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Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
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目
录
篇章助读释疑
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基础梳理 新知落实
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语篇理解 要点领悟
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知识整合 核心突破
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CONTENTS
知能达标训练
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随堂演练 能力提升
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基础梳理 新知落实
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语篇理解 要点领悟
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知识整合 核心突破
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教材原文
Emojis:a new language?
[1]While waiting outside the cafeteria① , I received the following message from my friend :
[1]此处是时间状语从句“While I was waiting outside the cafeteria”的省略形式 。
It took me a minute before I realised what it meant. The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late② and would be there soon. Instead of replying with a simple “OK, don't rush”, I searched for emojis③ on my phone that would express the same message:
This was my attempt to④ follow the trend of⑤ communicating with emojis. Emojis are used everywhere, from text messages to emails, blogs and other social media networks. With the rapid development of social media, emojis are becoming an integral component⑥ of the language we use to express ourselves⑦.
The word “emoji” comes from Japanese, literally meaning “picture character”. Emojis are small symbols⑧ representing ideas, emotions or feelings. They come in different categories⑨, such as faces and people, plants and animals, and food and drink.
When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis were limited to⑩ 176 simple designs.[2] Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon⑪ the way in which we communicate. Due to their popularity, the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year⑫ in 2015 was, for the first time ever, a pictograph⑬
[2]本句是主从复合句。关系代词that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词more than 3,000 emojis;该从句中,in which引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the way。
In today's world, emojis have become more and more popular. It seems that emojis have clear advantages over⑭ written language.[3]People like them because they add emotional⑮ meaning, and are quick and easy to use.In fact, this is similar to the gestures⑯ we use when we speak. [4]With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post, your reader can “see” your facial expression⑰ while reading your words.Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words. For instance, if your friend is moving across the country, you may just send them a string of⑱ crying faces to express your sadness over your separation⑲.
[3]本句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句,该从句中的are quick and easy to use是“be+adj.+动词不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[4]“With a...added to a message or post”是with复合结构,宾补由过去分词短语充当,face与add之间为动宾关系。while reading your words是时间状语从句的省略形式。
The use of emojis has even spread to⑳ classical literature. A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeakeq \o(○,\s\up8(21))and emojis. The intentioneq \o(○,\s\up8(22)) of these adaptationseq \o(○,\s\up8(23)) is to make the classics more accessibleeq \o(○,\s\up8(24)) to young readers.
Some people, however, believe that these new versions have taken awayeq \o(○,\s\up8(25)) the heart and souleq \o(○,\s\up8(26)) of Shakespeare's plays.
As we can see, emojis have a tendency to pop upeq \o(○,\s\up8(27)) all over the place. Users of emojis say that they facilitateeq \o(○,\s\up8(28)) the way in which we communicate and express ourselves. [5]But this makes others, especially educatorseq \o(○,\s\up8(29)), worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word, or even the spoken word.[6]After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call? Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures, and forget how to write properly. On that day, emojis [7] will have become a real pictorialeq \o(○,\s\up8(30))“language”. But, for now, maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them.
[5]本句是主从复合句。“makes others,especially educators, worry...”属于“make+宾语+宾补”结构,宾补由不带to的不定式短语充当。that在句中引导宾语从句。
[6]本句中包含“would rather do sth than do sth”结构,意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
[7]此处用将来完成时表示在将来某个时间已经完成的动作。
词汇注解
①cafeteria [ˌkæfI'tIəriə] n.[C]自助餐厅
②run late 晚了
run early/on time早了/准时
③emoji [I'məʊdʒi] n.[C]表情符号,绘文字
④an attempt to do...做……的尝试/企图
attempt n. & vt.试图,尝试
at the first attempt第一次尝试
attempt to do sth试图做某事
⑤follow the trend of...跟随……的潮流
trend n.[C]趋势,趋向
a downward/an upward trend in...在……方面一个下滑/上升的趋势
⑥an integral component不可缺少的组成部分
integral ['IntIɡrəl] adj.不可缺少的
component [kəm'pəʊnənt] n.[C]组成部分
a key/vital component 重要的/至关重要的组成部分
⑦express oneself表达自己的思想感情
⑧symbol n.[C]符号,代号,记号
sign n.[C]符号,记号
symbolise vt.象征,是……的象征
symbolic adj.象征性的
⑨come in different categories 有不同的种类
come vi.[熟词生义] 有(货),可提供
come in...有……
category ['kætIɡ(ə)ri] n.[C]类别
⑩be limited to被限制在……
limit vt.限制,限定
⑪expand upon详述,充分叙述
⑫the word of the year年度热词
the man/woman/of the year年度最优秀人物
⑬pictograph ['pIktəɡrɑːf]n.[C]象形图,图画文字
⑭have advantages over比……有优势
⑮emotional[I'məʊʃ(ə)nəl] adj.情绪(上)的,情感(上)的
emotion n.[C,U]情感,情绪
⑯gesture ['dʒestʃə] n.[C,U]手势,姿势
⑰facial expression面部表情
facial ['feIʃ(ə)l] adj.脸上的,面部的
⑱a string of 一串……
⑲separation n.[U,sing.]分开,分离;[C]离别
separate vt.& vi.(使)分离,分散
separate A from/and B把A与B分开
⑳spread to蔓延至,扩散到
eq \o(○,\s\up3(21))textspeak ['tekstˌspiːk]n.[U]短信简写语
eq \o(○,\s\up3(22))intention [In'tenʃ(ə)n] n.[C,U]意图,目的
eq \o(○,\s\up3(23))adaptation[ˌædæp'teIʃ(ə)n] n.[C]改编版
eq \o(○,\s\up3(24))accessible[ək'sesIb(ə)l] adj.容易理解的,易懂的
eq \o(○,\s\up3(25))take away拿走,带走,使消失
eq \o(○,\s\up3(26))heart and soul精髓;全心全意
soul[səʊl] n.[U]精神
eq \o(○,\s\up3(27))have a tendency to do sth有做某事的趋势
tendency['tendənsi] n.[C]趋势,倾向
eq \o(○,\s\up3(28))facilitate [fə'sIlIteIt] v.促进;使便利
facilitation n.[U, sing.]简易化,简便化,促进
eq \o(○,\s\up3(29))educator ['edjʊkeItə] n.[C]教育工作者,教育学家
eq \o(○,\s\up3(30))pictorial[pIk'tɔːriəl]adj.图画的,照片的
课文译文
表情符号:一门新语言?
在自助餐厅外等候时,我收到了朋友的如下信息:
我花了一分钟才明白它的意思。他用这些符号是要表达他要迟到了,不过很快就到那儿。我没有简单地回答说“好的,不着急”,而是在手机上搜索能表达同样意思的表达符号:
我这也是尝试追赶用表情符号交流的潮流。从短信到电子邮件,再到博客以及其他社交媒体网络,表情符号无处不在。随着社交媒体的迅速发展,表情符号正成为人们表达自己的思想感情的必要组成部分。
“emoji(表情符号)”一词源自日语,字面意思是“图片文字”。表情符号是用来表示思想、情感或心情的小符号。它们有不同的类别,譬如脸和人物、植物和动物、食物和饮料。
当1999年首次引入日本时,表情符号只有简简单单的176个图样。现在有超过3 000个表情符号详细描述了我们的交流方式。由于表情符号广受欢迎,牛津词典2015年的年度热词有史以来第一次收录了非传统词的图画文字
现在,表情符号越发受到欢迎。与书面语言相比,它似乎有明显的优势。人们喜欢表情符号,因为它们增强了情感的含义,使用起来既方便又快捷。实际上,这些符号与我们说话时使用的手势有异曲同工之妙。在信息或帖子中附加一个微笑或悲伤的面部表情符号,你的读者在阅读你的文字时就能“看到”你的面部表情。当人们找不到合适的词语时,也能通过表情符号来表达情感。比如,如果你的朋友要搬家到很远的地方去,你可以发一串哭脸,来表达自己对分离的悲伤。
表情符号的使用甚至已经蔓延到了古典文学领域。一个面向年轻读者的莎士比亚系列,选取威廉·莎士比亚广受欢迎的戏剧作品,然后用短信简写语和表情符号替代了一些词语。
这些改编的目的是让年轻读者更容易理解经典名著。不过,也有人认为,这些新版本丧失了莎士比亚戏剧的精髓。
正如我们所看到的那样,表情符号大有随处可见的趋势。表情符号的使用者表示,这些符号有助于人们交流和表达自我。不过,这使得一些人,尤其是教育工作者,担心人们正在失去用书面语言,乃至口头语言进行正常交流的能力。毕竟,现在宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的信息也不愿打电话的人恐怕不在少数吧?也许有一天,人们会选择用图片交流,却忘记了如何正确书写。到那一天,表情符号将会成为真正的图画“语言”。但是目前我们享受使用这些符号的乐趣就是最好的了。
Ⅰ.重点单词
核心单词
1. component n.组成部分
2. category n.类别
3. gesture n.手势,姿势
4. soul n.精神
5. facilitate v.促进;使便利
6. secondary adj.次要的,第二位的
拓展单词
7. expand v.(使)扩大;增加→expansion n.扩张;扩大
8. emotional adj.情绪(上)的,情感(上)的→emotion n.感情;情绪
9. intention n.意图,目的→intend v.打算
10. adaptation n.改编版→adapt vi.适应;适合
11. accessible adj.易懂的→access n.接近;通路
12. tendency n.趋势→tend v.倾向,易于
13. educator n.教育工作者→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的→education n.教育
14. urgently adv.紧急地;急迫地→urge vt.敦促,力劝;竭力主张n.强烈的欲望,冲动→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n.紧急,迫切
15. convincing adj.有说服力的,使人信服的→convince vt.确信,信服→convinced adj.确信的,信服的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. reply with 以……回复
2. search for 寻找,搜寻
3. a string of 一串,一系列
4. spread to 蔓延到
Ⅲ.重点句式
1.状语从句的省略
(1) While waiting outside the cafeteria (在自助餐厅外等候时),I received the following message from my friend.
(2) When first introduced in Japan in 1999 (当1999年首次引入日本时), emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.
2.with复合结构
With a smiling or sad face added to (在……附加一个微笑或悲伤的面部表情符号)a message or post, your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words.
3.“would rather... than...”意为“宁愿……也不愿……”
After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call (宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的信息也不愿打电话)?
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1.Why does the author tell the story about his communication with his friend?
A.To prove he is a fashion follower.
B.To show he is close to his friend.
C.To indicate emojis are very important.
D.To introduce the topic of emojis.
2.What do we know about emojis?
A.They were created by Japanese and most popular in Japan.
B.They are used to take away the heart and soul of the classics.
C.An emoji became the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015.
D.They have taken the place of traditional words in communication.
3.What is the author's attitude to the popularity of emojis?
A.Supportive.
B.Neutral.
C.Skeptical.
D.Critical.
4.What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To guide readers to use emojis properly.
B.To express his confidence in the future of emojis.
C.To inform readers the development and influence of emojis.
D.To entertain readers with examples of how emojis have been used.
答案 1~4 DCAC
[核心词汇]
1.expand v.(使)扩大;增加
(教材原句)Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate.
现在我们能使用3 000多个表情符号来拓宽我们的交流渠道。
(1)expand... into...把……扩展成……
expand upon/on详述,充分叙述,详细阐明
(2)expansion n.扩大,扩展
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)I will expand on/upon this topic in the next class to make you more clear about it.
(2)With the expansion (expand) of the city;the traffic problem is getting worse than before.
[写美]——应用文佳句
(3)我们的学校已经扩大了,是原来的三倍大。
My school has expanded into a big one , which is three times bigger than the previous one.
2.intentionn.意图,目的
(教材原句)The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers.
这些改编的目的是让年轻读者更容易理解经典名著。
(1)with the intention of抱有……的目的/打算
(2)intend vt.计划;打算
intend doing/to do sth打算做某事
intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth本来打算做某事
(3)be intended to do sth为了做某事
be intended for...专门为……而设计的;专供……使用的
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)I benefit a lot from the column intended (intend) for teenagers interested in western cultures.
(2)I had intended (intend) to clean up the house yesterday, but the water was cut off.
[写美]——一句多译
(3)我们学校组织了一场五公里的越野跑比赛,目的是增强我们的体力和脑力。
①Our school organized a fivekilometer crosscountry running race with the intention of improving our physical and mental strength .(intention)
②Our school organized a fivekilometer crosscountry running race, which was intended to improve our physical and mental strength .(intended;定语从句)
3.tendency n.趋势,倾向
(教材原句)As we can see, emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place.
正如我们所看到的那样,表情符号大有随处可见的趋势。
(1)a tendency to/towards... ……的倾向/趋势
have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事
(2)tend vi.趋向,倾向;往往会;vt.&vi.照管,护理
tend to/towards... 有……的趋势,倾向于……
tend to do sth往往会做某事
tend(to) sb/sth照料/照管某人/某物
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)Even soccer fans tend to have (have)a seat each;gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
(2)Personally,I tend to/towards the second plan, because it is more reasonable.
[写美]——一句多译
(3)当我们匆忙做事时,往往会犯错误。
①We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.(tend)
②We have a tendency to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.(tendency)
4.convincing adj.有说服力的,使人信服的
(教材原句)What supporting arguments does the author give to make the point convincing?
为了使这一观点令人信服,作者提出了哪些支持论点?
(1)convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
convince sb that...使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj.确信的;深信的
be convinced of...确信……;相信……
be convinced that...确信……
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)I have convinced David to take (take) up the challenge and decide to join in the crosscountry team.
(2)Scientists are convinced of the positive effects of laughter on physical and mental health.
[写美]——应用文佳句
(3)我深信我能胜任这份工作,如果有幸得到这个职位,我将尽最大努力履行职责。
I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.
[重点句型]
1.状语从句的省略
(教材原句)While waiting outside the cafeteria,I received the following message from my friend.
在自助餐厅外等候时,我收到了朋友的如下信息。
状语从句的省略条件:
(1)当when,while,though,even if,unless,if,as if等引导的状语从句中的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略;
(2)如果从句的主语是it,且从句中含有be动词时,也可将it和be动词一起省略。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept (keep) in the cage.
(2)In my opinion, when /whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.
[写美]——句式升级
(3)While I was working,I realized how hard it was to work in the fields in the hot sun.
→ While working ,I realized how hard it was to work in the fields in the hot sun.(状语从句的省略)(记叙文佳句之叙事)
2.“would rather... than...”意为“宁愿……也不愿……”
(教材原句)After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call?
毕竟,现在宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的信息也不愿打电话的人恐怕不在少数吧?
(1)would rather do/not do...宁愿做/不做……
(2) eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1( would rather do... than do...,would do... rather than do...,prefer to do... rather than do...))
eq \a\vs4\al(宁愿做……,而不愿,做……)
(3)would rather+从句 eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(过去时表示对现在或,将来的虚拟,过去完成时表示对过,去的虚拟))
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)I would rather you brought (bring) an appropriate gift when visiting your Chinese friend.
(2)Jane would rather her brother had visited (visit) her last weekend, but he was too busy then.
[写美]——一句多译
(3)为了过低碳生活,我宁愿骑车而不愿开车上班。
①To live a lowcarbon life,I would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work .
②In order to live a lowcarbon life,I would ride a bike rather than drive a car to work .
③I prefer to ride a bike rather than drive a car to work so as to live a lowcarbon life.
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1. run late 晚了;超时;延迟
2. follow the trend of 跟随……的潮流
3. with the rapid development of... 随着……的快速发展
4. word of the year 年度热词
5. for the first time ever 有史以来第一次
6. have an advantage over 比……有优势
7. written language 书面语
8. facial expression 面部表情
9. classical literature 古典文学;经典文学
10. heart and soul 精髓;全心全意
Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子
1.This is the most convincing (有说服力的) evidence that I can find to prove my point.
2.The house is old, but it is of great emotional (情感的) value to my father who spent all his childhood here.
3.I enjoy reading classical works themselves instead of their adaptations (改编) which tend to lose much of what the author wanted to convey.
4.我宁愿在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema .
5.吃饭的时候,你要听一些好听的音乐而不要看电视。
While having dinner , you should listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch TV.
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