UNIT1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　PEOPLE　OF ACHIEVEMENT 选择性必修第一册 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主学习 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主学习 Part 1　读前策略 【词汇攻略】 1．distinct adj.有区别的＋-ion→distinction n．区别 例：attraction吸引，吸引力；discussion讨论 2．acknowledge vt.承认；感谢＋-ment→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 例：development发展；agreement同意 3．后缀-ist表示“……的人”，常见的有：dentist牙医；artist艺术家；physicist物理学家；journalist新闻记者；cyclist骑自行车的人 【读文策略】 While reading a passage, you should pay attention to the descriptive words in it, which will help you form a better impression of the subject described in the passage.Plus, these descriptive words can show a vivid description for the reader(s). Part 2　教材原文助读 ①award vt.授予，给予(奖品或奖金) ②Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 physiology /ˌfIzi'ɒlədʒi/ n．[U]生理学；生理机能 ③artemisinin /ˌɑːtI'miːsInIn/ n．[药]青蒿素 ④crucial /'kruːʃl/ adj.至关重要的；关键性的 ⑤(a) treatment for...(一种)针对……的疗法 receive treatment 接受治疗 ⑥malaria /mə'leəriə/ n．[U]疟疾 ⑦save hundreds of thousands of lives拯救数十万人的生命 ⑧around the world世界各地 ⑨vital /'vaItl/ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 ⑩committed /kə'mItId/ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 ⑪school n．[C](高等院校的)学院，系 the business/medical/law school商学院/医学院/法学院 ⑫academy /ə'kædəmi/ n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 academic /ˌækə'demIk/ adj.学业的；学术的 high academic standards高学术水平 ⑬objective /əb'dʒektIv/ n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 with the objective/aim/goal/purpose of...有……目的 ⑭head n．[C，U]负责人，领导人 ⑮botanical /bə'tænIkl/ adj.植物学的 ⑯evaluate /I'væljueIt/ vt.评价；评估 ⑰property /'prɒpəti/ n．[C，常用pl.]性质；特征；[U]财产 ⑱distinct /dI'stIkt/ adj.有区别的；清晰的；清楚的 distinction n．[C]差别，区别，对比；[sing.]特点，不同凡响 ⑲promise n．[U]获得成功的迹象 show promise有希望，有指望，有前途 ⑳extract /'ekstrækt/ n．[U，C]提取物；[C]摘录 /Ik'strækt/ vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 ㉑sweet wormwood青蒿 wormwood /'wɜːmwʊd/ n．[U]蒿；洋艾 ㉒a collection of...一批/一群…… ㉓boil /bɔIl/ vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 boiling water正在沸腾的水 boiled water煮开过的水(可指凉开水) ㉔liquid /'lIkwId/ n．[U，C]液体 adj.液体的；液态的 solid n．[C]固体 adj.固体的 gas n．[C，U]气体 ㉕obtain /əb'teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 ㉖acknowledge /ək'nɒlIdʒ/ vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 ㉗defeat /dI'fiːt/ n．[U，C]失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 ㉘analyse (NAmE -ze) /'ænəlaIz/ vt.分析 analysis n．[U，C](对事物的)分析 carry out/do an analysis of...对……做分析 ㉙by chance碰巧；意外地 ㉚conclude vt.断定，推断出 ㉛apparently /ə'pærəntli/ adv.显而易见；看来；显然 ㉜draw out取出 ㉝substance /'sʌbstəns/ n．[C]物质；物品；[U]事实根据 without substance无事实根据 ㉞insist /In'sIst/ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 insist on坚决要求 ㉟test sth.on sb.在某人身上试验某物 ㊱a team effort团队的努力 ㊲traditional Chinese medicine中药 ㊳scientific /ˌsaIən'tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 TU YOUYOU AWARDED① NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine② has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin③，a crucial④ new treatment for⑤ malaria⑥.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives⑦，and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world⑧ get malaria each year，and about 600，000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital⑨ part of the treatment for malaria，and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. whose research...artemisinin是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，whose在从句中作定语；a crucial new treatment for malaria是同位语，用来解释说明artemisinin。 此处是“主语＋be thought＋不定式”句型。 Tu Youyou，a committed⑩ and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School⑪ in 1955.After she graduated，she worked at the China Academy⑫ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑬ of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.In 1969，she became the head⑭ of the project in Beijing，and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑮ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts，and evaluated⑯ 280，000 plants for their medical properties⑰.From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct⑱ ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise⑲ in the fight against malaria. 这是由and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，with the objective of...malaria作状语，表示目的；在第二个分句中，chosen是过去分词作后置定语，修饰the first researchers。 where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hainan，where在从句中作地点状语。 One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract⑳ from sweet wormwood㉑ to treat a fever.Tu's team tested a collection of㉒ dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling㉓ fresh wormwood，and using the liquid㉔ obtained㉕ from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge㉖ defeat㉗.She analysed㉘ the medical texts again，and by chance㉙，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded㉚ that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently㉛ destroyed its medical properties.Using a lower temperature to draw out㉜ the extract，she found a substance㉝ that worked.After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted㉞ on testing the medicine on themselves㉟ to make sure that it was safe.Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰one sentence；to treat the wormwood是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a different way。 此处是现在分词短语作方式状语。 此处是由“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词malaria patients。 which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词this medicine；which在从句中作主语。此时，which不可以用that代替。 According to Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort㊱.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine㊲.It is indeed an honour for China's scientific㊳ research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 10 ” upon/on doing...意为“当……时，一……就……”。 10 “It's an honour (for sb.) to do...”意为“(某人)对做……感到荣幸”，是演讲中常用的句型。 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖 2015年10月6日 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素——一种治疗疟疾的关键性新药物的发现。青蒿素拯救了数十万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。每年全世界超过两亿人感染疟疾，大约有60万人死于这种病。青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据说仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的生命。 屠呦呦是一位尽心尽力、有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医科学院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。起初，屠呦呦前往海南研究疟疾病人，在那儿疟疾更常见。1969年，她成为这个项目在北京地区的负责人，并决定查阅古代中医文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物学疗法。她的团队查阅了2 000多份古医药文献，评估了28万株植物的药性。他们在研究中发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法，这在对抗疟疾的斗争中带来了希望。 一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队试验了一批干青蒿叶，但没有发现任何效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的蒿叶煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也没有起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不甘心失败。她又分析了一遍这些医药文献，偶然发现了一句话，这句话说了一种处理青蒿的不同方法。她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。(通过)使用较低的温度进行提取，她发现了一种有效的物质。失败了190多次后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要求在自己身上测试药物，以确保它的安全性。后来，这种药在疟疾患者身上进行了试验，大多数患者都康复了。这种药很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物，被称为青蒿素。 正如屠呦呦所说，青蒿素的发现是团队努力的成果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不只属于我。我身后有一个团队，还有祖国的所有人民。这一成功证明了中药的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中药能够在全世界传播，确实是一种荣誉。” Part 3　语篇研析 1．What does the text mainly tell us? The text mainly tells us about________________________________ ____________________________________________________． the great scientist Tu Youyou and her achievements and contributions to medicine 2．Complete the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1：Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize for the ____________ of artemisinin. Para.2：Tu Youyou started the road to discovering the ____________ for malaria. Para.3：The hard ____________ of discovering the medicine. Para.4：Tu Youyou's attitude to her discovery and the ____________ of it. discovery treatment process value 3．What's the structure of the text? 答案：B 1．How many years did Tu Youyou spend discovering the artemisinin? A．5 years.　　　　　　　　 B．7 years. C．10 years. D．12 years. 答案：A 2．What inspired the team to test wormwood? A．A botanical treatment. B．A number of plants. C．The fight against malaria. D．An ancient Chinese medical text. 答案：D 3．Which is the correct order according to the text? ①tested dried wormwood leaves ②cured the malaria patients ③worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine ④used a lower temperature to draw out the extract ⑤went to Hainan A．③①④⑤② B．③⑤①④② C．①②③⑤④ D．①⑤②③④ 答案：B 4．Where would you most likely find this text? A．In a blog. B．In a book. C．In a letter. D．In a newspaper. 答案：D 5．Why is the discovery of artemisinin so important according to paragraph 1？Please locate the numbers and the related verbs in this paragraph. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people.It is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 6．What do the numbers in paragraph 1 suggest? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．Find two adjectives describing the discovery of artemisinin. ___________________________ These numbers suggest how big a problem malaria is and the great significance of the discovery of artemisinin. Crucial，vital. 8．What do the numbers in Para.2－3 suggest? ______________________________________________________________________ These numbers suggest the patience and persistence of Tu and her team. 9．How did Tu Youyou summarize her success? ·She thought the discovery of artemisinin was ________________． ·This success ______________________ of traditional Chinese medicine. ·It is indeed ______________________________________________ ______________ to be spread around the world. a team effort proves the great value an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine In October 2015，Tu Youyou，a 1.____________ (commit) and patient scientist，was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin which has saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930.She was among the first researchers 2.____________ (choose) to study a new treatment for malaria.After examining over 2，000 ancient Chinese medical texts and 3.________________ (evaluate) committed chosen evaluating 280，000 plants for their medical 4.____________ (property)，she and her team found a medical text suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.However，they 5.____________ (encounter) many difficulties when drawing out the extract.After failing more than 190 times，they 6.____________ (final) succeeded in 1971.To make sure the medicine was safe，they tested it on themselves first and then on malaria patients，most of 7.__________ recovered.The medicine called artemisinin soon became a standard treatment for malaria. properties encountered finally whom According 8.____________ Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.She thinks that her success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine and it's 9.____________ honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine 10.____________ (spread) around the world. to an to be spread Ⅰ.词块 1．一种治疗疟疾的关键性新药物 ________________________ ____________________ 2．一位坚定而又有耐心的科学家 ________________________ ____________ 3．组建一个科学家团队 ____________________________ a crucial new treatment for malaria a committed and patient scientist form a team of scientists 4．首批入选的研究人员 ___________________________ 5．成为项目负责人 _____________________________ 6．在对抗疟疾的斗争中带来希望 __________________________ _____________________ 7．发现没有效果 ________________________ 8．项目陷入困境 ________________________ the first researchers chosen become the head of the project show promise in the fight against malaria find no effect the project gets stuck 9．失败超过190次之后 ___________________________________ 10．团队努力 ________________________ after failing more than 190 times a team effort Ⅱ.长难句分析 1．This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. [句式分析]　本句是______句，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin是定语从句，修饰先行词 Tu Youyou; a crucial new treatment for malaria是 ____________的同位语。 复合 artemisinin [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素——一种治疗疟疾的关键性新药物的发现。 2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. [句式分析]　本句是______句，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists是前面的简单句，with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria作状语，表示目的； Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen是后面的简单句，过去分词chosen作______，表示被动。 并列 定语 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 3．They then tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either. [句式分析]　本句是______连接的并列句，句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列______，obtained from this是过去分词短语作定语，修饰liquid，to treat malaria是不定式短语作______状语。 but 宾语 目的 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 然后，他们试着把新鲜的蒿叶煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也没有起作用。 4．She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. [句式分析]　本句是______句，concluded后的that引导的是______从句，在该从句中boiling the sweet wormwood是动名词短语作______，____________作谓语。 复合 宾语 主语 destroyed [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ 她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W．Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W．W.Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work.In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing. Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins. Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years.There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work. Although Tyler officially retired (退休) in 1967, he never actually retired.He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad.Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇人物故事类短文。美国教育家Ralph W．Tyler一生从事教育教学研究工作，直至晚年仍不断为教育事业奔走服务，贡献力量。 2 3 1 4 1．Who are most probably interested in Ralph W．Tyler's memoir? A．Top managers.　　　　 B．Language learners. C．Serious educators. D．Science researchers. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一句话“Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn...”不难看出，最有可能对Ralph W．Tyler的回忆录产生兴趣的是教育工作者。 2 3 1 4 2．The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean ． A．attracted to teaching B．tired of teaching C．satisfied with teaching D．unhappy about teaching 2 3 1 4 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education”可知，既然Tyler能弃医从教，说明他对教育很痴迷。be hooked on意为“着迷于……的”。 2 3 1 4 3．Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years? A．The University of Chicago. B．Stanford University. C．Ohio State University. D．Nebraska University. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years.(Tyler是斯坦福大学行为科学高级研究中心的首位主任，他担任该职位长达14年)”可知，选B。 2 3 1 4 4．Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ． A．he developed a new method of testing B．he called for free spirit in research C．he was still active in giving advice D．he still led the Eight-Year Study 2 3 1 4 C 细节理解题。作者在文章的最后一段提到尽管Tyler在1967年退休，但他并未停止在美国国内及世界各地从事与教育有关的活动，他对教学及管理方面的建议至今仍有现实意义。 2 3 1 4 B One day，when Albert Einstein was a small boy，his father bought him a compass (指南针).It was a small toy to entertain him.Einstein was very pleased as he looked at the “magic” thing turning towards north.For him，the compass was not a toy but a new world. He was a curious child and would often daydream.His father was furious with him for the bad reports from his teachers.They told him that the boy was not interested in his studies.He was blamed by his father for being lost in his foolish dreams. On leaving school，his father wanted him to study electrical engineering.But he disliked becoming an engineer.He entered the Zurich Polytechnic Academy to prepare himself for a teaching position in mathematics and physics.Though he finished his studies，he was unable to get a job. Finally，he got a job in an office.In his spare time，he filled his notepaper with difficult mathematical formulas.Some of these later led to great scientific discoveries.When they were published，he became a famous scientist.He could not take his daily walk without being surrounded by reporters.He would only smile at them，and went on with his work in his quiet way. In 1921，Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize.The Queen of Belgium invited him to pay her a visit.He got off the train and walked to the palace.He wasn't willing to take the car sent to pick him up.When the Queen asked him，he looked at her with a smile and answered，“It was a very pleasant walk.” Einstein disliked wealth.Peace，he said，was what the world needed，and that could not be bought with money. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了爱因斯坦的一些趣事，他从小喜欢幻想，成名以后视名誉和金钱如粪土，却无比热爱和平。 5 6 7 8 5．Why did Einstein's father buy him a compass? A．To satisfy his curiosity. B．To let him play with it. C．To develop his interest in science. D．To help him create a dream world. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It was a small toy to entertain him.”可知，爱因斯坦的爸爸给他买指南针的目的是让他玩耍。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “furious” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Familiar. B．Strict. C．Angry. D．Content. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the bad reports from his teachers”以及“He was blamed by his father for being lost in his foolish dreams.”可知，爱因斯坦小时候经常做白日梦，对学习不感兴趣，学习成绩很差，他的父亲责备他整日沉浸在他愚蠢的幻想中，由此可知，他的父亲从他老师那里得到坏的报告后会很生气，所以furious意为“恼怒的；生气的”。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we learn about Einstein from paragraph 4? A．He cared little for fame. B．He was not good at talking. C．He was praised by the Queen. D．He didn't work as an officer for long. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段的“He would only smile at them，and went on with his work in his quiet way.”可知，爱因斯坦成名之后，仍旧不受干扰，继续工作，这说明他对名誉看得很淡。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a new theory. B．To contribute to world peace. C．To remember a great scientist. D．To share some incidents about Einstein. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 写作目的题。综合全文可知，本文介绍了有关爱因斯坦的一些趣事，故选D项。 5 6 7 8 $$