Unit2 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 教材原文 THE REAL FATHER CHRISTMAS 1 Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children. 【1】As parents，they try to keep that magic alive① for their children for as long as② they can. 2 That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as③ a special time of year.【2】The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous names in English literature④ — J．R.R.Tolkien，author of The Lord of the Rings.The letters were Tolkien's way of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children，over a period⑤ of more than twenty years. 【1】when引导的宾语从句，作介词from的宾语。 【2】本句是“That is why...”结构，意为“那就是……的原因”，why在此引导表语从句，表语从句中又含有who引导的定语从句 。句中的could表示一种不确定的语气。 3 Every Christmas，an envelope⑥ with a North Pole⑦ stamp arrived.It was addressed⑧ to Tolkien's children.Who could it be from？The children must have been very excited as they opened it【3】 Inside，they would find a handwritten letter⑨ from Father Christmas.The letters were also beautifully illustrated⑩— each must have taken its true author，Tolkien，a long time to complete【4】． 【3】as引导的时间状语从句 【4】本句是“Sth takes sb some time to do”句式。句中的“must have taken”是“must have done”结构，表示对已发生事情的肯定推测，意为“肯定做了某事”。 4 The letters told wonderful stories about Father Christmas's life and adventures at the North Pole.A regular⑪ character in the letters was Polar⑫ Bear，who once climbed the North Pole (an actual pole in this case⑬) and fell through the roof⑭ of Father Christmas's house【5】．In another letter，Father Christmas complained⑮ about how he could not stop his helpers playing⑯ games with the toys instead of wrapping them up⑰.Interestingly，the letters did not contain the usual warnings⑱ to children that they might not receive their presents if they were not good.【6】 The letters did【7】，however，change as T olkien's children got older： ...but if you find that not many of the things you asked for have come，and not perhaps quite as many as sometimes，remember that this Christmas all over the world there are a terrible number of⑲ poor and starving⑳ people.【8】 【5】此处是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Polar Bear，who在定语从句中作主语。这里who采用了拟人的修辞手法。 【6】此处是that引导的同位语从句，说明the usual warnings的内容。该同位语从句被介词短语to children分隔开了。 【7】助动词did用于强调谓语。 【8】本句的主句是祈使句remember that...starving people，其中“that...starving people”是宾语从句；“if you find...as many as sometimes”是if引导的条件状语从句，从句中含有两个that引导的并列宾语从句，第二个宾语从句“not perhaps quite as many as sometimes”是一个省略句，其完整形式为“that not perhaps quite as many as you asked for have come sometimes”。 5 Letters from Father Christmas tells us that as well as enjoying the adventures of Father Christmas，Polar Bear and other characters at the North Pole，we can all share the true spirit of giving at Christmas time.By expressing love for his children in such a special way，Tolkien may indeed have been the real Father Christmas.【9】 【9】may have done表示立足于现在，对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“可能做了某事”。 词汇注解 ①keep...alive 使……继续存在 ②as long as 在此表示“长达……，达……之久”，属于“as...as...”结构 [拓展]as long as用于引导条件状语从句时，意为“只要”，可与so long as 互换。 ③regard...as... 把……视作…… ④literature n. [U]文学 English literature 英国文学 ⑤period n. [C]一段时间，时期 over a period of...在……长的一段时间内 ⑥envelope n. [C]信封 ⑦pole n. (行星的)地极，(尤指地球的)北极或南极 the North/South Pole 北极；南极 ⑧address vt. 写(收信人)姓名地址，致函 ⑨a handwritten letter 一封手写信 handwritten adj. 手写的 ⑩illustrate vt. 给(书籍、文章等)加插图 illustration n. [C](书，杂志等中的)图表，插图；[C，U]实例，示例 ⑪regular adj. 频繁的，经常的 ⑫polar adj. 极地的，南极(或北极)的 polar bears 北极熊 ⑬in this case 在这种情况下 ⑭roof n．[C](建筑物、汽车、帐篷等的)顶，顶部 ⑮complain vi. & vt.抱怨，不满，发牢骚 complain about...抱怨…… ⑯stop/prevent...(from) doing...阻止……做……(被动语态中from不可省略) keep...from doing sth 阻止……做某事(任何情况下from都不能省略) ⑰wrap...up 把……包起来 ⑱warning n. [C，U]警告，警示，告诫 ⑲a number of“许多，若干”，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 [比较]the number of＋可数名词复数，意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 ⑳starving adj. 挨饿的，即将饿死的 starve vi.& vt. 挨饿，饿死 starvation n. [U]饥饿，饿死 as well as 除……之外 文化风采 The Lord of the Rings is a famous novel written by J．R.R. Tolkien，the sequel (续篇) to his earlier work，The Hobbit.The Lord of the Rings was published in three volumes (册) in 1954 and 1955 ，and has become one of the world's best­selling novels. 课文译文 真正的圣诞老人 1 许多人仍然记得孩童时代圣诞老人的魔法。作为父母，他们尽力让那样的魔法在孩子的生活里延续下去。 2 对于那些将圣诞节看作一年中特殊时刻的人来说，那就是《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美图书的原因。写这些信件的人是英国最著名的文学家之一——J.R.R.托尔金，《指环王》的作者。通过这些信，托尔金让圣诞老人在他的四个孩子心中存活了20多年。 3 每年的圣诞节，都会有一封贴着北极邮票的信寄来。这是寄给托尔金的孩子们的。它是谁寄来的呢？孩子们打开信的时候一定很兴奋。在信封里面，他们会发现一封来自圣诞老人的手写信。这些信都有漂亮的插图—每一幅插图一定花了其真正的作者——托尔金很长时间完成。 4 这些信讲述了圣诞老人在北极的精彩生活故事和冒险事件。信中经常出现的角色是北极熊，他曾爬到北极(这里是一根真实的柱子)，然后摔下来砸穿了圣诞老人家的屋顶。在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨说，他那些助手们非但没有把玩具包装起来，反而拿着玩具玩起了游戏，他怎么也没法让他们停下来。有趣的是，信里并没有那些常见的对孩子的警告，比如表现不好就可能得不到礼物之类的话。不过，随着托尔金的孩子们逐渐长大，信(的内容)也的确发生了变化：……但是，如果你发现自己并没有得到很多我你想要的东西，有时甚至所获无几，请你记住，在这个圣诞节，世界上还有极其多贫穷而饥饿的人。 5 《圣诞老人的来信》告诉我们，在欣赏圣诞老人、北极熊和其他角色在北极的冒险故事之余，我们也可以共同分享圣诞节真正的给予精神。托尔金以这样一种特别的方式表达了对他孩子的爱，或许他确实就是真正的圣诞老人。 Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．　poet 　n. 诗人 2．　harvest n. 收成 3．　vote v．投票，表决 4．　regardless adv. 不管，不顾 5．　novel n.　(长篇)小说 6．　regard v．认为，看作 7．　literature n.　文学 8．　envelop　e n.　信封 9．　roof n.　(建筑物、汽车、帐篷等的)顶，顶部 拓展词汇 1．　honour v．向……表示敬意→honourable adj.可敬的；光荣的 2．　decoration n．装饰物→decorate v．装饰；装修；布置；美化 3．　freedom n．自由，自由权利→free adj.自由的 4．　participate v．参加，参与→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参加者 5．　inequality n．(社会上的)不平等→equal adj.平等的→equality n．平等→equally adv.平等地 6．　limitless adj.无限的→limit n．(常作复数)范围→limited adj.有限的 7．　regular adj.频繁的，经常的→regularly adv.有规律地；定期地；经常地 8．　complain v．抱怨，不满，发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨 9．　warning n．警告，警示，告诫→warn v．警告 10．　starving adj.挨饿的，即将饿死的→starve vi.& vt.(使)饿死，挨饿→starvation n．饿死；挨饿 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　in memory of　　为了纪念 2．　keep...alive　　保持生机，使……存在 3．　as long as　　长达，与……一样长；只要 4．　regardless of　不管，不顾 5．　regard ...as ...　　把……视作…… 6．　address ...to sb　　将……寄给某人 7．　complain about 　　抱怨 8．　wrap ...up　　(用纸、布等)把……包起来 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．with复合结构 May Day is a festival to celebrate the start of summer, with celebrations held across Europe and in parts of North America　(庆祝活动在欧洲和北美部分地区举行). 2．“This/That is why...”意为“这/那就是……的原因/为什么……” 　That is why　(那就是为什么) Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year. 3．“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调 　The letters did, however, change　(然而，信的内容确实发生了变化) as Tolkien's children got older... Task Ⅰ 框架宏观建构：整体理解 What's mainly talked about in the text? A．It teaches us how to love our children. B．It is mainly about who wrote these letters. C．It tells about Tolkien's life and adventures at the North Pole. D．It introduces Tolkien's book Letters from Father Christmas. 答案　D Task Ⅱ 文本微观剖析：细节探究 Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What is Tolkien famous for? A．His fantasy childhood memories. B．His introduction to Father Christmas. C．His novel The Lord of the Rings. D．His letters to Father Christmas. 2．Why did the letters take Tolkien a long time to finish? A．It was hard to write the difference. B．The beautiful pictures were hard to make. C．They were sent from Father Christmas. D．They were wrapped up in good boxes. 3．What spirit was included in Letters from Father Christmas? A．We should learn to give care to others. B．Children love presents with pictures. C．Life will be easy if you work hard. D．It's no use complaining about life. 4．Why is Tolkien regarded as the real Father Christmas? A．He discovered the spirit of Father Christmas. B．He got others to know some people were starving. C．He addressed all his letters to Father Christmas. D．He showed his love for his children in a special way. 答案　1－4　C　B　A　D Task Ⅲ 教材对接高考：续写佳句 1．细读课文并找出使用拟人修辞手法的句子 A regular character in the letters was Polar Bear, who once climbed the North Pole (an actual pole in this case) and fell through the roof of Father Christmas's house.　 2．细读课文并找出心理描写的句子 The children must have been very excited as they opened it.　 [核心词汇] 1．honour　v．向……表示敬意；尊敬；给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称呼)　n．尊敬，荣誉 [经典例句]　It's a great honour for me to stand here and deliver my speech titled “Be smart online learners”． 我很荣幸站在这里发表题为“成为聪明的在线学习者”的演讲。 (1)be honoured for...因……而受到尊敬(获得荣誉) be honoured as...被授予…… (2)have the honour to do/of doing...有幸做…… in honour of...为了纪念…… It's an/one's honour to do...做……是一种/某人的荣幸 (3)honoured adj.荣幸的；幸运的 be/feel honoured to do/of doing...做……而感到荣幸 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)He (Zhang Zhongjing) has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. (2)The stadium was named in honour of (为了纪念) the club's first chairman. [写美]——一句多译 (3)能够应邀为你们做关于中国传统文化的讲座，我深感荣幸。 a.　It is my/an honour to be invited to give you a lecture on traditional Chinese culture.(honour n．) b.　I feel/am honoured to be invited to give you a lecture on traditional Chinese culture.(honoured adj.) honour如果表示“一件荣誉的事或一个光荣的人”时，是可数名词。 2．participate v．参加，参与 [经典例句] Freedom Day is held every year on 27 April to celebrate South Africa's first fully­participated elections in 1994, in which everyone was allowed to vote regardless of skin colour. 自由日每年4月27日举行，庆祝南非1994年第一次全民参与的选举，在这次选举中，不分肤色，人人都可以投票。 (1)participate in参加 (2)participation n．参加 participant n．参加者 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. (2)If this fellow participant　(participate) is going to eat more, so will I. (3)Some winter routes which tap into the delights hidden in the snow and ice will encourage public participation　(participate) in winter sports. [写美]——应用文佳句之叙事 (4)去年春天，我非常幸运地被选中参加了一个文化交流项目。 Last spring, I was lucky enough to be chosen to participate in a cultural exchange program　. 3．regard...as...　把……视作…… Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact travel to undisturbed places. 生态旅游通常被认为是前往未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。 with/in regard to关于；至于 give my regards to sb 代我问候某人 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)　Regarded　(regard) as an instructive English broadcast program，“Talk and Talk” is set up to share efficient methods of learning English with us teenagers. (2)With regard to reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes. (3)Give my regards　(regard) to your brother when you see him. 4．complain v．抱怨，不满，发牢骚 In time of difficulty, what we need is not to complain to each other but to understand each other. 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是相互抱怨，而是互相理解。 (1)complain to sb of/about sth向某人抱怨某事 complain (to sb ) that...(向某人)抱怨…… (2)complaint n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)The woman felt rather upset because her complaint　(complain) was set aside as of no importance. (2)We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about/of 　(抱怨)traffic jams. [写美]——应用文佳句之建议信 (3)我要就这件事向经理投诉。 I'm going to complain to the manage about this. complain的后面不能直接跟sb 作宾语，要加介词to。类似的词还有explain，mention，reply，appreciate，occur等。 5．warning　n．警告，警示，告诫 [经典例句]　Interestingly, the letters did not contain the usual warnings to children that they might not receive their presents if they were not good. 有趣的是，这些信并没有像往常一样警告孩子们：如果他们(表现)不好的话，他们可能不会收到礼物。 warn v．警告；提醒 warn sb against doing sth＝warn sb not to do sth 警告某人不要做某事 warn sb of/about sth提醒某人某事 warn sb that...警告/提醒某人…… [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I try to warn him of/about the danger, but he is determined to go out alone at night. (2) We are so disappointed that he always turns a deaf ear to our warning　(warn) every time we remind him not to drive after drinking. [写美]——一句多译 (3)为了身体健康，医生告诫这个病人不要再吸烟。 a．The doctor warned the patient against smoking in order to keep healthy. b．The doctor warned the patient not to smoke in order to keep healthy. [重点句型] 1．“This/That is why...”“这/那就是……的原因/为什么……” [经典例句]　That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year. 那就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》这本书对于那些把圣诞节视作一年中特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。 “This/That is why...”是一个常见句型，意为“这/那就是……的原因/为什么……”，其中why引导表语从句 This/That is because...这/那是因为…… The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… [写美]——句型转换 He missed the first bus.The reason was that he got up late this morning. →He missed the first bus.　That was because he got up late this morning. →He got up late this morning.　That was why he missed the first bus. →　The reason why he missed the first bus was that he got up late this morning. 2．“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调 [经典例句]　The letters did, however, change as Tolkien's children got older... 然而，随着托尔金的孩子们逐渐长大，信的内容确实发生了变化…… (1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”只能强调谓语动词，这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，没有疑问和否定形式。 (2)强调谓语动词之外的成分，用强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。 [写美]——完成句子 (1)如果他确实决定要来，请让我知道。 If he does decide to come　， please let me know. (2)我现在很少锻炼，但是我年轻的时候的确经常打篮球。 I don't take much exercise now, but I did play basketball a lot when I was young. (3)我真的希望它能发展得更好，成为每个学生最好的朋友。 I do hope it will develop better and become the best friend of each student. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．　celebrate a festival　庆祝节日 2．　a traditional Chinese festival　中国传统节日 3．　intangible cultural heritage　非物质文化遗产 4．　get together 聚在一起 5．　hold a celebration　举办庆祝活动 6．　racial inequality　种族不平等 7．　a high­fantasy novel　魔幻小说 8．　limitless imagination　无限的想象力 9．　a polar bear　北极熊；白熊 10．　receive a present　收到礼物 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．She was regarded　(认为) as one of the most promising students in our class. 2．Even though there is a wide variety of clothes in her wardrobe, the lady still complains　(抱怨) about having no suitable clothes to wear. 3．The prize was to honour　(向……表示敬意) him for his great discoveries in medicine. 4．如果你有一份工作，务必要全力以赴地去做，最终你会成功的。 If you have a job, do devote yourself to it 　and finally you will succeed. 5．为了纪念中华人民共和国成立，我们每年都会庆祝国庆节。 We celebrate National Day every year in honour of the founding of the People's Republic of China. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$