人教版2019高中英语新教材必修一 Unit 5单词详解

人教版高中英语新教材 必修一 Unit 5 1. billion  /ˈbɪljən /  n. 十亿 2. native  /ˈneɪtɪv/  adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 3. attitude  /ˈætɪtju:d /  n. 态度；看法 It was his optimistic attitude to\towards life and hard work that finally led him to success. 4. reference  /ˈrefrəns /  n. 指称关系；参考 5. refer  / rɪˈfɜ:(r) / vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询;叫…求助于   (referred , referred , referring) 6. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 (1) refer ...to ... 把……提交给…… refer to ...as ... 把……称作…… (2)reference n. 提及；参考 reference books 参考书 　语境辨义/熟词生义 ①If you meet with the characters you don't know, you can refer to a dictionary or turn to others for help.查阅；参考 ②We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提到 ③The term “Arts” usually refers to humanities and social sciences.指的是 ④As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.把……提交给…… 7. system  /ˈsɪstəm /  n. 体系；制度；系统 8. despite  /dɪˈspaɪt /  prep. 即使；尽管 9. ups and downs  浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 Despite the ups and downs in his life, Mr Brown never stops learning new things. 10. factor  /ˈfæktə(r)/  n.  因素；要素 11. based  /beɪst/  adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 12. base  /beɪs/  vt.  以…为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据 (1)base ...on/upon ...　 把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础 (2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的 (3)basis n. 基础；根据 on a regular basis 定期 on the basis of ... 根据…… 单句语法填空 ①Based (base) on the earthquake that struck Tangshan in 1976, the movie After Shock is extremely striking. ②Candidates will be matched with a task based (base) on skill set. ③It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular basis (base)． 句式升级 ④The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading. →Based_on_an_interesting_story,_the novel was well worth reading.(分词短语作状语) →The novel based_on_an_interesting_story was well worth reading.(分词短语作定语) 13. date back (to ...)  追溯到 According to the expert, the temple has a history dating back to the early Tang Dynasty. (1)date back to＝date from 追溯到…… go back to 追溯到…… (2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的 up to date 最近的，新式的，现代的 (3)set a date for ... 确定……的日期 make a date with sb 与某人约会/预约 单句语法填空 ①Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history dating (date) back to more than 1，000 years ago. ②Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. 一句多译 无 “被动语态” 的短语： 1 date from=date back to 追溯到 ②come into being 诞生 ③take place 发生 ④belong to 属于 ⑤come into existence 成立；开始存在 ⑥break out 发生 14. bone  / bəʊn /  n. 骨头；骨(质)  15. shell /ʃel /  n. 壳；壳状物 16. symbol  /ˈsɪmbl /  n.  符号；象征 17. carve  / kɑ:v /  vt. & vi 雕刻 18. dynasty  /ˈdɪnəsti/  n. 王朝；朝代 19. variety  /vəˈraɪəti/  n.  (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 单句语法填空/词汇(句式)升级 ①The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary from 10 to 15. ②Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well­equipped facilities. →Our school has built a new stadium，which_has_varieties_of/a_variety_ of_well­equipped_facilities.(升级加蓝词；定语从句) [进阶学习] 系统归纳 a variety of=varieties of 　 种类繁多的；各种各样的 (2) vary v. 不同；变化；改变 vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 (3) various adj. 不同的；各种各样的 for various reasons 由于种种原因 难点解释 a variety of/varieties of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ③For your visit here, a variety of activities have_been_arranged (arrange) by far. ④A variety of useful information is_offered (offer) on that website, and that is why it is so popular. 20. major  /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/  adj. 主要的；重要的;大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 根据语境选出major的含义。 A．adj.主要的；重要的　 B．n.主修课程；主修学生 C．vi.主修；专门研究 1．At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop educational computer programs for children in preschool.__A__ 2．I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history as my major in college.__B__ 3．As far as I know, Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.__C__ (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①In fact, he encourages me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. ②Women are in_the_majority in the company while men are in_the_minority. 在这家公司，女性占大多数，而男性占少数。 [进阶学习] 系统归纳 (1)major in　　　　　　　主修…… (2)majority n. 大多数；大半 a/the majority of ... 大多数…… in the/a majority 占多数 (3)minority n. 少数 in the/a minority 占少数 难点解释 a/the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数；若集合名词视为个体，则谓语动词用复数。 ③The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far. ④Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny. 21. no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……  No matter which/Whichever tourist attraction you visit, you'd better eat various local food and experience local cultures and customs. 无论你参观哪个旅游景点，你最好去吃各种当地小吃，体验当地的文化和风俗。(no matter＋特殊疑问词) 22. dialect /'daɪəlekt/  n. 地方话；方言 23. means  /mi:nz/  n. 方式；方法；途径 (1)by this means　　　通过这种方法 by means of 借助……手段 by all means 一定，务必；当然可以 by no means 决不 (2)a means of communication 一种交际工具 单句语法填空 ①Every possible means has_been_used (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. ②All possible means have_been_used (use) to stop the river from being polluted. ③Students build up their vocabularies by means of reading more. 微写作 ④你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好餐桌礼仪的一种方式。 And you'd better practice using chopsticks in advance, which is also_a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners. 24. classic  /ˈklæsɪk/  adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.经典作品；名著 25. regard  /rɪˈgɑ:d/  n. 尊重；关注  vt.把……视为；看待 26. character  /'kærəktə(r)/  n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 27. calligraphy  / kəˈlɪɡrəfi /  n. 书法；书法艺术 28. global  /'gləʊbəl/  adj. 全球的；全世界的 29. affair  /əˈfeə(r)/  n. 公共事务；事件；关系 30. appreciate  /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /  vt.  欣赏；重视；感激；领会  vi.增值 (1)appreciate＋名词/代词/动词­ing形式 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if ... 如果……，我将不胜感激 [联想]　当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it作形式宾语，然后再接宾语从句。 appreciate＋that/wh­从句 理解/意识到…… (2)express/convey one's appreciation to sb 向某人表达感激之情 　单句语法填空 ①I appreciate being_given (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. ②From my point of view, we should learn to_appreciate (appreciate) life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs. ③I'm writing to express my appreciation (appreciate) for what you did for me during my stay in London. ④如果你愿意帮助我们，我将非常感激。 →I'd_appreciate_it_if_you are willing to give a helping hand to us.(appreciate) →I_would_be_very_grateful_if you are willing to do us a favour.(grateful) 31. specific  /spəˈsɪfɪk/  adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 32. CE  /ˌsi: ˈi:/  (Common Era) 公元 33. struggle  /ˈstrʌgl/  n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 (1)struggle for ...　　　　　 为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 (2)It is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事 单句语法填空 ①At present, China has to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties at home and abroad. ②Some farmers would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling_to_provide (provide) better education for their children. ③在短片中，你可以了解到我校一直在为更美好的未来而努力。 In the short film, you can learn that my school has been struggling_for_a_better_future． 34. tongue /tʌŋ/  n. 舌头；语言 35. point of view 观点；看法 36. semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/  n. 学期 37. gas  /ɡæs/  n. 汽油；气体；燃气 38. petrol  /'petrəl/  n.  (NAmE gas ) 汽油 39. subway  /'sʌbweɪ/  n. (BrE underground) 地铁 40. apartment  /ə'pɑ:tmənt/  n. (especially NAmE) 公寓套房 41. pants / pænts /  n.  [pl.] (BrE )内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE )裤子 42. beg  /beg/   vt.  恳求；祈求；哀求 43. equal  /'i:kwəl /  n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 (1)be equal to (doing) sth　　 胜任(做)某事 (2)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过 (3)have no equal＝without equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等；相等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；同样地 　单句语法填空 ①I'm not sure whether he is equal to the task, but I still choose to believe him. ②In my heart, Michael Jordan is without equal in playing basketball. ③Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is_equally (equal) interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. ④我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。 I am convinced that I am_equal_to_being_a_volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 44. gap  /gæp/  n. 间隔；开口；差距 45. demand  /dɪˈmɑ:nd/  n. 要求；需求  vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 (1)be in (great) demand　　　 (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand of sb to do sth 要求(某人)做某事 demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that ...(should) do sth　　　　　　 要求……(应该)做某事 demand从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。 (3)demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的；苛求的 单句语法填空 ①The teacher demanded that we (should)_struggle (struggle) to achieve our goals. ②Science graduates are in greater demand than liberal arts ones in China. ③Like running, race walking is physically demanding (demand), she says. ④因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们小心谨慎。 Because picking apples involved climbing trees, the farmers demanded that we should_be__careful_and_cautious． 46. vocabulary  /və'kæbjələri /  n. 词汇 47. description  /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/  n. 描写(文字)；形容 →describe vt. 描述 48. relate  /rɪˈleɪt /  vt. 联系；讲述 49. relate to  与……相关；涉及；谈到 Most people agree that there is a cause­effect relation between obesity and unhealthy eating. In other words, your health is related to what you eat.(relate) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$