UNIT1 Period 2 Reading and Thinking & Build up your vocabulary-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（人教版2019）

选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1　PEOPLE　OF ACHIEVEMENT Period 2　Reading and Thinking & Build up your vocabulary—Language points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1．physiology n．生理学；生理机能 Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 physical adj. 身体的＋ ology 学科→physiology 2．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 Trust is crucial for successful friendship. 相互信任对于维系友谊至关重要。 3．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 More and more people are aware that it is vital that we should learn to live in harmony with nature. 越来越多的人意识到，我们学会与自然和谐相处是至关重要的。 4．commit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n．忠诚；承诺 As a committed doctor, she makes a commitment that she will turn up whenever and wherever she is needed. 作为一名尽心尽力的医生，她承诺无论何时何地，只要有人需要，她都会出现。 5．academic adj.学业的；学术的 With my strong academic background, I am competent. 依我良好的学术背景，我能胜任。 academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 6．objective n．目标；目的adj.客观的 To achieve the objective, she and her scientific research team referred to traditional botanical treatments. 为了实现这一目标，她和她的科研团队参考了传统的植物疗法。 subjective adj.主观的 7．botanical adj.植物学的 Several new botanical species have been discovered in the last year. 去年发现了几种新的植物物种。 8．evaluate vt.评价；评估 Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation form below, please. 你想评估你的智力吗？请完成下面的测评表格。 evaluation n．评估；评价 9．property n．性质；特征；财产 His property was distributed among his sons.But unexpectedly, they had a conflict about the distribution. 他的财产分配给了他的儿子们。但没想到，他们却因为分配问题发生了冲突。 10．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 The results of the survey split these people into two distinct groups.The old were scholars of great distinction while the young were the opposite. 调查结果把这些人分成了两个不同的群体。老一辈的都是非常有名望的学者，而年轻人则恰恰相反。 distinction n．区分；差别 11．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 I found my son addicted to online games，which made me boil with anger. 我发现儿子沉迷于网络游戏，这使我怒火中烧。 12．liquid n．液体adj.液体的；液态的 The doctor recommended that the patient be fed liquid food. 医生建议病人应该吃流质食物。 13．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 On making future decisions, Jay recognized the importance of obtaining information about opportunities and challenged himself to learn about the big players in the field. 在做出未来的决策时，杰伊认识到获取机会信息的重要性，并挑战自己了解该领域的大公司。 obtainable adj.可获得的 14．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威)等，(公开)感谢 He acknowledged that Tom had helped him a lot so he wrote a letter in acknowledgement of his help. 他承认汤姆帮了他很多忙，所以写了一封信以答谢他的帮助。 acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 15．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 The defeat last night killed the team's chances of qualifying. 昨晚的失败使这个队失去了获得资格的机会。 16．analyse vt.分析 The teacher tried to analyse the cause of our failure and reminded us to pay attention to his analyses. 老师试图分析我们失败的原因，并提醒我们注意他的分析。 analysis n．分析 17．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 It is apparent that they have fallen in love with each other.Apparently they are getting married soon. 很明显，他们彼此相爱了。显然他们很快就要结婚了。 apparent adj.显而易见的 18．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 We insist on the highest standards at all times. 我们始终坚持最高标准。 insist on坚决要求 19．scientific adj.科学(上)的； 关于科学的 I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives in medical science. 我想成为一名科学家，在医学上发现科学突破，拯救人们的生命。 science n．科学 scientist n．科学家 20．wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear. 保险单不保正常使用所造成的损坏。 21．conclusion n．结论；推论 It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied. 结论是他没有告诉我们真相。我还得出结论，他撒谎了。 conclude vi.& vt.推断；得出结论；(使)结束 22．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 Many refugees have been forced to flee their homeland. 很多难民被迫逃离了祖国。 23．circumstance n．[ usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 I know I can trust her in any circumstances. 我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。 24．novelist n．(长篇)小说家 As we all know, Mark Twain, a famous novelist，wrote many excellent novels. 众所周知，马克·吐温，一位著名的小说家，写了许多优秀的小说。 novel n．(长篇)小说 25．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动 She lost control and the tears began to flow. 她禁不住泪如泉涌。 26．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划 Each colour on the chart represents a different department. 图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。 flow chart流程图 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2．____________ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3．____________ n．目标；目的adj.客观的 4．____________ n．性质；特征；财产 5．____________ n．提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 crucial vital objective property extract 6．____________ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 7．____________ n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 8．____________ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 9．____________ adv.主要地；一般地 10．____________ (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 11．____________ vi.& vt.(____________，____________)迅速离开；逃跑 obtain defeat insist mostly wear and tear flee fled fled 12．____________ n．[ usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 13．____________ n．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动 14．____________ n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划 15．____________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→____________ vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→____________ n．忠诚；承诺 16．____________ n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→____________ adj.学业的；学术的 circumstance flow chart committed commit commitment academy academic 17．____________ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→____________n．区别 18．____________ vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点→ ____________ adj.煮沸的，煮熟的→____________ adj. 沸腾的，激扬的 19．____________ n．液体adj.液体的；液态的→____________ n．固体→ ____________ n．气体 20．____________ vt.评价；评估→____________ n．评估；评价 distinct distinction boil boiled boiling liquid solid gas evaluate evaluation 21．____________ vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→_________________ n．承认；感谢 22．____________ vt.分析→____________ n．分析→____________ (pl.) 23．____________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然→____________ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 24．____________ adj.科学(上)的； 关于科学的→____________ adv.科学地→____________ n．科学→____________ n．科学家 acknowledge acknowledgement analyse analysis analyses apparently apparent scientific scientifically science scientist 25．____________ n．结论；推论→____________ vi.& vt.推断；得出结论；(使)结束 26．____________ n．小说家→____________ n．(长篇)小说 conclusion conclude novelist novel Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．If you are ____________ to your homework，you won't ____________ such a foolish mistake，so ____________ is very important.(commit) 2．It is the custom of this ____________ to award those who have achieved high ____________ performances.(academy) 3．I am not good at ____________，so I am not familiar with ____________ names.(botany) committed commit commitment academy academic botany botanical 4．We'd better ____________ his works in a proper way，otherwise our ____________ will not be fair.(evaluate) 5．Many ____________ are busy solving the ____________ problem using their knowledge in ____________．(science) evaluate evaluations scientists scientific science Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)________________ 2．坚决要求 ________________ 3．流程图 ________________ 4．死于(某种原因或疾病)________________ 5．与……有所不同 ________________ 6．对……来讲很重要 ________________ commit oneself to insist on flow chart die from be distinct from be vital for Ⅳ.选词填空 从上面默写核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to ________________ heart attacks. 2．In conclusion，only if everyone ________________ pursuing their dreams can they achieve them. 3．Country music ________________ jazz and I prefer the latter. die from insists on is distinct from 4．Since he worked for the government，the politician ________________________________________________ his work and he doesn't rest even on holidays. 5．Although these measures are not effective forever，they ________________ the economy. has committed himself to/has been committing himself to are vital for 词汇精研 1.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 [教材原文] Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据说仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的生命。 (1)________ is vital that we should never lower safety standards as life is the most important in the world. (2)(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)50%的学生认为课外学英语时看英文电影对他们来说很重要。 →50% of the students think ________________________________ __________when learning English outside the classroom.(it is vital to do...) →50% of the students think _________________________________ ________________when learning English outside the classroom.(it is vital that...) It it is vital for them to watch English movies it is vital that they (should) watch English movies be vital to/for...对……是至关重要的 It is vital to do...做……很重要 It is vital that...……是十分重要的(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略) 2．committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 [教材原文] Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦是一位尽心尽力、有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。 (1)These targets would not be achieved unless other departments showed equal ____________ (commit). (2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)致力于提高学生对国内外事务的理解，我写信邀请您参加我们的节目。 →_______________________________________________domestic and foreign affairs，I am writing to invite you to participate in our show.(形容词短语作状语) commitment Committed to enhancing students' understanding of →_____________________________________________________ domestic and foreign affairs，I am writing to invite you to participate in our show.(现在分词短语作状语) Committing myself to enhancing students' understanding of (1)commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit oneself to (doing) sth.专心致志于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事 commit oneself to (sth./do sth./doing sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) (2)be committed to (doing) sth.对……忠诚；致力于…… (3)commitment n．承诺；奉献 3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)，认可；告知收到；(公开)感谢 [教材原文] However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不甘心失败。 (1)The film festival is acknowledged ________________ an event of international importance. as (2)(应用文之感谢信)我写信感谢您在我被打败时给予我的鼓励和支持。 _____________________________________________________ that I obtained from you when I was defeated. (3)(记叙文之写人)我们的班主任被认为是我们学院最慷慨、最勤奋、最热心的老师。 Our headteacher ________________________ the most generous，hard-working and warm-hearted teacher in our academy. I am writing to acknowledge all the encouragement and support is acknowledged to be/as acknowledge sth.承认某事 acknowledge that...承认…… acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as...承认某事/某人是…… It is universally/generally acknowledged that...……是大家公认的；全世界都知道…… 4．defeat vt.战胜；击败 n．[U，C]失败，挫败 [教材原文] However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不甘心失败。 (1)The visiting team ________________ (defeat) by our women football team last night，which made our fans excited and proud. was defeated (2)The terrible disease was defeated only when many medical rescue teams arrived. →Only when many medical rescue teams arrived _______________________________．(部分倒装) (3)(读后续写之动作描写)在为可爱的妹妹赢得了一双鞋后，他抓起鞋子，像箭一样冲向家。 After he ____________________ for his lovely sister，he grabbed the shoes and rushed home like an arrow. was the terrible disease defeated won a pair of shoes (1)suffer a serious defeat遭受严重的挫败 (2)defeat sb.击败某人 辨析：①defeat和beat后都接sb.作宾语。在游戏和比赛中常用beat，侧重于比赛中击败对手；defeat既可以指比赛，又可以指战场上战胜对手。②win后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等名词，表示“荣获，赢得”。 5．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚持认为；坚决要求 [教材原文] Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要求在自己身上测试药物，以确保它的安全性。 (1)教授坚持说他没生病，但是医生坚决要求他应该吃药。 The professor insisted that ____________，but the doctor insisted that ________________________________． he was not ill he (should) take the medicine (2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)大卫坚持跑步，好像他已经忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。 David _________________________________________________， though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses 6.conclusion n．结论；推论；结束 [教材原文] Did you come to any conclusions? 你得出什么结论了吗？ (1)We will have a further discussion before we come to a ____________ (conclude). (2)He concluded his speech ____________ a famous saying“Where there is a will, there is a way”． conclusion with (3)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 →I ______________________________________________ a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion) →I ________________________________________ a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude) drew a conclusion from my own experiences that concluded from my own experiences that (1)come to/arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion总之；最后 (2)conclude v．下结论；总结；结束 conclude...with...以……结束…… conclude from sth. that 从……中推断出…… to conclude总而言之，最后 7．circumstance n．条件；环境；状况(常用复数) [教材原文] Her circumstances are beyond our control.她的情况超出了我们的控制。 (1)________________________ (在这种情况下), it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. (2)____________________________ (如果情况允许), I will spare no effort to help you. Under/In the circumstances If circumstances allow/permit (3)我的老师总是提醒我：一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。 My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances __________________________________ once I set them. should I give up my learning goals in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 under/in no circumstances决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) 句式剖析 1．过去分词作后置定语 [教材原文] In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 (1)There are only ten minutes ____________ (leave) before we hand in the English test papers. (2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)David who was bathed in extreme sadness couldn't resist sobbing. →David ________________________ couldn't resist sobbing.(过去分词短语作后置定语) left bathed in extreme sadness (3)(2024·1月九省联考，应用文写作)我们学校的英文报很高兴地宣布即将到来的写作比赛，主题是“携手行动，节约粮食”。 Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition ______________________________________． themed “Hand in Hand, Save the Food” 此句中的chosen为过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句who/that were chosen。 (1)单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰的名词前面；过去分词短语作定语常置于被修饰的名词后面。及物动词的过去分词形式表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词形式仅仅表示完成； (2)有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰的名词之后。 2．upon doing... [教材原文] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said，“The honour is not just mine...” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不只属于我……” (1)The ____________ the new smartphone could be bought, many fans ____________ went to buy one.(instant) instant instantly (2)(2021·浙江卷1月，读后续写)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。 →____________________________________________________，I sighed with relief.(as soon as) →__________________________________________________，I sighed with relief.(the instant) As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin →___________________________________________________，I sighed with relief.(immediately) →______________________________________________________ I sighed with relief.(hardly...when...) Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin Hardly had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin when (1)upon/on doing...当……时；一……就……(表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生) (2)表示“一……就……”的其他表达： as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than... 3．It is an honour for sb.to do sth. [教材原文] It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中药能够在全世界传播，确实是一种荣誉。 (1)I sincerely hope your dream will come true and ____________ is my honour to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. it (2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)我平静地说：“你决定不跑的话，真是遗憾。事实是，除了你自己谁也不能阻止你做你真正想做的事情。”他似乎受到了鼓舞，带着希望的微笑向起跑线走去。 I quietly said，“____________________ you decide not to run.________________ nobody but yourself can stop you from doing something you really want to do.” __________________ he was inspired and he moved up to the starting line，wearing a hopeful smile. It is a pity/shame that It is a fact that It seemed that 当句子的主语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句时，为了保持句子的平衡，常常使用it作形式主语，将真正的主语放在句子的后面。it作形式主语的常用句式： (1)It be＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do sth. (2)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 (3)It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 (4)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 (5)It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．____________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment. 2．____________ (evaluate) of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data have been collected. 3．He devoted his life to promoting world peace, so he ____________ (award) a prize. Apparently Evaluation was awarded 4．____________ (science) management promotes production. 5．Have you seen the exhibition at the ____________ (botany) garden? 6．The mill produces what is widely acknowledged ____________ (be) the finest wool in the world. 7．Here's some ____________ (boil) water.Have a drink whenever you're thirsty. 8．Many people make a sharp ____________ (distinct) between humans and other animals. Scientific botanical to be boiled distinction Ⅱ.选词填空 insist on; lead to; draw out; by chance; make a discovery; test (...) on...; commit oneself to; make sure 1．In science，it is important to be the first person to ________________． 2．If you ________________ practicing spoken English in your spare time，it will be improved sooner or later. make a discovery insist on 3．I don't have any cash on me and I'd like to ________________ some money from an ATM nearby. 4．After a long time of discussion，both sides __________________ _______ settling the dispute peacefully. 5．The new system may be more economical but will ___________ a decline in quality of the programme. 6．An artist discovered a long lost old Greek vase ______________ in a small village last week. draw out committed themselves to lead to by chance 7．The study's participants were ________________ science，maths，English and mechanical abilities. 8．When you are writing the progress report，please _____________ it's clear，concise，and accurate. tested on make sure Ⅲ.单句写作 1．我最尊敬的人是我的致力于教学并指导我们的班主任。(be committed to) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．他坚决要求直到实现我们的目标我们不应该承认失败。(insist that；acknowledge) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The person I respect most is my headteacher committed to teaching and guiding us. He insists that we (should) not acknowledge defeat until our goals get/are achieved. 3．同时，他总是强调养成良好的学习习惯的重要性，这对我们进一步的发展非常重要。(be vital for) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．显而易见，正是他的投入和指导使我们能够取得越来越多的进步。(it is apparent that...) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Meanwhile，he always stresses the importance of forming good learning habits，which is vital for our further development. It is apparent that it is his commitment and guidance that enable us to make more and more progress. 5．总而言之，我们班所有的学生都认为他是最值得尊敬的老师。(acknowledge sb. to be/as...) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ All in all，all the students in our class acknowledge him to be/as the most respectable teacher. 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．As the ____________ (植物学的) analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 2．Apart from my ____________ (学术的) studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in. 3．It is difficult now to ____________ (评估) the harmful effects that the disaster has on them. 4．____________ (显而易见), she took no notice of the mistakes she made in the accident. botanical academic evaluate Apparently 5．____________ (科学的) knowledge should be made full use of to help us live a happy life. 6．Jim ____________ (坚持认为) that the book Mr.Black referred to was worth reading. 7．It's indeed not easy for her to ____________ (获得，赢得) the honour in a foreign country. 8．He is widely ______________ (承认) to be the most famous writer in the world. Scientific insisted obtain acknowledged 9．There is no possibility that he will be ____________ (击败) in the game. 10．It is necessary to hold a(n) ____________ (客观的) attitude towards ratings. defeated objective Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It is vital ____________(analyse) the whole event carefully before making a final decision. 2．We insist ____________ forming a team with the objective of solving the complex problem as soon as possible. 3．____________(apparent)，I have committed a silly and unforgivable mistake. 4．The novelist is overworked at the moment—he has taken on too many ____________ (commit). to analyse on/upon Apparently commitments 5．Have you returned the novel ____________ (borrow) from the library last Sunday? 6．____________ is a pity that the theory hasn't proved to be scientific and practical. 7．____________ entering the classroom，the professor was welcomed by a burst of applause. borrowed It Upon/On Ⅲ.完成句子 1．另外，你应该注意餐桌礼仪，这是十分重要的。 Besides, ________________ you should mind your table manners. 2．大家认为这部电影具有指导意义，并且情感丰富。 ______________________ the film is instructive and full of emotion. 3．显然，我们的对手太强了。 ________________ our opponents were too strong for us. it's vital that It is acknowledged that It is apparent that 4．中国历来主张国家不分大小，应该一律平等。 China has always ________________________________________， big or small. 5．一听到这首歌，我的小女儿就会禁不住跟着它跳舞。 ____________________________， my little daughter can't help dancing to it. 6．我很荣幸邀请你作为特邀嘉宾。 ____________________________________ as a special guest. insisted that all countries (should) be equal Upon/On hearing the song It's a great honour for me to invite you Ⅳ.阅读理解 Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century.She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes (染色体). Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut.Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908.Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music.She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921.Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to study botany，the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University.She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923.McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell.She completed a master's degree in 1925.Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate. McClintock stayed at Cornell University after she completed her education.She taught students botany.The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States.The country was in the middle of the Great Depression.Millions of Americans were unemployed.Male scientists were offered jobs.But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell，Marcus Morton Rhoades，invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory.It was a research centre on Long Island, near New York City.McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department.A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory.This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid. By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research.McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了著名的女科学家芭芭拉·麦克林托克以及她在基因和染色体方面取得的重大成就。 2 3 1 4 1．When did McClintock get a doctorate degree? A．In 1921.　　　　　　 B．In 1923. C．In 1925. D．In 1927. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“She completed a master's degree in 1925.Two years later，she finished all her requirements for a doctorate.”可知，麦克林托克是在1927年取得博士学位的。 2 3 1 4 2．What happened in the middle of the Great Depression in the US? A．Male geneticists were in great demand. B．Young female scientists might have trouble finding a job. C．Female geneticists were not in demand at all. D．Male scientists lost their jobs and were out of work. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States.”以及最后两句“Male scientists...in demand.”可推出，年轻的女性科学家在大萧条时期很难找到工作。 2 3 1 4 3．Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock's research? A．A job as a botany teacher. B．A temporary job in the genetics department. C．A permanent position in the laboratory. D．A job to research cancer. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“A short time later，she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory.This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.”可知，在实验室长期工作对她的研究是有帮助的。 2 3 1 4 4．Why was McClintock awarded the Nobel Prize? A．Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes. B．Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research. C．Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes. D．Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.”可知，由于她在基因与染色体方面的发现，她获得了诺贝尔奖。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了出于对海洋的热爱，Emily Ashe在海洋生物学家和《国家地理》探险家Tierney Thys的影响和引导下逐步实现自己的梦想职业的故事。 1 2 3 4 A young girl named Emily Ashe traveled to Baja California with her family, snorkeling (浮潜) in the warm waters of the Sea of Cortez for the first time. 1 Thys answered Emily's questions and admired Emily's shells, curious stones, and other treasures from the beach—and helped plant the seeds of a future in marine biology. 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．The experience can be so transformative. B．Ashe credits Thys for playing a key role in leading her path. C．The end goal is to make a positive impact on our marine world. D．Ashe took the advice, going on to spend five summers as a camper. E．She also met Tierney Thys, a marine biologist and National Geographic explorer. F．Thys says firsthand exposure is key for developing a passion for the natural world. G．Thinking back on her adventure in Baja California, Ashe says the trip's snorkeling memories stand out. 答案：E 下文“Thys answered Emily's questions and admired Emily's shells, curious stones, and other treasures from the beach—and helped plant the seeds of a future in marine biology.”提及了人物Thys与Emily的互动，由此可推知，设空句应提及新人物Thys与Emily的见面。选项E讲到Emily与Thys第一次见面，上下文衔接紧密。 1 2 3 4 5 Emily Ashe is stable to become one of the world's newest marine scientists when she graduates this spring from Eckerd College in St.Petersburg, Florida. 2 “Thys was such an inspirational person who was so passionate about the ocean，” Ashe says. 1 2 3 4 5 A．The experience can be so transformative. B．Ashe credits Thys for playing a key role in leading her path. C．The end goal is to make a positive impact on our marine world. D．Ashe took the advice, going on to spend five summers as a camper. E．She also met Tierney Thys, a marine biologist and National Geographic explorer. F．Thys says firsthand exposure is key for developing a passion for the natural world. G．Thinking back on her adventure in Baja California, Ashe says the trip's snorkeling memories stand out. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 上文“Emily Ashe is stable to become one of the world's newest marine scientists when she graduates this spring from Eckerd College in St.Petersburg, Florida.”提及了Emily将会成为新一代海洋科学家，下文“‘Thys was such an inspirational person who was so passionate about the ocean，' Ashe says.”则提及了Emily对Thys的积极评价，因此可推知，设空句应是同样讲述Emily对Thys的评价。选项B是Emily对Thys在其人生道路上引导的认可，是积极的评价，符合语境，与下文衔接紧密。 1 2 3 4 5 3 “There was a huge ball with pelicans(鹈鹕) diving in and sea lions swimming up from the bottom，” she says.“Somehow I got into the middle of the excitement with everything swirling around me.It was a little chaotic for a 12-year-old, but it's still one of the most incredible things I've gotten to experience underwater.” 1 2 3 4 5 A．The experience can be so transformative. B．Ashe credits Thys for playing a key role in leading her path. C．The end goal is to make a positive impact on our marine world. D．Ashe took the advice, going on to spend five summers as a camper. E．She also met Tierney Thys, a marine biologist and National Geographic explorer. F．Thys says firsthand exposure is key for developing a passion for the natural world. G．Thinking back on her adventure in Baja California, Ashe says the trip's snorkeling memories stand out. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文的描述“‘There was a huge ball with pelicans diving in and sea lions swimming up from the bottom，' she says.‘Somehow I got into the middle of the excitement with everything swirling around me.’”，可知，下文描述的是当时作为小女孩的Emily在下加利福尼亚州的经历。因此，设空句作为该段中心句，应是概括性语句，且突出主题“下加利福尼亚州之旅”。选项G在句意上贴合主题，为概括性语言。 1 2 3 4 5 At that time, Thys recognized the new talented scientist's love for the ocean and suggested she attend California's Catalina Sea Camp, which offers summer sessions for ocean-loving kids. 4 She says the experience “opened so many doors”. Through those connections she landed in the marine science program at Eckerd. 1 2 3 4 5 A．The experience can be so transformative. B．Ashe credits Thys for playing a key role in leading her path. C．The end goal is to make a positive impact on our marine world. D．Ashe took the advice, going on to spend five summers as a camper. E．She also met Tierney Thys, a marine biologist and National Geographic explorer. F．Thys says firsthand exposure is key for developing a passion for the natural world. G．Thinking back on her adventure in Baja California, Ashe says the trip's snorkeling memories stand out. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“At that time, Thys recognized the new talented scientist's love for the ocean and suggested she attend California's Catalina Sea Camp, which offers summer sessions for ocean-loving kids.”可知，Thys提出了参加夏令营的建议，下文“She says the experience‘opened so many doors’．”则提及了Emily对于夏令营经历的回忆，因此，设空句作为中间句，应承上启下，提到Emily接受了建议。选项D“Ashe took the advice, going on to spend five summers as a camper.”在句意上符合分析，用在文中使得上下文衔接紧密。 1 2 3 4 5 Post-graduation, Ashe hopes to follow in Thys' footsteps to teach kids and the public about marine ecosystems.“My dream job is to be a naturalist on the expeditions，” she says.“ 5 ” 1 2 3 4 5 A．The experience can be so transformative. B．Ashe credits Thys for playing a key role in leading her path. C．The end goal is to make a positive impact on our marine world. D．Ashe took the advice, going on to spend five summers as a camper. E．She also met Tierney Thys, a marine biologist and National Geographic explorer. F．Thys says firsthand exposure is key for developing a passion for the natural world. G．Thinking back on her adventure in Baja California, Ashe says the trip's snorkeling memories stand out. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“My dream job is to be a naturalist on the expeditions”可知，Emily在讲述自己的梦想，因此可推知，设空句应讲述她作为博物学家的最终目的。选项C讲述了其最终目的是对海洋产生积极的影响，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 $$