Unit1 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 原文呈现 Facing the Future 1 For many of us, it's something we already have experienced. One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives【1】—the future. Will we get into the school of our choice①？ What will we be doing in ten years' time? Can we become the person we really want to be？【2】 In the face of② such questions, how should we approach the future③？ Can we take action④ to shape⑤ it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way⑥？ 【1】画线部分是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用现在分词短语作宾补，表示主动和动作正在进行。 【2】本句是主从复合句。we really want to be是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the person。 2 As many of us already know, having plans in place⑦ for the future is no guarantee⑧ that they will become reality.【3】 In this respect⑨， some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated⑩ by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart⑪【4】. Although they shared⑫ the same ambitious⑬ and energetic approach to life⑭， their careers unfolded in contrasting⑮ ways. 【3】本句是主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句并在从句中作宾语。主句是主系表结构，v­ing短语having plans...future作主语，that引导的同位语从句对guarantee作解释说明。 【4】画线部分是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代前面整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语。过去分词短语born 40 years apart作two famous authors的后置定语，相当于定语从句who were born 40 years apart。 3 The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood⑯ single­minded⑰ in his ambition to write. On leaving high school【5】， he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee⑱ reporter. He went on to become foreign correspondent⑲ for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary⑳ experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep­sea fishing, amongst others.【6】 His short novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the three­day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever caught【7】， won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 【5】on/upon doing...表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 【6】现在分词短语Having set himself this goal作时间状语，相当于After he had set himself this goal。 【7】画线部分是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fish。先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that，不用which。 4 By contrast， the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor. But Doyle's main ambition was to become a writer of historical novels【8】. Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective， Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.【9】 【8】画线部分是不定式短语作表语。 【9】本句是主从复合句。Although在此引导让步状语从句；主句中过去分词短语compared to...this day作状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the stories。 5 Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London【10】. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works. The public，however couldn't get enough of Sherlock Holmes. In desperation， Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing.【11】 However，fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure， was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.【12】 Doyle's many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century. 【10】此处是while引导的时间状语从句，while表示“在……期间，当……的时候”。 【11】本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句。主句中过去分词短语published in 1893作后置定语，修饰a novel。 【12】画线部分包含“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句。 6 Though both of these men were ultimately successful，their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned.【13】 So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter， take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.【14】 As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said，“You can't connect the dots looking forward【15】； you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” 【13】本句是主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句。their futures...planned是独立主格结构，其中as引导方式状语从句。 【14】本句是主从复合句。whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever相当于no matter what。 【15】现在分词短语looking forward作状语。 名师圈点 ①of sb's choice某人自己选择(或选定)的。常作后置定语。 ②in the face of面对 ③approach the future走近未来 ④take action采取行动 ⑤shape vt.熟词生义 影响……的发展，决定……的形成 ⑥come one's way意外落在某人头上，偶尔发生在某人身上 ⑦in place准备就绪；在正确位置，准备妥当 We've got a couple of new projects in place.我们有几个准备好的新方案。 ⑧guarantee/ˌɡærən'tiː/n.[C]&vt.保证，担保 ⑨in this respect在这方面 ⑩illustrate/'IləstreIt/vt.说明，解释 illustration/ˌIlə'streIʃn/n.[C]图解，例释；[C]插图 To illustrate my point，let me tell you a little story.为了说明我的观点，让我来给你们讲个小故事。 ⑪apart adv.(指空间或时间)相隔，相距 Their birthdays are only three days apart.他们的生日仅隔三日。 ⑫share vt.&vi.熟词生义　有同样的感情(或想法、经历等) They shared a common interest in botany.他们都对植物学感兴趣。 ⑬ambitious/æm'bIʃəs/adj.有野心的，有雄心的 ambition/æm'bIʃ(ə)n/n.[C]夙愿；[U]野心，雄心 ⑭approach to life生活方式，生活态度 approach在此作名词，表示“方式，方法，态度”，常与介词to连用。 ⑮contrasting/kən'trɑːstIŋ/adj. 极不相同的，差异大的 ⑯boyhood/'bɔIhʊd/n.[U](男性的)童年时期，少年时代 [构词法]­hood是名词词缀，表示“……的状态(或性质)”。如childhood儿童时期，manhood成年(时期)。 ⑰single­minded adj.一心一意的，专心致志的 [构词法]single­minded是“形容词＋名词­ed形式”构成的复合形容词，常见的还有：shortsighted近视的，warm­hearted热心肠，good­tempered脾气好的。 ⑱trainee/ˌtreI'niː/n.[C]接受工作培训的人；实习生 trainer n．[C]教员 [构词法]名词后缀­ee表示“受动者，受益者”注意与­er的区别。如employer雇用者，employee雇员；interviewer采访者，interviewee接受采访者。 ⑲correspondent/ˌkɒrI'spɒndənt/n.[C]通讯员，记者 ⑳extraordinary/Ik'strɔːdnri/adj.不一般的，非凡的，卓越的 inform vt.熟词生义　对……有影响 bullfighting/'bʊlfaItIŋ/n.[U]斗牛 bullfighter/'bʊlfaItə/n.[C]斗牛士 amongst/ə'mʌŋst/prep.在……当中(同among) amongst others其中；除了别的以外 epic/'epIk/adj.漫长而艰难的，艰苦卓绝的；史诗般的 an epic journey/struggle漫长而艰难的旅程/艰苦卓绝的斗争 elderly adj.上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义) the elderly老人，上了年纪的人 by contrast相比之下 When you look at their new system，ours seems very old­fashioned by contrast. 看一看他们的新系统，就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。 historical/hI'stɒrIk(ə)l/adj.(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的；历史题材的 the historical background历史背景 historical documents/research史学文献/研究 a historical novel历史小说 compared to/with...与……相比(作状语) I was at a disadvantage compared to the younger members of the team.与队里较年轻的队员相比，我处于不利地位。 fictional/'fIkʃənl/adj.虚构的，小说(中)的 fiction n．[U]小说 historical/romantic fiction历史/言情小说 detective/'dItektIv/n.[C]私家侦探；警探 a detective story/novel侦探故事/小说 medical practice行医；诊所 practice在此意为“(医生、律师的)工作，业务活动，工作地点”。 a dental/law practice牙医诊所/律师事务所 devote oneself to＝be devoted to致力于，献身于 long to do sth渴望做某事 long vi.渴望 can't get enough of...对……如痴如狂 in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地 kill off除掉，使某事物停止，排除 focus on集中于 under immense pressure在巨大的压力下 immense/I'mens/adj.极大的，巨大的 be forced to do sth 被迫做某事 bring...back from the dead使……起死回生 ultimately/'ʌltImItli/adv.最后，最终 ultimate/'ʌltImət/adj.最后的，最终的 ultimate goal/target最终的目的/目标 paths to success成功之路 turn out……地发展(或发生)；结果…… twists and turns迂回曲折 encounter/In'kaʊntə(r)/vt.&n.[C]遭遇，邂逅 take a leaf from/out of the book of sb＝take a leaf from/out of sb's book效仿，模仿(成功之人的举止和行为) Maybe we should take a leaf out of Branson's book.It's very easy to see how he made his dream come true.也许我们应该向布兰森学习。很容易看出他是如何实现他的梦想的。 the unexpected未知的事物 [拓展]“the＋adj.”表示一类人或物，如the old老年人，the right正确的事。 dot/dɒt/n.[C]点，小圆点 backwards/'bækwədz/adv.往回，往前面 译文参考 面对未来 1 我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗？十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗？面对这些疑问，我们应该如何走近未来呢？我们能采取行动去影响未来吗，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切？ 2 正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样，为未来做好计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。在这方面，一些人比别人更幸运，例如，有两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家，对比他们的人生就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。 3美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年，他从小立志，一心一意想要写作。高中一毕业，他就进入堪萨斯州当地的一家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历，创作了许多小说和短篇故事。他的短篇小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条他捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝的搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 4 相比而言，1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔，原先年轻时是一名医生，但他最大的志向却是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他的一些历史小说被出版了，但其成就与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比微不足道。直到现在，他最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 5 有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间，在等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了医学，全身心地投入创作。除了其他学术作品，他还是渴望自己能因历史小说而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯(的故事)百读不厌。绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便能专注于他的“严肃”作品。然而，福尔摩斯迷们非常愤怒，这使得道尔在巨大压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文多半都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。 6 虽然这两个人最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们所计划的那样。因此，不管未来你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说：“你无法预见性地将(生命中的)点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才能将这些点滴联系起来。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的点滴，将在你的未来中以某种方式串联起来。” Ⅰ.重点词汇 ●核心单词 1．　boyhood n．(男性的)童年时期，少年时代 2．　correspondent n．通讯员；记者 3．　detective n．私家侦探 ●拓展词汇 4．　ambition n．追求，理想→ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的 5．　historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；有历史意义的 6．　ultimately adv.最后，最终→ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　in the face of 面对…… 2．　take action 采取行动 3．　come one's way 发生在某人身上 ; 某人所经历的 4．　be forced to do　　被迫做某事；不得不做某事 5．　take a leaf out of/from one's book 模仿 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about　(发现自己在思考甚至在担忧) possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. 2．(1)as引导非限制性定语从句 (2)动词­ing短语作主语 　As many of us already know　(正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样), having plans in place for the future　(为未来制定计划) is no guarantee that they will become reality. 3．“on/upon doing...”意为“一……就……” 　On leaving high school　(高中一毕业), he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 4．现在分词完成式作状语 　Having set himself this goal　(在立下这一目标后), he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep­sea fishing, amongst others. 5．whatever引导让步状语从句 So，　whatever twists and turns you might encounter　(不管未来你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折), take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected. What's the main idea of the passage? A．Preparing for uncertainty about the future. B．Different people do different jobs. C．How to choose future jobs. D．People should be optimistic about the future. 答案　A Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．According to the text，how do many of us feel our future? A．Worried. B．Ambitious. C．Interested. D．Dull. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．As long as we have plans，we must have a great future. B.Even if we have plans，there's no guarantee of our future. C．Our future is determined by luck. D.All successful writers have the same ambition. 3．Which is the right order of Hemingway's events? a．He joined a local Kansas newspaper. b．He graduated from high school. c．He won the Nobel Prize in Literature. d．He was determined to be a writer. A．a－b－c－d. B．c－a－d－b. C．d－a－b－c. D．d－b－a－c. 4．Why did Doyle bring Holmes back from the dead in his novel? A．He didn't want Holmes to die. B．He loved Holmes very much. C．Without Holmes，he couldn't finish writing. D．He was forced to do that by his fans. 答案　1－4　ABDD 1．细读课文并找出人物描写的句子 The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single­minded in his ambition to write.　 2．细读课文并找出对比的句子 One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep.The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. [核心词汇] 1．in the face of　面对，面临 [经典例句] In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future? 面对这些疑问，我们应该如何迎接未来呢？ (1)face to face面对面 lose face丢脸 make a face做鬼脸 (2)be faced with面临，面对 face up to勇敢面对 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The greater our achievements, the more we should face up to our shortcomings. (2)Talking with friends face to face is a good way to reduce the pressure from work and life. [写美]——一句多译 (3)面对学习过程中的困难，我们学会了一直互相鼓励。 a.　Facing the difficulty in our learning process, we learned to encourage each other all the time. b.　Faced with the difficulty in our learning process, we learned to encourage each other all the time. c.　In the face of the difficulty in our learning process, we learned to encourage each other all the time. 2．take action　采取行动 [经典例句] Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? 我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢？ take action to do sth＝take steps/measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 put...into action将……付诸实施 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·信阳期末)We don't hesitate to take action to deal　(deal) with the problem before it spreads to other areas. (2)The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis. [写美]——应用文佳句 (3) 作为高中生，我们有责任采取积极行动保护海洋。 As high school students, it's our responsibility to take active action to protect oceans　. 3．come one's way　意外地落在某人头上；偶尔发生在某人身上 [经典例句] When luck comes our way, joy is naturally at hand. 当幸运光顾我们时，愉悦自会油然而生。 (1)lose one's way迷路 make way for...给……让路，让……通过 give way (to)屈服，让步 make one's way行进；逐步取得成功 (2)by way of经过，通过 in the/sb's way挡某人的路；妨碍某人 on the/sb's way (to)(去往……的)路上 all the way一路上；自始至终 [练通]——用way的相关短语填空 (1)Although the boys wanted to help me cook dinner, they were actually in the/my way　. (2)The traditional wisdom tells us that we should eagerly catch every opportunity that comes our way　. (3) A blanket of fog made it very difficult for us to make their way to the remote village. (4) China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way　. 4．ambition　n．追求，理想 [经典例句] The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single­minded in his ambition to write. 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年，他从少年时代起就一心一意致力于写作。 (1)be full of ambition 雄(野)心勃勃 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 想做某事的雄(野)心 achieve/realize one's ambition实现某人的理想 (2)ambitious adj. 有抱负的；有野心的，有雄心的 be ambitious for...渴望获得…… be ambitious to do sth 渴望做某事 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1) It is easier for the students who are ambitious to succeed in their studies than those with little ambition　.(ambition) (2)(2024·长春外国语学校段考)Lucy finally fulfilled her ambition to run　(run) a marathon when she retired. [写美]——完成句子 (3) 经过多年的不断努力，她最终实现了当一名作家的夙愿。 Through years of continuous efforts, she finally achieved her ambition of becoming a writer　. 5．be forced to do sth　被迫做某事 [经典例句] However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. 然而，福尔摩斯迷们非常愤怒，这使道尔在巨大的压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。 (1)force vt.强迫，迫使；强行 n．[U] 武力，暴力；权力，效力；[C]部队 force sb to do sth＝force sb into doing sth 强迫/迫使某人做某事 force one's way through/into...强行通过/进入…… (2)by force用暴力，强行地 come into force(法律、规则等)开始生效，开始实施 bring/carry/put...into force使……开始生效 (3)forced adj. 被迫的；勉强的 forceful adj. 强有力的；有说服力的 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1) Tom's sudden arrival forced him to change　(change) his plan, so Peter couldn't attend the school's party tonight. (2)When writing, you should use forceful　(force)arguments to make the readers accept your opinions. (3)Parking restrictions in the town are going to come into force　(开始实施) this year. [写美]——续写佳句 (4)他们大笑，当然我没笑，我只能若无其事地挤出一个苦涩的笑。 They laughed loudly, except for me, who could do nothing but force a bitter smile　. [重点句型] find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [经典例句]　The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. 但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的问题——未来。 “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“发现……处于某种状态/在做某事”，该结构有以下几种形式： (1)find＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动、进行) find＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动、完成) find＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth 意为“发现/认为做某事……” [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping　(weep) from the cold. (2)My classmates will always find me absorbed (absorb) in those stories carried by Youth. [写美]——续写佳句 (3)我开心地蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门，却发现家里空无一人。 I jumped into the house with joy, only to find the house empty　. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．　fall into a deep sleep　进入睡熟状态 2．　of one's choice　某人自己选择的 3．　in place 准备就绪的 4．　become (a) reality 成为现实 5．　in this respect 在这个方面 6．　unfold in contrasting ways　以截然不同的方式展开 7．　approach to life 生活方式，生活态度 8．　be single­minded in　在……上一心一意；对……专心致志 9．　a trainee reporter　实习记者 10．　set oneself/sb a goal　给自己/某人制定目标 11．　by contrast 相比之下 12．　be nothing compared to... 与……相比不值一提 13．　make sb a household name 使某人家喻户晓 14．　can't get enough of... 对……如痴如狂 15．　in desperation　绝望之际；走投无路 16．　under pressure　在压力之下；有压力 17．　bring sb back from the dead　使某人死而复生 18．　a path to success　成功之路 19．　twists and turns　迂回曲折；转折 20．　be prepared for the unexpected　为意外之事做好准备 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．As a war correspondent　(记者), he is likely to be exposed to many dangers. 2．She was a very well educated girl with a lively mind, a girl with ambition　(追求). 3．虽然面临来自全国各地的激烈竞争，他们还是赢得了比赛的胜利。 They won in the face of fierce competition from all over the country. 4．只要你竭尽全力，你一定会成功。 As long as you try your best, you can surely make your way to success. 5．一小时后，老人醒过来，发现自己躺在医院里，身边围着儿子和两个医生。 An hour later，the old man came to and found myself lying in hospital　， surrounded by his son and two doctors. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$