve as a reminder　起提醒的作用 20．　live life to the full　尽情享受生活；充实地生活 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．We should always keep in mind that accidents arise (引起) from carelessness while driving. 2．Humor, if used properly, will help us break the ice and gain affection　(喜爱) of others in social communication. 3．Our school has recently obtained the latest multimedia equipment, allowing students to learn efficiently under special circumstances　(条件). 4．失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们别无选择只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 5．在参加夏令营期间，我结识了很多外国学生。(状语从句的省略) 　While taking part in the summer camp, I got acquainted with many foreign students. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$