UNIT1 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（人教版2019）

必修 第一册 UNIT 1　TEENAGE LIFE Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法：Noun phrases，adjective phrases，and adverb phrases (名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性 1．The first week was a little confusing. 2．The building is so big that I'm completely lost. 3．My first French class was very confusing.The teacher spoke so fast! 自我感悟： 1．所有黑体部分都是____________。 2．the first week，the building，my first French class和the teacher属于____________短语。 3．a little confusing，so big，completely lost，very confusing属于____________短语。 4．so fast自成一体，属于____________短语。 短语(词组) 名词 形容词 副词 [知识精要] 短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。了解短语知识对于快速、准确地理解句子意义及划分句子结构大有裨益。在高中阶段，常见的短语形式有：名词短语(Noun Phrases)、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)、介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)及动词短语(Verb Phrases)等。本单元只讲解前面三种形式。 一、名词短语(Noun Phrases) 名词短语指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式： 限定词＋名词　如：the girl 限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词　如：a beautiful girl 限定词＋名词＋介词短语　如：a beautiful campus of my school 限定词＋描述性名词＋名词　如：my school life 注意：(1)限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that/these/those等)、物主代词(my/your/his/her/our/their等)、不定代词(some/no/neither/both等)和数词(one/two/first/second等)。 (2)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词——描绘词——出处——材料性质——类别——名词。如： a small round table/a tall gray building/a dirty old brown shirt/a famous German medical school/an expensive Japanese sports car 顺口溜记忆：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。 ①These red roses are for you.这些红玫瑰是送给你的。(名词短语these red roses 的构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中作主语) ②I have three close friends.我有三个亲密的朋友。(名词短语three close friends的构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中作宾语) ③There are some red roses on that small table.在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。(名词短语some red roses on that small table的构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，该短语在句中作主语；另外，that small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语) 二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases) 形容词短语指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式： 副词＋形容词　如：very suitable 形容词＋enough　如：good enough 形容词＋介词短语　如：good for nothing 副词＋形容词＋介词短语　如：well worthy of praise ①Your room is large and beautiful.你的房间又大又漂亮。 (形容词短语large and beautiful的构成形式：形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中作表语) ②The room was awfully dirty.这屋子太脏了。(形容词短语awfully dirty的构成形式：副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作表语) ③The most beautiful bird I have ever seen is peacock.我曾见过的最漂亮的鸟是孔雀。(形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式：副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird) ④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。(形容词短语really happy的构成形式：副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语) 三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases) 副词短语指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式： 副词＋副词　如： much more beautifully ①Bill did the work very well.比尔把这项工作做得很好。(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语very well修饰动词did) ②We are all entirely responsible for our actions.我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。(副词短语all entirely修饰形容词短语responsible for) 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.写出下列句子中加黑部分的短语类型 1．We were passing by a boat house when we met her. ____________ 2．Two of my brother's friends came to see him off.____________ 3．She will explain quite clearly what she intends to do in the future. ____________ 4．Quite properly，she was punished.____________ 名词短语 名词短语 副词短语 副词短语 5．He is inexperienced，but he is quite clever.____________ 6．The fruit is good to eat.____________ 7．The servant was afraid to wake up his master.____________ 8．I didn't need to answer the question，which saved me a lot of trouble.____________ 9．The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.____________ 10．Always nervous，the man opened the letters.____________ 形容词短语 形容词短语 形容词短语 名词短语 名词短语 形容词短语 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我有信心你会玩得很开心。 I have the confidence that you will have ________________． 2．我十分高兴收到你的来信。 I am ___________________ to hear from you. a great time very delighted　 3．首先，我想对你表达最热烈的欢迎，我确信你在北京上大学期间会有最难以忘怀的经历。 First, I would like to express __________________________ and I am sure you will have __________________________________ ________________________. 4．另外，我很快会用电子邮件把我们的训练计划发给你，希望你能提出一些建设性的意见。 What's more, I will e-mail you ______________________， hoping you can ________________________________． my warmest welcome to you the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing our training plan soon offer some constructive suggestions 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.选词填空 get used to, sign up for, hand out, keep up with，deal with, compare with，prepare for, graduate from, clean up, try out for 1．________________ his brother, Jerry is more easily troubled by relationship problems. 2．I can't go to the basketball match with you this evening because I must __________________________ the exam. Compared with prepare for 3．Almost 5 years has passed since my brother ________________ Shandong University. 4．My brother ________________ listening to some light music before sleep every night. 5．In order to enrich my knowledge, I have ________________ a distance-learning course. 6．The company hired several employees to ____________ leaflets to people on the street. graduated from gets used to signed up for hand out 7．I love technology and try to ______________ it so I can relate to my classmates. 8．Ordinary soap, used correctly, can ___________ the bacteria (细菌) effectively. 9．The teacher blamed me yesterday afternoon for not having _____________ the classroom. 10．Tom ______________ the school basketball team, but was refused by the coach. keep up with　 deal with cleaned up tried out for Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I am very pleased to have this opportunity to stand here and ____________________(给你们演讲). 2．Parents should talk to their children but ________________(同时) they should lend an ear to what their children have to say. give you a speech at the same time 3．We went to the seaside during the summer holiday and we all ___________________(玩得很愉快) there. 4．A famous professor from Shandong University will give us a talk on how to _____________________(提高英语口语). 5．Mary wants to __________________(与……交朋友) Jane because both of them like playing the piano. had a lot of fun improve spoken English make friends with Ⅲ.阅读理解 When I was a little girl, I remember that when my dad was repairing something，he would ask me to hold the hammer (锤子), so we would have time for a conversation with each other.I never saw my dad drinking or taking a night out.All he did after work was taking care of his family. I grew up and left home for college and since then, my dad had been calling me every Sunday morning.And when I bought a house several years later, my dad painted it by himself in the fierce summer heat.All he asked was to talk to him, but I was too busy in those days. Four years ago, my dad visited me.He spent many hours putting together a swing for my daughter.He asked me to have a talk with him, but I had to prepare for a trip that weekend. One Sunday morning we had a telephone talk as usual.I noticed that my dad had forgotten some things that we discussed lately.I was in a hurry, so our conversation was short.Several hours later that day I received a call.My father was in hospital.Immediately，I bought a plane ticket and on my way I was thinking about all the occasions I missed to have a talk with my dad.By the time I arrived at the hospital, my father had passed away.Now it was he who did not have time for a conversation with me.I realized how little I knew about my dad, his deepest thoughts and his dreams. After his death I learned much more about him and even more about myself.All he ever wanted was my time.And now he has all my attention every single day. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。小时候作者经常与父亲谈话，成年后却总没有时间，直到父亲去世后作者才意识到父亲期盼的是作者有时间与他谈话。 2 3 1 4 1．When the author was a little girl, she ． A．liked playing on the swing B．often talked with her father C．was good at repairing things D．learned to take care of her family 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...so we would have time for a conversation with each other.”可知，作者小时候经常与父亲谈话，故选B项。 2．When at college, the author ． A．received a call from her father every Sunday morning B．phoned her father every Sunday morning C．asked her father to call her every Sunday D．asked her father to talk with her 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句可知，作者上大学时，父亲每周日早晨都会给她打电话，故选A项。 2 3 1 4 3．Why did the author fail to have a talk with her father four years ago? A．Because she had got tired of talking with him. B．Because she was busy painting her house. C．Because her daughter asked her to play. D．Because she was busy planning a trip. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，四年前，父亲想和作者谈话，但是作者当时忙着准备周末的旅行，没有和父亲谈话，故选D项。 2 3 1 4 4．When did the author begin to regret missing the talks with her father? A．After her father's sudden death. B．Many years after her father's death. C．On her way to the hospital to see her father. D．As soon as she got the news that her father was ill. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...on my way I was thinking about all the occasions I missed to have a talk with my dad.”可知，作者在去医院的路上开始想所有错过的与父亲谈话的机会，故选C项。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 When I was a boy, our extended, immigrant family would sometimes gather together at my great aunt's tiny house over the summer. Those were the days 1 video games, smartphones, and motorized toys, so we often 2 playing a good old-fashioned game of tag (捉人游戏).I 3 one of those times especially.I was the youngest and smallest of all the kids there so I got 4 first and couldn't catch anyone else.As hard as I 5 after my brothers and cousins, they were all too 6 for me.I grew more and more 7 ．I finally rushed to one of my brothers and 8 face first into the dirt.I got up with 9 in my eyes.Then I saw one of my female 10 standing there.She started to run but was going much 11 than before.I easily caught up and tagged her.Then she turned to me， 12 ， and said，“It's my turn! You'd better run！” I ran off 13 while she turned and started to run after one of my older brothers. I see now how her act of 14 that day saved me from sadness and returned me to joy.It didn't 15 that we hardly ever saw each other.We were family and she loved me. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了儿时家族聚会小孩子们在一起玩“捉人”游戏时，他的一个表姐帮助他的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.with　　　　　　　　 B．before C．for D．on 答案：B 根据语境可知，下文叙述的活动发生在电子游戏、智能手机和电动玩具出现前(before)的日子。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.put off B．kept from C．went on D．ended up 答案：D 根据语境可知，因为儿时没有电子游戏、智能手机和电动玩具，所以“我们”最后玩捉人游戏。put off“推迟”；keep from“抑制”；go on“继续”；end up“到头来”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.consider B．remember C．choose D．enjoy 答案：B 根据下文内容可知，这里表示“我”尤其记得(remember)其中一次。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.defeated B．bullied C．caught D．found 答案：C 根据上文中的“playing a good old-fashioned game of tag”以及下文中的“couldn't catch anyone else”可知，作者是第一个被抓(caught)的。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.ran B．sought C．shouted D．searched 答案：A 根据上文中的“couldn't catch anyone else”可知，这个游戏是要抓人，因此“我”追赶其他人。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.strong B．rude C．hard D．fast 答案：D 根据上文中的“I was the youngest and smallest of all the kids there”以及my brothers and cousins可知，这里说的是他们对“我”来说都太快(fast)了。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.puzzled B．interested C．upset D．excited 答案：C 根据上文中的“As hard as I 5 after my brothers and cousins, they were all too 6 for me.”可知，因为“我”抓不住其他人，“我”越来越沮丧(upset)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.fell B．threw C．hid D．lost 答案：A 根据下文中的“I got up”可知，这里说的是最后“我”冲到“我”的一个哥哥跟前，脸朝下摔(fell)到地上。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.stars B．darkness C．dirt D．tears 答案：D 根据下文中的in my eyes可知，这里说的是“我”眼含泪水(tears)地站起来。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.sisters B．cousins C．fellows D．enemies 答案：B 根据上文my brothers and cousins以及下文“She started to run”可知，这里指的是“我”的一个表姐(cousins)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.nearer B．farther C．slower D．faster 答案：C 根据上文中的转折连词but以及比较对象than before和下文中的“I easily caught up and tagged her.”可知，她开始跑，但跑得比以前慢得多。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.annoyed B．teased C．angered D．smiled 答案：D 根据语境可知，“我”表姐是要帮“我”，所以她那时应该是转向“我”，微笑(smiled)着说：“该我了！你最好快跑！”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.happily B．freely C．sadly D．luckily 答案：A 根据语境可知，“我”被替换下来，“我”应该是高兴地(happily)跑开了。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.education B．kindness C．gratitude D．cheat 答案：B 根据上文可知，是表姐的这种友善(kindness)的行为把“我”从悲伤中拯救了出来，并使“我”恢复了快乐。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.matter B．help C．turn D．mind 答案：A 根据下文中的“We were family and she loved me.”可知，这里表达的是“我们”几乎没见过面，不过也没关系(matter)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。年轻就是财富，虽然青春终会消逝，但奋斗所取得的成就会让我们的人生更加丰富。 Youth is a kind of wealth.It will gradually disappear with time 1. (go) by.What can we do to fulfill our youth? In my opinion, for one thing, it is to realise our value and ideas that 2. (matter) a lot.No matter what our ideas are, we must try hard to make them come true.When we are young we are full of energy.We have the 3. (good) conditions in our lives—good memories, good understandings and so on.We should make full use of these conditions 4. (study) more. 1．考查非谓语动词。with time going by意为“随着时间的流逝”。 答案：going 2．考查主谓一致。句意：在我看来，一方面，实现自己的价值和想法是非常重要的。该句为强调句，强调的是不定式短语to realise our value and ideas，在句中作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 答案：matters 3．考查形容词的最高级。句意：我们有一生中最好的条件……。根据in our lives可知，此处用最高级。 答案：best 4．考查非谓语动词。make full use of sth.to do sth.意为“充分利用某物做某事”。此处不定式作目的状语。 答案：to study For 5. ， we should do things as we really want to do.To be sure, they must enrich our lives，6. can make it possible for us to gain many different experiences that are worth 7. (remember) when we are old. 5．考查固定短语。上文提到for one thing“一方面”，故此处用for another，表示“另一方面”。 答案：another 6．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：肯定的是，它们一定能丰富我们的生活，这会让我们积累很多不同的经历……。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，故用which。 答案：which 7．考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”。 答案：remembering Then when we are really old and cannot move any 8. (long), we can be proud of the 9. (achieve) we had when we were young 10. we can say we have no regrets in our lives. 8．考查固定搭配。not...any longer意为“不再……”。 答案：longer 9．考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填名词，且成就不止一个，故用复数形式。 答案：achievements 10．考查连词。我们能为我们年轻时所取得的成就感到骄傲，可以说没有任何遗憾。两个句子是并列关系。 答案：and $$