第五节 时态-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（外研版2019）

必修 第一册 初升高衔接 1 第五节　时态 2 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 初高衔接 知识梳理 课堂检测 素养达标 3 初高衔接 知识梳理 4 一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观事实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加-s或-es。 2.句型结构:主语+v.(包括be动词)(+宾语)+... She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6:00 every day. 3.适用条件: (1)一般现在时通常与always、often、usually、every day、sometimes、once a week 等时间状语连用。 I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening. They go home once a week. We usually do our homework at home. (2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The light travels faster than the sound. (3)表示永久性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country. (4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将 来时。 If you ask him,he will help you. 4.第三人称单数动词变化规则: (1)一般情况下在动词词尾加-s。 come—comes　 speak—speaks live—lives work—works (2)以o、s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词,一般在词尾加-es。 do—does　go—goes　finish—finishes　brush—brushes　fix—fixes　pass—passes　watch—watches (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i加-es。 study—studies　carry—carries　cry—cries (4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词,在词尾直接加-s。 play—plays　stay—stays 5.否定句和疑问句。 (1)He isn’t an engineer. —Is he an engineer? —Yes,he is./No,he isn’t. (2)We don’t get up at 7:30 in the morning. —Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning? —Yes,we do./No,we don’t. 二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday、last night、some years ago、in 1990、in those days等连用。 I was a student 6 years ago. I went to Beijing last year. They saw a film last night. 2.句型结构:主语+v.过去时(+宾语)+... He left for Shanghai yesterday. I cleaned the room half an hour ago. When I was a child,I often played football in the park. 3.否定句和疑问句。 (1)He wasn’t busy yesterday. —Was he busy yesterday? —Yes,he was./No,he wasn’t. (2)He didn’t smoke last year. —Did he smoke last year? —Yes,he did./No,he didn’t. 4.动词过去式变化规则: (1)一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed。 work—worked　　　 call—called　 laugh—laughed explain—explained finish—finished knock—knocked (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d。 live—lived　change—changed　smoke—smoked die—died　graduate—graduated (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i加-ed。 study—studied　carry—carried　cry—cried try—tried　marry—married (4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-ed。 play—played　stay—stayed (5)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed。 stop—stopped　plan—planned　pat—patted (6)动词不规则变化: do—did　go—went　come—came　run—ran write—wrote　begin—began　drink—drank keep—kept　leave—left　sleep—slept　make—made lie—lay　dig—dug　eat—ate　know—knew　cut—cut　set—set　let—let　read—read　hurt—hurt 三、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now、at present 等时间状语连用。 We are waiting for you. 另外,现在进行时还可表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr.Green is writing another novel. (说话时不一定在写,只处于写作的状态) 2.基本结构:主语+be (am,is,are)+v.-ing+... You are listening to me carefully now. She is writing a report this week. Look! They are dancing. We are studying English at present. It is raining hard now. 3.动词现在分词的构成: (1)一般动词直接在词尾加-ing。 do—doing　read—reading　work—working think—thinking　study—studying　go—going watch—watching　jump—jumping (2)以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,应先去掉 e 然后加-ing。 like—liking　take—taking　leave—leaving live—living　receive—receiving　dance—dancing　come—coming　smoke—smoking　write—writing (3)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的动词,应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ing。 stop—stopping　begin—beginning dig—digging　swim—swimming run—running　sit—sitting 注意:listen—listening　open—opening　eat—eating rain—raining　sleep—sleeping 四、过去进行时 1.表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作, 通常与 at 6:00 yesterday、at this/that time yesterday、when 引导的时间状语等 连用。 2.句型结构:主语+be (was/were)+v.-ing+... It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter. We were reading when the teacher came in. We weren’t reading that book. Were you reading the book? What were you doing when the teacher came in? 五、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,通常与时间状语up to now、in the past、recently、by...、for 5 years、since 1994、so far、already、yet、ever、just等连用。 3.句型结构:主语+have/has+P.P(动词过去分词)+... I’ve finished this work. He has ever been to Australia. I have not heard from her recently. I have already read this book. —Have you finished the work? —Yes,I have./—No,I haven’t. What have you read recently? 4.过去分词的构成(变化规则同过去式的变化规则) 常用的不规则动词变化如下: A—A—A型 cost—cost—cost A—A—B型 beat—beat—beaten A—B—A型 become—became—become A—B—B型 hear—heard—heard A—B—C型 fly—flew—flown 六、过去完成时 1.以过去某个时间点为标准,在此之前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2.句型结构:主语+had+P.P(动词过去分词)+... The train had already left before we arrived. We had hoped that you would come,but you didn’t. He had finished his work before I got there. We hadn’t finished the job when the teacher came. Had you finished your job before that time? What had you done before you came here? 七、一般将来时 1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、next Sunday、soon、in a few days等连用。 2.主语+will/shall+v.原形+...(shall常用于第一人称) I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. —Will she be 20 years old? —Yes,she will./—No,she won’t. 3.be (am,is,are) going to They’re going to swim next Sunday. What are they going to do next Sunday? 4.be about to+v.原形(此时通常不与表示将来的时间状语连用) I am about to leave school. They are about to set out.(√) They are about to set out soon.(×) 5.其他时态表示将来的情况 (1)动词come、go、arrive、leave、start、begin、return用一般现在时表示将来。主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情(如列车时刻表等)。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. (2)在if、as soon as、until、when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 When Bill comes,ask him to wait for me. (3)现在进行时表示将来。意为“意图”“打算”“安排”,常用于人。常用词为come、go、start、arrive、leave、stay等。 I am leaving tomorrow. 八、过去将来时 1.过去将来时是立足于过去某时,从过去的时间点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。主要用于宾语从句中。 2.基本结构:主语+would/should/was/were going to+v.原形+... He said that he would have a meeting the next week.(过去将来时) He says that he will have a meeting the next week.(一般将来时) They said we should leave school tomorrow.(过去将来时) They say we shall leave school tomorrow.(一般将来时) 课堂检测 素养达标 33 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The sun always __________ (rise) in the east. 2.He often __________ (wash) his clothes on Sundays. 3.We will start as soon as our team leader __________ (come). 4.I _______________ (read) some newspapers at seven yesterday evening.  5.Now he ____________ (write) a book about New York.I don’t think he will finish it.  rises washes comes was reading is writing 6.Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening,but now he __________ (help) his schoolmates with their lessons.  7.How long ago __________ (do) you stop playing football? 8.It _____________ (rain) hard when I left my house.  9.It is reported that the railway _________________ (finish) in three years.  10.Our team __________ (win) every match so far this year,but we still have three games to play.  is helping did was raining will be finished has won 11.Where did you study before you __________ (come) to this middle school? 12.My uncle ______________ (work) in that factory since 1958.  13.His grandfather _________________ (die) for thirty years.  14.Since you don’t want to go,I __________ (go) alone.  15.It’s time you ________________ (have) a holiday.  16.His parents did not know why he __________ (do) his homework so quickly.  17.Yesterday a man __________ (hit) my car. 18.If we study hard,we __________ (pass) the exam.  came has worked has been dead will go had/should have had done hit will pass Ⅱ.翻译句子 1.到上个学期为止,我们已经学了好几年的英语了。 _______________________________________________________ 2.老师进教室的时候,学生们正在写作业。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ By the end of last term, we had studied English for several years.  When the teacher came into the classroom,the pupils were doing their homework.  3.上海位于中国东部。 ________________________________________________________ 4.她来时我将把这件事告诉她。 ________________________________________________________ 5.谁还没有交试卷? ________________________________________________________ Shanghai lies in the east of China.  When she comes,I’ll tell her about it.  Who hasn’t handed in the paper?  $$