UNIT1 Period 6 Focus on Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（北师大版2019）

选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS Period 6　Focus on Language 单元语法：Past Perfect (过去完成时) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①The film had already begun when I got there. ②Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining. ③We had learned about 4，000 English words by the end of last term. ④It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. ⑤I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found. ⑥If I had known your telephone number yesterday，I would have telephoned you. 自我探究： ①②④⑥句为主从复合句，其中 _______句中从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，____句中主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时， _____句为if引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句；③句中含有时间状语_______________________，所以用过去完成时； ____句用过去完成时，表示“本打算做却没有做……”。 ①② ④ ⑥ by the end of last term ⑤ [知识精要] 一、过去完成时的概念 过去完成时的本质用法只有五个字，那就是“过去的过去”，即过去完成时表示的是在“过去的过去”就已发生的情况或存在的状态。如何理解“过去的过去”呢？首先我们得确定一个过去的时间作为参照点，在这个过去的时间参照点之前的时间就是过去的过去。我们可以画出下面这样的图示来帮助理解： 二、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词 had＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。 肯定句：主语＋had＋done 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋done 疑问句：Had＋主语＋done 三、过去完成时的主要用法 1．过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 He told me that he had written a new book.(had written发生在told之前) 他告诉我他已经写了一本新书。 2．过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。 Before she came to China，Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 在来中国之前，格雷斯已经在一所中学教了大约5年的英语。 3．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，从句要用过去完成时。在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语要用过去完成时。 She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过那部电影。 4．表示过去未曾实现的想法。过去完成时除表示“过去的过去”外，还可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算，通常连用的动词有 want，think，hope，plan，mean，expect，intend，suppose等。 I had meant to come，but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。 5．用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去情况的假设。 She wished she had stayed at home. 她真希望她当时待在家里。 6．过去完成时用于特殊句式。 (1)在“hardly/scarcely/barely/...when...; before...; no sooner...than...”等句式中，主句通常要用过去完成时，而从句则通常要用一般过去时。这类句式均表示“一……就……”。 I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我一住进旅馆，他就到了。 (2)It is the first time＋从句(从句用现在完成时)。 It was the first time＋从句(从句用过去完成时)。 It is the first time that I've been here. 这是我第一次来这里。 It was the third time that he had entered the house. 这是他第三次进入那所房子了。 四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“主语＋助动词 have/has＋过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 到那时为止，我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 —I'm sorry to keep you waiting. —Oh，not at all.I have been here only a few minutes. “对不起，让你久等了。” “没什么，我只等了几分钟。”(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在) —John returned home yesterday. —Where had he been? “约翰昨天回到家的。” “他去哪儿了？”(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”) 五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her，too.She had just won the first in the competition. 3．当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before，after，as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。 He entered the room，turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I ____________ (not study) my lesson. 2．This was the third time we ____________ (do) the experiment. 3．We had hardly begun when we ____________ (tell) to stop. 4．When I arrived at the station，he ____________ (leave). had not studied had done were told had left 5．Only those who ___________ (book) in advance were allowed in. 6．The weather was rather worse than I ____________ (expect). 7．I ____________ (finish) my homework when you called me. 8．Mary went to the box office at lunchtime，but all the tickets ____________ (sell) out. 9．By the time my parents reached home yesterday，I ____________ (cook) the dinner already. 10．I thought I ____________ (send) the letter a week before. had booked had expected had finished had (been) sold had cooked had sent Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。 When we got there，the basketball match ____________________． 2．我很幸运，因为这是我第三次访问中国了。 I was lucky because ______________________________________． had already started it was the third time that I had visited China 3．到去年年底，他已经在这家工厂工作了20年。 By the end of last year，he _______________________ for twenty years. 4．我刚闭上眼，电话铃就响了。 I __________________________ when the telephone rang. 5．我醒来时，雨已经停了。 When I woke up，it ______________________． had worked in the factory had hardly closed my eyes　 had stopped raining 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I ____________ (be) at the bus stop for nearly 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 2. I ____________ (hope) to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away. 3．No sooner _______ (have) he heard the bad news than he burst into tears on the spot. had been　 had hoped had 4．He told me that he ____________ (meet) her the night before. 5．I came across my former English teacher yesterday，whom I ____________(see) since I graduated. 6．The place wasn't as clean as we ____________ (want) it to be. had met hadn't seen had wanted Ⅱ.单句写作 1．这是他那年第三次失业了。 _______________________________________________________ 2．当我到达指定地点时，活动已经结束了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. When I arrived at the appointed place，the event had come to an end.　 3．我们本来希望能在10点前到达，但是被耽误了。 _______________________________________________________ 4．第二天早晨我们刚离开宿舍就意识到把地图落在房间了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We had hoped to be able to arrive before ten，but we were delayed. Hardly/No sooner had we left the dormitory the next morning when/than we realized we had left our map in the room. Ⅲ.完形填空 On my twelfth birthday，I got my dream gift—a cell phone.I gave my parents a big hug and made a 1 that I would continue doing well at school. When I got to school the next morning I 2 my phone and asked everyone for their numbers.I wouldn't 3 on the lessons because I was too 4 to my phone.But I was sure that the teacher was 5 that I stopped listening to her because a week later I 6 an important test. Knowing my test result，my parents started to say that the phone was 7 to me.I would say，“I'm doing nothing wrong.I'm just texting my friends.There's no reason for you to be 8 ．” My parents asked me，“Do you realize that you 9 pay attention to us? It's like you have your own world and we don't 10 as much with your phone between us.” I started to wonder if my parents were correct.So I tried going a whole day without the cell phone and it didn't go that 11 ．I had so much 12 because I was spending time with my family. Certainly，phones are not so bad that we should 13 using them，but you do have to make some time to spend with your family and not get 14 with your phone.I will keep using my phone，but I have it under 15 now. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在收到梦寐以求的生日礼物——手机之后，逐渐沉迷于手机，学习和生活都受到了明显影响。在家长的启发下，作者明白了自己应该理智地使用手机。 2 3 1 4 1．A.request　　　　　　　　　 B．choice C．proposal D．promise 答案：D request请求；choice选择；proposal建议；promise承诺。作者在12岁生日时，终于收到了梦想的生日礼物——手机。收到手机之后，作者向父母许诺会继续好好学习。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.showed off B．lent out C．admired D．broke 答案：A 句意：第二天早上我到学校的时候，拿出我的手机炫耀，向每个人要他们的电话号码。show off炫耀；lend out借出；admire佩服；break损坏。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.call B．agree C．concentrate D．depend 答案：C call on呼吁；agree on达成共识；concentrate on集中注意力于；depend on依赖。根据下文可知，作者拥有手机后成绩下滑，无法集中注意力听讲。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.used B．familiar C．addicted D．important 答案：C be used to习惯于；be familiar with熟悉……的；be addicted to对……入迷的。根据下文可知，作者的学习成绩受到了影响，因此此处是说作者沉迷于手机。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.satisfied B．aware C．anxious D．shocked 答案：B satisfied满意的；aware知道的；anxious忧虑的；shocked震惊的。根据下文可知，因为作者考试失败，老师知道了作者没有认真听课。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.took B．passed C．failed D．set 答案：C take拿；pass通过；fail不及格；set放置。根据上下文可知，此处表示作者因沉迷手机导致考试不及格。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.necessary B．harmful C．related D．positive 答案：B necessary必要的；harmful有害的；related相关的；positive积极的。根据上文可知，作者因沉迷手机导致考试不及格，所以父母认为手机对作者有害。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.annoyed B．painful C．confused D．embarrassed 答案：A annoyed生气的；painful痛苦的；confused困惑的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文可知，作者的父母因为作者沉迷手机导致的成绩下降和与家人疏远而感到气恼。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.hardly B．always C．ever D．still 答案：A hardly几乎不；always总是；ever曾经；still仍然。根据下文可知，作者沉迷手机，所以很少关注父母。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.exercise B．comment C．benefit D．communicate 答案：D exercise锻炼；comment评论；benefit得益于；communicate交流。因为有手机在作者和其父母中间，所以他们的交流变少了。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.quickly B．badly C．well D．far 答案：B quickly立刻；badly糟糕；well很好地；far远。根据下文“I had so much 12 because I was spending time with my family.”可知，没有手机的日子也并没有那么糟糕。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.fun B．trouble C．strength D．pressure 答案：A fun乐趣；trouble困难；strength力气；pressure压力。根据上文“So I tried going a whole day without the cell phone and it didn't go that 11 ．”可知，作者和家人在一起很开心。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.finish B．enjoy C．admit D．quit 答案：D finish结束；enjoy享受；admit承认；quit停止。根据下文可知，作者并不认为应该停止使用手机，而是不应该沉迷于手机，应该多花时间与家人在一起。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.tired B．stuck C．concerned D．disappointed 答案：B tired疲惫的；stuck困住的；concerned担忧的；disappointed失望的。作者认为不应该沉迷于手机，应该和家人多交流。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.control B．discussion C．investigation D．repair 答案：A control控制；discussion讨论；investigation调查；repair修理。根据上文可知，此处表示作者会继续使用手机，但会控制自己，理智地使用它。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以中国教育体制和亲子关系为主题的家庭剧《小舍得》的主题、所反映的问题、产生的影响和编剧创作该剧的目的。阅读本文，有利于培养学生和父母的关系，增进亲子关系。 Family drama “A Love for Dilemma”，1. (focus)on China's education system and parent-child relationship，started airing on April 11，and 2. (cause) a wide public concern among netizens ever since. 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：4月11日，以中国教育体制和亲子关系为主题的家庭剧《小舍得》开播了，自此引起了网友的广泛关注。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语started，且前面无连词，动词focus在句中应用非谓语动词形式，主语family drama与focus是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填focusing。 答案：focusing 2．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用动词作谓语；ever since与现在完成时连用，指从开播日起，主语 family drama是单数，所以此处助动词需用has。故填has caused。 答案：has caused 3． (base) on a novel，the drama centers around several 4. (family) whose children are about to enter middle school.Different generations of people hold different attitudes toward the children's education，5. leads to conflicts，misunderstandings and relationship crises. 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：该剧根据同名小说改编，围绕孩子即将上中学的几个家庭展开。be based on“以……为依据”，此处作状语省略be，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Based。 答案：Based 4．考查名词的单复数。句意：同上。由several修饰，表示“几个家庭”，名词用复数。故填families。 答案：families 5．考查定语从句。句意：不同年代的人对孩子的教育有着不同的态度，这导致了冲突、误解和关系危机。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 答案：which The scriptwriter of the drama，6. mother of two herself，admits she used to be anxious about her children's education like most mothers in China.7. she wanted to give her children sweet memories and a happy childhood，she was worried their studies would fall behind without taking extra lessons.“I hope to remind the audience 8. (give) children more time and patience，and set aside the anxiety and confusion，” Zhou said.“Let nature take 9. (it) course and everything that happens in life has its own meaning.” 6．考查冠词。句意：该剧的编剧自己也是两个孩子的母亲，她承认，和大多数中国母亲一样，她过去也为孩子的教育感到焦虑。分析句子结构可知，空处需用不定冠词a/an泛指两个孩子的母亲，且mother的发音以辅音音素开头，故其前用不定冠词a。故填a。 答案：a 7．考查连词。句意：虽然她想给孩子们留下甜蜜的回忆和快乐的童年，但她担心如果不补课，他们的学习就会落后。结合句意和句子结构可知，前后句是让步关系，所以空处需用although，though或while引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。 答案：Although/Though/While 8．考查动词不定式。句意：周说：“我希望提醒观众给孩子们更多的时间和耐心，抛开焦虑和困惑。”remind sb.to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾补。故填to give。 答案：to give 9．考查代词。句意：顺其自然，生活中发生的每件事都有自己的意义。修饰名词course用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 答案：its A netizen commented that the drama encourages her to cherish every moment in life，even the ordinary ones.“The meaning of life is not to compete，but to experience，explore and fulfill one's 10. (responsible) for the world，” she said. 10．考查词性转换。句意：她说：“生命的意义不在于竞争，而在于体验、探索和履行自己对世界的责任。”分析句子结构可知，空格处作fulfill的宾语，且由one's修饰，故用名词，此处表示抽象意义，是不可数名词。故填responsibility。 答案：responsibility $$