WELCOME UNIT Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（人教版2019）

必修 第一册 WELCOME UNIT Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法：Basic sentence structures (基本句型) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 观察下列句子并思考黑体部分的功能 1．The class was difficult. 2．I couldn't concentrate on the experiment. 3．The lab is new and the lesson was great. 4．I miss my friends from junior high school. 5．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 6．The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. 7．I just had my first maths class at senior high school! 自我感悟： 主语 谓语 表语 宾语 宾语补足语 定语 状语 [知识精要] 一、句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 二、基本句子结构 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，英语中最基本的句式有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下： 1．主语＋谓语(S＋V) SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点： 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思， 这类动词叫不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 只有时间能够证明。 小男孩正在哭泣。 2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O) SVO句式句型特点： 谓语动词均为实义动词， 都是主语发出的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思， 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动词-ing 形式、动词不定式、从句等来充当), 即动作的承受者， 才能表达完整的意思。 在线学习既有优点也有缺点。 他们的回答也显示出他们不喜欢和别人说话。 大卫因其伟大的勇气而获得一枚奖章。 3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋P) SP句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样， 谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词， 也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式及分词等。 林肯的四个儿子中有三个出生在这里。 它又甜又新鲜。 他成了一名英语教师。 她看上去有点生气。 [温馨提示]　英语中的系动词有：be动词、感官动词(look、smell、taste、feel、sound等)、表变化类动词(get、become、turn、go、grow、come等)、表保持类动词(keep、stay、remain等)。 4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) SVIODO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语； 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面， 直接宾语在后面。 我给约翰买了一件生日礼物。 我的妈妈给了这个男孩一块蛋糕。 [温馨提示]　常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词 (1)give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 pass、 allow、 return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。 Please hand him a book! ＝Please hand a book to him! 请递给他一本书。 (2)buy、 do、 get、 fetch、 save、 make、 sing、 choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。 Her father bought her a bike. ＝Her father bought a bike for her. 她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。 (3)ask、 answer、 take、 cost等无法改变结构形式。 The car cost me 2，000 yuan for the repair. 这次修车花了我两千元。 5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C) 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的现在分词、动词的过去分词等。 6．主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A) 状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)。 7．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A) 副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。 8．there be句型，意为“有……” 在there be句型中，be后面的名词是主语，there be句型中谓语的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致。 ①There is a piano in my room. 我的房间里有一架钢琴。 ②There are 56 students in our class. 我们班里有56名学生。 ③There seems to be a car under the tree. 树底下好像有一辆车。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.写出下列句子中黑体部分所作的成分 1．The manager made them work day and night.____________ 2．A lot of green lands have been opened to the public.__________ 3．The best method of keeping slim is to do exercise regularly._____ 宾语补足语 谓语 表语 4．Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.________ 5．It was a beautiful morning._______ 6．I will order you a new dictionary for your birthday.____________ 7．We have decided to paint the room pink.____________ 8．That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her parents.____________ 宾语 定语 直接宾语 宾语补足语 主语 9．I am very pleased to see you._________ 10．Mr. Wang will give us a talk about the strategies of learning English well.____________ 状语 间接宾语 Ⅱ.单句写作 1．国庆节快要到了。(主语＋谓语) ________________________________ 2．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语) _______________________________________________ 3．奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) ____________________________________________________ National Day is coming.　 We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again. My granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night. 4．现在这种活动在高中变得很受欢迎。(主语＋系动词＋表语) ______________________________________________________ 5．每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语) _______________________________________________________ Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in senior high school. We can hear him reading English aloud every morning. 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.写出黑体部分在句子中所作成分 1．Paper cutting is one of China's the most popular traditional folk arts．_________ 2．I have received some training in my spare time.________ 3．You make your classes lively and interesting.________________ 4．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p．m.to 5 p.m.next Friday._________ 表语　 状语 宾语补足语 状语 5．Our hard work will finally be rewarded.________ 6．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year._________ 7．I find my room clean and tidy.________________ 8．I would like to give you some suggestions.________________ 9．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully._______ 10．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.________ 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 直接宾语　 状语 宾语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．许多事情改变了。(主语＋谓语) ________________________________ 2．我现在是个高中生了。(主语＋系动词＋表语) ________________________________________ 3．我喜欢英语和语文。(主语＋谓语＋宾语) ________________________________ Many things have changed. I am a senior high school student now. I like English and Chinese. 4．我认为这两科很有趣。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语) ____________________________________ 5．我们的语文老师经常给我们讲故事。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) ____________________________________ 6．在他的课上总是有许多笑声。(There be...) ______________________________________ I think the two subjects very interesting. Our Chinese teacher often tells us stories.　 There is always much laughter in his classes. 7．我经常在放学后探索校园。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语) ___________________________________ 8．我在美丽的校园里学得努力，玩得开心。(主语＋谓语＋状语) _____________________________________________ I often explore the campus after school. I study hard and play happily in the beautiful campus. Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线句子的基本句型 When 1.I first entered the senior high school, I was afraid that no one would make friends with me.2.There were all strangers around me and I was afraid of speaking in front of my new teachers and classmates. What if I couldn't do well in my studies? Would they laugh at me？3.I became worried and 4.I thought a lot．Later, I realized that I should change my mind.So I set goals for myself and tried my best to realize them.Besides, 5.I took part in extra-curricular activities actively．Finally I got on well with my classmates and became confident.6.I found my senior high school life really colourful． 1．________________　 2.________________ 3．__________________　 4.________________ 5．_____________________　 6._______________________________ 主语＋谓语＋宾语 there be句型　 主语＋系动词＋表语 主语＋谓语＋状语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Ⅳ.使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面的语段 Good morning, everyone! 1.______________ (很荣幸→SP) for me to introduce myself to all of you.My name is Serena and 2.________________ (我十五岁了→SP). It's a great honor I'm fifteen years old 3．______________________ (我来自大连市→SVA), which is a beautiful and attractive place.I wish you can visit it and I believe that 4.___________________ (你会印象深刻→SP).English and movies are my favorites 5.________________________________(它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOC).6.______________________(我喜欢交友→SVO)，especially the ones who share common interests with me.And I think we can have much to share and talk about.7.________________________ _______________(我希望能和我的朋友们一起进步→SVOA).Thank you. I come from Dalian city you will be impressed which can help me learn and relax I like making friends I hope to make progress with my friends Ⅴ.完形填空 Afraid to have a start, I was walking slowly into my first school in America.I had 1 a long way from India in order to join parents.They had been here for three years, and hoped America would help my future.My father decided that I would go to school here, so I found a local high school in my new town. With 2 on one hand and fear on the other, I arrived at the classroom.Everyone's eyes were on me as I entered the classroom.Without paying attention to them, I went straight to the 3 and asked if it was the right class.With a 4 voice, he answered, “Yes.” His voice comforted me a little.He gave me a piece of 5 called “course requirements”， which I would never get in India.Then he asked me to choose where I would sit.I chose the 6 closest to the door instead of the corner where all of the boys were sitting.I didn't 7 want to pick a seat.In India, the teacher 8 seats, so I never needed to worry about that.I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the picture produced by the overhead projector (投影仪). 9 it was my first day, I was confused about which hallway (走廊) to use, but I 10 to get to my classes without asking anyone.I was very confused about when I would have 11 ．It was noon when I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered.I went through the normal process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class.Feeling 12 ， she said, “That is the lunch bell.” I felt a little awkward.Without another word, I headed for the cafeteria (食堂). At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus stop.I realized that all the 13 was like the difficulty I had to 14 to reach my goal.I 15 my bus and sat down inside happily.I said to myself：Today isn't so bad. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在美国新学校的生活，虽然发生了一些尴尬的事，但是随着时间的推移，作者交了一些朋友，开始喜欢上了新学校。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.traveled　　　　　　 B．increased C．walked D．planned 答案：A 句意：为了和父母团聚，我从印度远道而来。A.traveled旅行；B.increased增加；C.walked行走；D.planned计划。根据下文“a long way from India”可推知，作者和父母团聚，从印度旅行了很远来到美国。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.anger B．anxiety C．doubt D．sadness 答案：B 句意：我来到教室，一方面感到焦虑，另一方面感到恐惧。A.anger愤怒；B.anxiety焦虑；C.doubt疑惑；D.sadness悲伤。根据下文“on one hand and fear on the other”可推知，作者第一次去上学，一方面感到焦虑，另一方面又感到恐惧。故选B项。 3．A.worker B．classmate C．teacher D．trainer 答案：C 句意：没有理会他们，我直接走向老师，问老师我是不是走对了班级。A.worker工人；B.classmate同学；C.teacher老师；D.trainer教练。根据下文“asked if it was the right class”可推知，作者是在询问老师自己是不是走对了班级。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.deep B．familiar C．strict D．soft 答案：D 句意：他用温柔的声音回答：“是的”。A.deep深的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.strict严格的；D.soft温柔的。根据下文“His voice comforted me a little.”可推知，老师温柔的声音让作者感到了一点安慰。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.book B．paper C．notice D．tool 答案：B 句意：他给了我一张题为“课程要求”的纸，这是我在印度从没得到过的。A.book书；B.paper纸；C.notice布告；D.tool工具。根据上文“a piece of”以及下文“course requirements”可推知，老师给了作者一张题为“课程要求”的纸。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.seat B．direction C．table D．goal 答案：A 句意：我选择了离门最近的座位，而不是所有男孩都坐在的角落。A.seat座位；B.direction方向；C.table桌子；D.goal目标。根据上文“Then he asked me to choose where I would sit.”可知，老师让作者选座位，所以此处指作者选择了最靠近门的座位。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.generally B．suddenly C．honestly D．actually 答案：D 句意：我实际上不想选座位。A.generally通常；B.suddenly突然；C.honestly真诚地；D.actually实际上。根据下文“I never needed to worry about that”可知，作者在印度从不担心座位的问题，因此他其实并不想选位置。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.kept B．repaired C．arranged D．took 答案：C 句意：在印度，老师安排座位，所以我不必担心。A.kept继续；B.repaired修理；C.arranged安排；D.took携带。根据下文“I never needed to worry about that”可推知，作者在印度不用担心座位的问题，是因为座位都是被安排好了的。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.Though B．When C．Since D．Before 答案：C 句意：因为这是我第一天上课，我不知道该走哪条走廊，但我没问任何人，试着找到了自己的班级。A.Though尽管；B.When在……时候；C.Since因为；D.Before在……以前。根据下文“it was my first day”以及“I was confused about which hallway to use”可推知，这两句之间是因果关系，因为这是作者去上学的第一天，所以作者不知道该走哪个走廊。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.feared B．refused C．allowed D．managed 答案：D 句意见上题解析。A.feared害怕；B.refused拒绝；C.allowed允许；D.managed尝试。根据上文的“but”可推知，此处指作者设法在不问任何人的情况下自己找到了教室。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.gifts B．lunch C．fun D．chances 答案：B 句意：但是我不确信什么时候该吃午饭。A.gifts礼物；B.lunch午饭；C.fun乐趣；D.chances机会。由下文中的“That is the lunch bell.”可推知，作者是在学校，因为不熟悉时间安排，所以对什么时候吃午饭感到很困惑。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.surprised B．excited C．frightened D．challenged 答案：A 句意：她感到很惊讶，说：“那是午餐铃。”A.surprised惊讶的；B.excited激动的；C.frightened害怕的；D.challenged伤残的。根据上文“asking the teacher if I was in the right class”以及下文“I felt a little awkward.”可知，作者认为是上课的铃声，后来老师告诉他那是午饭的铃声，因此听到作者的问题老师应该是感到惊讶的。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.failure B．thought C．confusion D．amazement 答案：C 句意：我意识到所有的困惑像是我达到目标必须克服的障碍一样。A.failure失败；B.thought想法；C.confusion困惑；D.amazement惊异。根据上文“I was confused about which hallway to use”以及“I was very confused about when I would have lunch”可推知，作者一天都是经历各种各样的“困惑”。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.put away B．get through C．build up D．show off 答案：B 句意见上题解析。A.put away抛弃；B.get through度过；C.build up增进；D.show off炫耀。结合语境，根据上文“the difficulty I had”以及下文“to reach my goal”可推知，此处指作者必须渡过难关来达到自己的目标。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.saw B．missed C．drove D．waited 答案：A 句意：我看到了我要坐的公共汽车，高兴地在车里坐了下来。A.saw看到；B.missed错过；C.drove驾驶；D.waited等待。通过下文“sat down inside happily”可推知，作者看到了自己要坐的公交车，非常开心地坐在里面。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅵ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者数学成绩不好，遭到了同学的嘲笑，但幸运的是，作者的母亲是一位数学老师，在母亲的耐心教导下，最终作者成绩提升，找到自信并树立了远大理想。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Many students feared maths subject, and I was among them.Once I failed 1. the mathematics, I was 2. (annoy). My friends started making fun of me.I was 3. (luck)that my mother was a maths teacher.She always helps me, but I didn't take that seriously. 1．考查固定搭配。句意：有一次我数学不及格，我很生气。fail in是一个固定短语，意为“在某方面失败”。故填in。 答案：in 2．考查词性转换。句意见上题解析。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填annoyed。 答案：annoyed 3．考查词性转换。句意：我很幸运，因为我妈妈是数学老师。空格处用形容词作表语，表示“幸运的”，故填lucky。 答案：lucky When my mother 4. (tell) that I didn't pass the maths subject, she got shocked.But 5. (fortunate), she didn't shout at me.Instead, she gave me 6. inspirational speech. 4．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当我妈妈被告知我数学不及格时，她很震惊。mother与tell之间是被动关系，根据下文的got可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was told。 答案：was told 5．考查词性转换。句意：但幸运的是，她没有大声责备我。修饰整句用副词，根据语境可知，此处表示“幸运地”。故填fortunately。 答案：fortunately 6．考查冠词。句意：相反，她给我讲了一段鼓舞人心的话。此处泛指一段话，用不定冠词，inspirational的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 答案：an Later on she started teaching me mathematics.She taught me 7. (play) with maths and really I enjoyed a lot, from which maths became my favourite subject.Now I also teach those friends who really fear maths.They think that maths subjects is very difficult and it has lots of formula(公式)to remember.But my mother taught me maths in an 8. (interest)way.I used that technique to solve problems.From this my 9. (confident) has increased and I'm happy that most difficult subject has become a game for me. 7．考查固定搭配。句意：她教我以玩的形式学数学，我真的很喜欢，数学成为我最喜欢的科目。teach sb.to do sth.是一个固定搭配，意为“教某人做某事”。故填to play。 答案：to play 8．考查词性转换。句意：但是我妈妈用一种有趣的方式教我数学。空处修饰名词way应用形容词。故填interesting。 答案：interesting 9．考查词性转换。句意：从这一点上我的信心增加了，我很高兴最困难的科目对我来说变成了一种游戏。空格处是句子的主语，用名词，且不可数，故填confidence。 答案：confidence Becoming an engineer is my ambition, 10. may support me through hardships and setbacks. 10．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：成为一名工程师是我的抱负，它可以支持我度过困难和挫折。空格所在的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词ambition并在从句中作主语，故填which。 答案：which $$