一般过去时(讲义)-2023-2024学年译林版(三起)英语六年级下册

2024-08-07
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一般过去时 ( 概 述 ) 适用学科 小学英语 适用年级 六年级 适用区域 通用版 课时时长(分钟) 120 知识点 时态定义;适用语境(标志性时间状语);基本语法结构;动词(短语)过去式的规则及不规则变化;句型相互转换 教学目标 知识目标:能够听、说、读、写动词(短语)的过去式 能力目标:学生能用句型表述他人在过去某一时间发生的情况或动作 情感目标:使学生学会与他人进行合作与交流 教学重点 掌握在各种句型下如何用一般过去时来正确表达句意 教学难点 动词规则变化中的重读闭音节动词的变化以及不规则动词变化 ( 教学过程 ) ( 一、导入 ) 1. His father_____(buy)a new computer for him last week. 2. My mother_____(be)a teacher ten years ago. ( 二、知识讲解 ) ( 知识点1 ) 概念:表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常可以在句子中找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:yesterday、yesterday morning、the day before yesterday、last night、last week、last month、last year、a moment ago、just now、two day ago、in 1990等。 ( 例题1 ) She_____ (go) to bed at eleven last night. 【答案】went 【解析】本题考察一般过去时的判断。依据标志性的时间状语last night而确定谓语动词应用过去式。且动词go的过去式为went(不规则变化),故填went ( 例题 2 ) Susan_____ in Jinan two days ago. A. wasn’t B. isn’t C. were D. be 【答案】A 【解析】本题考察一般过去时中be动词的选择,因主语Susan为第三人称单数,则be动词应用肯定形式的was,或否定形式的wasn’t , 故选A。 ( 知识点 2 ) 1. 动词过去式的规则变化: (1)一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed 如:look—looked;play—played;start—started (2)以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d 如:live—lived;dance—danced (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y改i再加-ed 如:study—studied;fly—flied (4) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母(“辅音+元音+辅音”)的动词,双写末尾辅音字母后再加-ed 如:stop—stopped;plan—planned 2. 动词过去式的不规则变化:见人教版教材6年级(下)第69页 ( 例题1 ) clean do take see hurt swim go visit study play think have dance eat buy get drink make read can learn wash give are is 【答案】cleaned;did;took;saw;hurt;swam;went;visited;studied;played;thought;had;danced;ate;bought;got;drank;made;read;could;learned(learnt);washed;gave;were;was 【解析】本题考察动词过去式的规则变化及不规则变化 ( 知识点 3 ) 一般过去式在英语四大句式(肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句)中的转换 1、 肯定句 (1)结构:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其他 例句:He worked in Shanghai five years ago. (2)结构:主语+动词过去式+表语+其他 例句:She was a pilot in 1990. 2、 否定句 (1)结构:主语+didn’t+动词原形+宾语+其他 例句:He didn’t work in Shanghai five years ago. (2)结构:主语+wasn’t; weren’t +表语+其他 例句:She wasn’t a pilot in 1990. 3、 一般疑问句 (1)结构:Did+主语+动词原形+宾语+其他? 例句:Did he work in Shanghai five years ago? (2)结构:Was或 Were +主语+表语+其他? 例句:Was she a pilot in 1990? 拓展:一般疑问句的肯定回答: 结构:Yes, 主语+did.(句子中含有实义动词) Yes, 主语+was或were(句子中含有be动词) 一般疑问句的否定回答: 结构:No, 主语+didn’t (句子中含有实义动词) No, 主语+wasn’t 或 weren’t (句子中含有be动词) 4、 特殊疑问句 (1)结构:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语+其他? 例句:What did you do last Sunday? (2)结构:特殊疑问词+was或were+表语+其他? 例句:Who was at home last night? 拓展:特殊疑问句通常在对划线部分提问题目中出现,考察对特殊疑问词的选择以及句子的正确表达。 ①问人:who 例如:I watched TV last night. → Who watched TV last night? ②问干什么:what 例如:I watched TV last night. → What did you do last night? ③问什么时候:when 例如:I watched TV last night.→When did you watch TV? ④问怎么样:how 例如:He went to school by bus.→How did he go to school? ⑤问哪里:where 例如:He went to a park last weekend.→Where did he go last weekend? ( 例题1 ) He visited his grandparents last weekend. (改为否定句) He his grandparents last weekend. 【答案】didn’t ; visit 【解析】一般过去时态下含有实义动词的句子在变否定句时要借助于助动词did的否定形式didn’t,后跟实义动词原形。基本结构为:主语+didn’t+动词原形+宾语+其他。故填:didn’t ; visit ( 例题2 ) Zhang Peng listened to music yesterday. (变为一般疑问句 ) Zhang Peng to music yesterday? 【答案】Did ; listen 【解析】依据一般过去时的一般疑问句结构:Did+主语+动词原形+宾语+其他?故填:Did ; listen ( 例题3 ) I washed clothes last weekend. (划线部分提问) clothes last weekend? 【答案】Who ; washed 【解析】划线部分为“人”,对“人”提问用特殊疑问词who,后接动词过去式+宾语+其他 ( 例题4 ) I played football last weekend. (对划线部分提问) you do last weekend? 【答案】What ; did 【解析】划线部分为做事的内容,提问“干什么”用特殊疑问词what,后接一般疑问句 ( 例题5 ) He watched TV last night. ( 就划线部分提问) 【答案】When did he watch TV? 【解析】划线部分为“时间”,提问“时间”用特殊疑问词when,后接一般疑问句 ( 例题6 ) I went to school by bus. ( 就划线部分提问) 【答案】How did you go to school? 【解析】划线部分为“方式、方法”,提问“如何、怎么样”,用特殊疑问词how,后接一般疑问句 ( 例题7 ) I went to Xinjiang on my holiday. ( 就划线部分提问) __________ 【答案】Where did you go on your holiday? 【解析】划线部分为“地点”,提问“地点”用特殊疑问词where,后接一般疑问句 ( 三 、课堂运用 ) ( 能力达标 ) 1. Lee ________ his mobile phone at home. A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left 2. _____ he ________ a good rest? No, he didn’t. A. Do, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Was, had 3. Mr. Black was late because he _______ his way. A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost 4. When _________ Lee ________ school this morning? A. did, got to B. did, get to C. did, get D. did, got 5.He went into the room and _______ the door. A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked 【答案】1—5 D B D B D 【解析】1.考察leave的过去式,为left 2.考察一般过去时的一般疑问句,助动词did提前,动词还原成原形 3.考察lose的一般过去,为lost 4.考察一般过去时的特殊疑问句,结构:特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他 5.考察lock的过去式,为locked ( 能力提升 ) 1. A: _________________________? B: Mike played sports yesterday. 2. A: ___________________________________? B: We went to Hainan. 3. A: _____________________________________? B: Yes, Lucy saw a film last night. 4. A: _____________________________________? B: No, she didn’t play ping-pong this morning. 5. A: _________________________ _? B: I played football yesterday. 6. A: ? B: Yes, I went fishing last weekend. 【答案】 1. What did Mike do yesterday? 2. Where did you go? 3. Did Lucy see a film last night? 4. Did she play ping-pong this morning? 5. What did you do yesterday? 6. Did you go fishing last weekend? 【解析】 1. 本题考查特殊疑问词what的用法。 2. 本题考查特殊疑问词where的用法。 3. 本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。 4. 本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。 5. 本题考查特殊疑问词what的用法。 6. 本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。 ( 四、口语训练营 ) One day, Bruce played in front of a house. A woman came up and asked Bruce, “Little boy, is your mother at home?” “Yes, she is, ” answered the boy. Then the woman went over to ring the bell. The bell rang and rang, but no one came to open the door. The woman got angry and called out to him, “You told me your mother was at home, didn’t you? ” “Yes,” the boy answered. “My mother is at home, but this isn’t my home.” ( 五 、课堂小结 ) 一、概念:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 二、基本结构:主语+动词过去时态+表示过去的时间。 三、动词的变化 规则动词:1. +ed 如:played watched visited 2. +d 如:danced 3. y变i+ed 如:studied 4. 双写+ed 如:stopped tripped 不规则动词:见六下课本p69 4、 时间状语:yesterday last week the day before yesterday 5、 句型转换 1. 变否定句 2. 变一般疑问句(及其肯定回答和否定回答) 3. 变特殊疑问句 ( 巩固 ) 一.写出下列动词的过去式。 1. play 1. stop 2. study 3. plan 4. dance 5. cook 6. look 7. close 【答案】 1. play played 2.stop stopped 3.study studied 4.plan planned 4.dance danced 5.cook cooked 6.look looked 7.close closed 二、单项选择: 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空 ( )1. My father___________ill yesterday. A. isn't B.aren't C.wasn't D. weren't ( )2.___________your parents at home last week﹖ A. Is B. Was C.Are D.Were ( )3. The twins___________in Dalian last year. They___________here now. A.are; were B.were; are C.was; are D.were; was ( )4 . ___________? He did some reading at home. A. What does your father do yesterday evening B. What does your brother do in the school C. What did your brother do over the weekend D. Where did your brother go last Sunday ( )5. It was raining hard when he ____ home. A. got B. get C. gets D. was getting 【答案】 1—5 CDBCA 【解析】 1.C 一般过去时be动词否定形式的选择。故选C。 2.D 主语为复数的一般过去时的be动词的选用。故选D。 3.B 第一句为一般过去时;第二句为一般现在时。故选B。 4.C 根据答语选择问句。特殊疑问词的选择以及正确表达。根据题意可知选C。 5.A 一般过去时的考察。get动词的过去式为got。故选A。 ( 拔高 ) 一、填空题。 1. Father bought me a new bike. (同义句)   Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.   2. Frank read an interesting book about history. (一般疑问句)   _______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?   3.When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year. 4. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad. 5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning. 【答案】1. a new bike for 2. Did ; read 3. did ; write ; wrote 4. was ; wasn’t 5. didn’t visit ; stayed ; did 【解析】1. 本题考查buy sb sth 与buy sth for sb的同义转化,以及buy的过去式 2. 本题考查read的过去式与一般现在时中的第三人称单数的区分 3. 本题·考查一般过去时的特殊疑问句 4. 本题考查一般过去时中be动词的用法 5. 本题考查动词的过去式 ( 七 、教学反思 ) 通过带多届小升初或六年级直升初中的学员,从中也获取了一些经验和教训。六年级下册主要接触到了新的英语时态—一般过去式,一般过去时相较于一般现在时有了一定难度。我们上课的思路会从一般现在时过渡到一般过去时,借助实例了解一般过去时的概念,并从两个维度入手,一个维度是句子中含有be动词和含有实义动词的情况;另一个维度从英语四大句式入手分别讨论。 从实践教学中发现,学员对于动词的过去式变化掌握薄弱,以及was、were的使用问题较大,还有did的用法不够灵活。对于一般过去式和一般现在时在有些题目中容易混淆。 在日常教学中多多引导学生,对于一般过去时常错点、易错点进行归纳、总结和分析。 14 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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一般过去时(讲义)-2023-2024学年译林版(三起)英语六年级下册
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一般过去时(讲义)-2023-2024学年译林版(三起)英语六年级下册
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