Unit3 Section2 Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 一、过去进行时的被动语态的构成和用法 1．构成 (1)肯定句式：主语＋was/were＋being＋过去分词。 ◆Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。 (2)否定句式：主语＋was/were not＋being＋过去分词。 ◆The plan was not being carried out well this time last year. 去年这个时候那个计划进展不顺利。 (3)一般疑问句式：Was/Were(not)＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ ◆Was a new library being put up in their school just then? 他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？ (4)特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋was/were(not)＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ ◆Why was the boy being punished then? 当时那个男孩为什么被处罚？ [即时演练1]——句型转换 (1)His car was being repaired when I came in. →His car was not being repaired when I came in.(改为否定句) (2)They were holding a meeting when I arrived there. →　A meeting was being held when I arrived there　.(改为被动语态) (3)The man was being questioned by the policeman at that time. →　Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time？　(对The man进行提问) 2．用法 表示表示过去某个时刻/某段时间正在进行的被动动作，谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。常用的时间状语有at that time，at five yesterday，this time yesterday，the whole morning等。 ◆Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他们正在植树。 ◆You were being expected by them yesterday, but you didn't turn up. 昨天他们一直在等你，可你没有来。 二、过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作，一般过去时的被动语态强调的是某个被动动作已经发生。 ◆The farmer said the PLA men came to their rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm. 这位农民说当他们被困在暴风雪中时，解放军战士及时赶来营救。 ◆He spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam, and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of. 他不遗余力地为高考做准备，最终他被他一直梦想的大学录取了。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空 　(1)—Have you got your result of the final? —Not yet. I was told that the papers were being graded　(grade). (2)To protect the environment, some trees were planted　(plant) here last week. (3)—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn't you drive him there? —I would have. But my car was being fixed　(fix). [核心词汇] 1．emphasise v．强调 (经典例句)We cannot emphasise the importance of safety too much in daily life. 在日常生活中我们再怎么强调安全的重要性也不为过。 (1) emphasise the importance of...强调……的重要性；重视…… (2) emphasis n．强调；重视 put/lay/place emphasis on强调/重视…… [写美]——一句多译 我们强调质量而不是数量的重要性，以促进改革的坚实发展。 ①We emphasise the importance of the quality rather than quantity to promote the solid development in reform. ②We put/place/lay emphasis on the quality rather than quantity to promote the solid development in reform. 2．figure out想出；弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白；计算出 (经典例句)When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self­pity. 当出现问题时，要尽力想出解决办法，而不是沉浸在自怜中。 break out爆发 leave out遗漏，不包括 pick out精心挑选；辨别出 work out计算出；解决；锻炼身体 give out用完，耗尽；分发；发出，放出(光、热等) set out出发，动身 [练通]——用“动词＋out”短语填空 (1)Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. (2) When the war broke out　， George thought it better to get out before it was too late, so he came back to England. (3)Obviously the boy is the cleverest one of the class because he can work out such a difficult problem. (4)The teacher stressed again that the students should not leave out any important details while retelling the story. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The Xi'an City Wall was built　(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). 2．The lost boy was being searched　(search) for everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the park. 3．A football game was being watched　(watch) from 7：00 to 9：00 last night. 4．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated　(decorate). 5．The car was being driven　(drive)160 km an hour when they found it. 6．The survey about how high school students spent weekends was being conducted　(conduct) by the students from the Student Union of our school last term. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．实验室里有人正在做实验，这时突然停电了。 An experiment was being made in the lab when the power cut occurred. 2．我们听说被困在电梯里的人正在被营救。 We heard that people were being rescued after being stuck in the lift. 3．那时这些学生因把平板电脑带进教室而被惩罚。 The students were punished because they had brought their tablets to the classroom. 4．那个女士在手术室外面走来走去，因为她的儿子正在接受手术。 The woman was walking up and down outside the operation room, because her son was being operated on　. 5．(1)当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。 Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then. (2)当时有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。 Several patients were treated in the local hospital then. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He is thinking about changing his occupation　(occupy) and becoming a police officer. 2．—When shall we start the reconstruction　(reconstruct) of the old buildings? —Not until our program has been approved by the local government. 3．If you don't understand something, you can research, study and talk to your friends and teachers until you figure it out　， but don't give up. 4．The deserted factory has been torn down to make room for the public entertainment centre. 5．It is high time that we placed great emphasis on the improvement of food safety. 6．I didn't enter the bookstore when passing by it, for it was being decorated　(decorate) then. 7．The house which was destroyed　(destroy) in last week's storm belongs to the couple. 8．All eyes were on the television screen where a horse race was being broadcast　(broadcast). 9．The workers were not here then. They were being trained　(train) in the training center. 10．When we went into the chemistry lab, an experiment was being conducted　(conduct) by our tutor. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．上个月的这个时候，这座桥还在建设中，现在我们可以从上面通行了。 The bridge was being built this time last month　. Now we can cross it. 2．上周的周一到周五，我们一直在植树。 The trees were being planted from Monday to Friday last week. 3．在清洗时，有两只玻璃杯被打碎了。 Two of the glasses were broken when they were being washed　. 4．我们不得不改道，因为那条路正在被修理。 We had to take another way because the road was being repaired　. 5．他没去参加开幕式，因为他当时正在为即将到来的比赛接受培训。 He didn't go to the opening ceremony because he was being trained for the coming competition at that time. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 While I 1.　was studying　(study) at school two years ago, dramatic changes took place in my school.I was lucky enough to witness that many tall buildings 2.　were being built　(build). For example，a new library 3.　was being set　(set) up and would provide large quantities of books for us to read. Meanwhile, hardware facilities 4.　were being upgrade　(upgrade). For example, new all­ in­ one computers 5.　were being equipped　(equip) in the classrooms and air conditioners 6.　were being installed (install) in the dormitory buildings. During that time, what made us really excited was that the cafeteria 7.　was being repaired　(repair) and 8.　was expected　(expect) to offer healthy and delicious diet. I was glad to enjoy these changes, for they provided us with a better place to study and live. Although I have been away from school for one year，I still hope I can go back there one day. It's said that a new playground 9.　is being constructed　(construct) to enrich students' extracurricular activities at present and 10.　will be completed　(complete) at the end of next year. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Petrol and diesel(柴油) cars may still dominate our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87%of daily car journeys in the US. That figure rose to 98%in 2020. One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been“range anxiety”— drivers' concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA. Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags(标签) drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics. Plug­in cars will soon give internal combustion(燃料) engine models a run for their money. As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol­powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flights a reality. Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the study's findings and replace 87%of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61%. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission­free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。汽油和柴油汽车可能仍然主宰着我们，但很快会被电动车辆替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展。 1．What does the underlined word“hurdle”mean in paragraph 2? A．Aim.　　　　　 B．Barrier. C．Consequence. D．Step. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段首句可知，电动汽车被广泛采用的一个障碍是“里程焦虑”——司机担心在旅途中车会没电。由此可推知，画线词应意为“障碍”。 答案　B 2．In the past, why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars? A．They were expensive. B．They were very poorly made. C．They were not widely promoted. D．They couldn't travel at a high speed. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知，人们认为电动汽车太贵了，不值得买。 答案　A 3．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．To introduce the history of electric travel. B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars. C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars. D．To describe different ways that electric vehicles can be used. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是首句可知，电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路、海上及空中。因此，第四段的作用是描述电动车辆的不同用途。 答案　D 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．My Dream Car B．History of Electric Cars C．Problems with Petrol Cars D．Driving into the Future 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，汽油和柴油汽车可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，电动车辆的发展势不可挡。所以这篇文章最好的标题是“驶向未来”。 答案　D B Good news, coffee lovers：Your daily cup of Joe might be doing good to your heart，namely by helping to reduce the risk of heart failure, suggest the findings of a new study.In an analysis of data from three large studies on the topic, researchers found that those who reported drinking one or more cups of caffeinated(含咖啡因的) coffee a day had “a related decreased long­term heart failure risk”． For the report published in Circulation：Heart Failure, researchers used machine learning to examine data from a large study from the Framingham Heart Study，referencing this data against two other studies.“Each study included at least 10 years of follow­up, and altogether the studies provided information on more than 21，000 U. S. adult participants，”researchers said. When analyzing the Framingham Heart Study, researchers noted that when compared to non­coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers' risk of heart failure decreased by 5% to 12% for each cup they drank each day. As for decaffeinated coffee, researchers noted that it did not have the same benefits as caffeinated coffee, with one study suggesting that decaffeinated coffee may have an opposite effect. Dr. David Kao, senior study author, said in a statement，“The relation between caffeine and heart failure risk reduction was surprising. Coffee and caffeine are often considered by the general population to be‘bad’for the heart because people relate them to health problems like palpitations, high blood pressure, etc. The relationship between increasing caffeine consumption and decreasing heart failure risk turns that thought on its head.” “However, there is not yet enough clear evidence to prove that increasing coffee consumption can decrease the risk of heart disease with the same strength and certainty as stopping smoking, losing weight, or exercising，”Kao noted. The researchers also warned that the findings only focused on black coffee, that is, plain coffee, without added sugar and high­fat dairy products such as cream. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，每天喝一杯或几杯含咖啡因的咖啡会降低心脏衰竭的风险。 5．What's the finding of the new study? A．The number of heart failure cases has decreased gradually. B．Coffee can help lower the possibility of heart failure. C．Caffeine does harm to people's health. D．Coffee helps cure heart disease. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In an analysis of data... caffeinated coffee a day had ‘a related decreased long­term heart failure risk’．”可知，新的研究结果表明喝含咖啡因的咖啡可能会降低心脏衰竭的风险。 答案　B 6．How did researchers achieve their finding? A．By searching online for detailed information. B．By interviewing experts about their opinions. C．By conducting surveys among young adults. D．By comparing data from long­term studies. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For the report... researchers used machine learning to examine data from a large study... against two other studies.”可知，研究人员通过对比长期研究的数据，得出研究结果。 答案　D 7．What can directly affect the result of the study? A．The brand of coffee. B．The age of the subjects. C．The addition of caffeine to coffee. D．The amount of coffee consumption. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As for decaffeinated coffee... it did not have the same benefits as caffeinated coffee...”可推断，喝含咖啡因的咖啡才可能会降低心脏衰竭的风险，故咖啡中咖啡因的添加对实验结果有直接影响。 答案　C 8．What is Dr. Kao's attitude towards the result? A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Curious. D．Careful. 解析　观点态度题。根据前文及第五段中的“However, there is not yet enough clear evidence to prove...”可推断，他认为没有足够的证据表明增加含咖啡因的咖啡的消耗量能降低心脏衰竭的风险，因此他对研究的结果持谨慎的态度。 答案　D Ⅱ.七选五 Cinemas may completely disappear in the West. Every year, fewer people are going to the cinema. 1 It's the same story in the US, Canada and Australia. 2 High prices are one reason. A ticket can cost around ￡16 in London. But it's not only the tickets：prices of snacks in cinemas are often double those in a normal shop. Many people can't afford to go to the cinema. 3 With the rise of TV and film streaming services at home, there are a lot more choices than at the cinema. The UK's top streaming service offers over 5，000 films and TV shows to its customers, all for the cheap price of ￡8 a month. It used to be that only cinemas could offer a high quality film experience on a big screen, but that's changed. 4 Many even have “surround sound”in their living rooms, where sounds are played all around home. And at home fans can sit in a comfortable seat and eat their own cheap snacks. In addition, fans can really concentrate on a film by watching it at home. At the cinema, some people talk loudly about the cast and give away the plot. Even worse, little kids race up and down, crying and laughing. 5 In a word, social trends have changed moviegoing habits, as have new forms of competition from other media. A．Most people now have a large HDTV. B．At home, these problems don't exist. C．Nowadays, only 165 million tickets are sold in the UK. D．Instead of a night out, fans are choosing to watch films at home. E．People can't enjoy surround sound when watching films at home. F．It's certain that there will be no cinemas in the West in the future. G．There are many reasons why people have stopped going to the cinema. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了电影院可能会衰落并分析了其背后的原因。 1．C　根据下文“It's the same story in the US, Canada and Australia.(在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚都是这样。)”可知，本空应该讲述电影院在英国的状况。选项C(现在，英国只卖出了1.65亿张票。)符合语境。 2．G　根据下文“High prices are one reason. A ticket can cost around ￡16 in London. But it's not only the tickets：prices of snacks in cinemas are often double those in a normal shop. Many people can't afford to go to the cinema.”可知，本段主要介绍人们不愿意去电影院的原因。G项(人们不再去电影院有很多原因。)引起下文，符合语境。 3．D　根据上文“Many people can't afford to go to the cinema.”以及下文“With the rise of TV and film streaming services at home, there are a lot more choices than at the cinema.(随着电视和电影流媒体服务的兴起，相比于去电影院，人们有更多的选择。)”可知，空处应该是承上启下，开始介绍人们不去电影院，转而在家里看电影。D选项(粉丝们选择在家里看电影，而不是晚上外出。)符合语境。 4．A　根据上文“but that's changed”和下一句“Many even have‘surround sound’ in their living rooms(许多人甚至在他们的起居室里有环绕立体声)”可知，空处承接上文，表达的是现在人们在家观看电影的变化，即有新的高级设备。A项(现在大多数人都有一个大的高清晰数字电视。)符合语境。 5．B　根据上文“At the cinema, some people talk loudly about the cast and give away the plot. Even worse, little kids race up and down, crying and laughing.(在电影院，有些人大声谈论演员，泄露剧情。更糟糕的是，小孩子跑上跑下，又哭又笑。)”可知，本段讲了人们在家看电影时能集中注意力的原因。B选项(在家里，这些问题就不存在。)是对上文的概括，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Mobile payment has made our life 1. (convenience) by freeing us from the trouble of having to take our wallets with us. But a UK supermarket has gone one step 2. (far), allowing customers to pay with just 3. fingertip. Shoppers at the Costcutter store in Brunel University London can pay for items 4. (use) the special vein(静脉) pattern in their fingertips, reported The Telegraph. It's the world's first store 5. (make) use of such technology. This new method of payment 6. (mean) that customers can pay for items in just three 7. (second). Sthaler，8. is the company behind the technology, explained that it uses infrared scanners(红外扫描仪) to read the pattern of veins in the finger. It links this to the customers' bank details that 9. (keep) safe by payment provider Worldpay. The firm is also responsible for millions of online shoppers' details around the globe. The company said dozens of students from Brunel University London are already using the technology, and it hopes to have signed up 3，000 students 10. November. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了一种新型移动支付方式。 1．convenient　考查形容词。此处表示移动支付使我们的生活方便，应用形容词。 2．further　考查副词。此处表示“但英国的一家超市更进一步，顾客只需一个指尖就可以付款”。此处与其他超市作比较，应用比较级，表示抽象意义的进一步应用further。 3．a　考查冠词。此处表示泛指， fingertip为可数名词，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 4．using　考查非谓语动词。use与Shoppers之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词­ing形式作状语。 5．to make　考查非谓语动词。store前有序数词first修饰，所以此处应用动词不定式作定语。故填to make。 6．means　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时，又因主语为单数，故填means。 7．seconds　考查名词复数。second 表示“秒”时为可数名词，根据空前的three可知，此处应用名词复数。故填seconds。 8．which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，先行词是Sthaler，故用which。 9．are kept　考查动词的时态和语态。根据links 可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；that指代customers' bank details，与keep之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。 10．by　考查介词。根据语境“许多布鲁内尔大学的学生已经在使用这项技术，公司希望到11月前有3 000名学生签约”可知，此处表示“到……之前”，应用介词by。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$