动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

第一节　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 第一讲 动词 目录 谓语动词的时态 英语中共16种时态，2种语态(主动和被动)，高中阶段要求掌握常见的10种时态及它们的被动语态。 2 谓语动词的时态 3 一、一般现在时 (am/is/are; do/ does) ①表示客观事实、普遍真理或名言警句。 ②表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态（常与频度副词(always，often，usually，sometimes，every day/week/month/year，frequently，once/twice a week)或表示现在的时间状语连用。) ③用在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”的原则 future past now The earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100℃. We always care for each other and help each other. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Columbus proved that the earth is round. If you are free tomorrow, I'll go with you. 考点1　动词的时态 future past now 二、一般过去时 (was/were; did) 表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作。常与表示过去具体的时间 状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)。时间状语有: yesterday，last year，last night，the other day（不久前的一天），just now，then（当时），two days ago，in 1999，at that time等。 注意: 凡有具体的过去时间状语的通常用一般过去时 I met him in the street yesterday. The students went to the Great Wall last Sunday. When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. We often played Ping-pong when we were in college. Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. e.一般过去时的常用固定句式 1.It is (high/about) time that...意为“是……的时候了”，从句中可用一般过去时，也可用“should＋动词原形”，且 should不可省略。 It is about time that the kids went/should go to school.　孩子们该去上学了。 2.since引导时间状语从句时，从句时态常用一般过去时。 Mary hasn’t phoned since she went to Berlin.玛丽自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。 3.It was ＋时间段＋before….意为“过了多长时间后才……”从句时态用一般过去时。 It was three years before he found his lost boy. 过了三年他才找到失踪的儿子。 专题语法 future past now 三、一般将来时( will/ shall be/do或 is/ am / are going to do) ①表示将来要发生的动作或状态。常用will be/will do ②be going to do sth表示打算,计划要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。 ③be about to do sth表示正要/刚要做某事。不与具体的时间状语连用。 ④be to do sth表示一定会/注定会做某事或打算做某事。 表将来的时间状语有: tomorrow/ next week / in the future / soon / this evening / in two days / in 2030... He will be back in a few days. Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow? We are going to have a class meeting next Monday. I will/ shall return you the book as soon as possible. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. I am about to close the door when the telephone rings. You are to succeed. 四、过去将来时 ( would be/do 或 was/ were going to do) 表示从过去的某一时间看将来要发生的动作或状态，常用语宾语从句当中。 即：在过去看将来 future past now I thought they would come to help me. They knew that there was going to be several problems. They told me that they would have a class meeting. She said that she would go there by herself. 练习 1.The festival traditionally __________(begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival which is on the fifth day. 2.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷·65) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 3.He __________(attend) an important meeting next Saturday. 4.If their marketing plans succeed, they _____________(increase)their sales by 20 percent. 5.He said that he__________ (come) back in five minutes. begins recommended will attend will increase would come 9 谓语动词的时态 10 future past now 五、现在进行时( is / am / are doing ) “正...” ①表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有: now, at present, at the moment... ②表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用。即：现在进行时表将来 We are having our English class now. I’m looking for a pair of black shoes. They are working in a factory these days. I’m writing a book about English grammar. They are visiting Beijing this week. The weather is getting colder and colder. [点拨] 专题语法 六、过去进行时 ( was / were doing) ①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。常用的时间状语有:at that time/ at this time yesterday/ from nine to ten yesterday evening/ all day yesterday/ the whole morning/ ... ②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，常用在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。 future past now At that time, he was working in a university. What were you doing at this time yesterday? He was reading a novel in the library this morning. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk. 七、将来进行时 ( will be doing) 表示在将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。常用的时间状语有: at this time tomorrow/ from nine to ten tomorrow evening/ all day tomorrow/... future past now At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 练习 1. Look, the children __________(play) basketball on the playground. 2. He__________(listen) to the radio when I came in. are playing was listening 15 谓语动词的时态 英语中共16种时态，2种语态(主动和被动)，高中阶段要求掌握常见的10种时态及它们的被动语态。 16 谓语动词的时态 17 现在完成时(have/has done)的基本用法： 1.表示过去发生的某一动作到现在已完成，并对现在造成影响。句子中常见already, yet, never, ever, just, twice, before，等副词。 2.表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如so far/up to now, over/during/in the past/last +一段时间, since/ever(自从), for +一段时间等。 e.g. I have learned English since I was five years old. 01 专题语法 c.现在完成时的常用固定句式 1.“This/It is the first/second...time ＋ that sb. has done sth”句型中 This is the first time that I have spoken at the meeting.这是我第一次在会上发言。 2“This/It is the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that sb. has done”句型中。 This is the best song that I have ever heard.这是我听过的最好听的一首歌曲。 3.“It is/has been＋时间段＋since…”句型中，since引导的从句用一般过去时(注意从句动词翻译)。 It has been/is five years since he began to smoke.(从句谓语动词为非延续性动词或动词词组) 自从他开始吸烟已经5年了。 It has been/is five years since he smoked.(从句谓语动词为延续性动词或动词词组) 他不抽烟已经5年了。 专题语法 (2)过去完成时（had done） a.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。 By the end of yesterday，we had received over 1，000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1 000多封信。 b.在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“刚……就……”。 Hardly had I gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 我刚做完作业，电话铃就响了。 专题语法 c.某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect，hope，plan，suppose，think，intend，mean，want等。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn’t manage it. 我本想在彼得结婚时送他一件礼物祝贺，但我没能做到。 d.在“It/This was the first(second，etc.) time＋that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time I had taken part in such a meaningful activity. 那是我第一次参加这样有意义的活动。 专题语法 (3)现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) a.表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性，多用于延续性动词。常与these days，recently，lately，in the past/last＋时间段； since＋时间点； for＋时间段等连用。 I’m very tired.I have been correcting the students’ papers all the morning.我很累。我整个上午都在批改学生的试卷。 b.表示重复性动作，有时其所表示的动作并不是一直在进行，而是时断时续、反复发生，此时可用终止性动词。 You have been saying that for 5 years. 这话你已经说了有五年了。 专题语法 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较   用法 例句 区别1 现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have thought it over.我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。 现在完成进行时强调动作的未完成性 I have been thinking it over.我一直在仔细考虑这件事。 区别2 现在完成时不表示动作的反复 Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？ 现在完成进行时表示动作的反复 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近经常见他吗？ 区别3 现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带有感情色彩 I have waited for you for three hours. 我已等了你三个小时。(说明一个事实) 现在完成进行时可以表示某种感情色彩 I have been waiting for you for three hours.我已经等了你三个小时了。(暗含不满的语气) 专题语法 考点2　动词的语态 1.各种时态中被动语态的构成 时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词 过去时 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词 将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词   shall/will＋have been＋过去分词 专题语法 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital.那位女士被送进了医院。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 专题语法 [点拨] 不能使用被动语态的几种情况 ①不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如happen，occur，fail，remain，spread，take place，break out，come true等。 The disease spreads easily.这种疾病容易传播。 ②某些动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如benefit，fit，lack，contain，join，last，arrive at/in，agree with，look like，consist of，suffer from，succeed in等。 This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。 专题语法 ③表示归属的动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如have，own，belong to等。 The red pen belongs to me. 这支红色的钢笔属于我。 ④宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，谓语动词用主动语态，不用被动语态。 We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。 专题语法 主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况 系动词，如：smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如：read，write，sell，wash，clean等，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗？ 某些与can’t，won’t等连用的不及物动词，如open，shut，move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door won’t shut. 这扇门关不上。 少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如print，cook，sell等。 The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。 专题语法 主谓一致 专题语法 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则： 语法一致原则(语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。) (1)动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. [点拨]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行与我无关。 What he says and does do not agree.他的言行不一致。 专题语法 (2)主语后跟with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。(就前原则) The teacher as well as his students was very excited. (3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 专题语法 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。 (5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 专题语法 (6)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the missing have been found. 患病的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。 (7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Two thousand miles is a long distance. 两千英里是一段很长的距离。 专题语法 意义一致原则（意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。） (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。 The whole class were told to stay behind after school. 全班的学生被告知放学后留下。 专题语法 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books were written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 专题语法 就近一致原则（指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语） (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 专题语法 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024·湖南衡阳二模)Up to now，the two episodes of Three Bodies released ____________ (gain) more than 100 million views on the website. 2.(2024·湖南衡阳一模)Young Chinese people ________________ (raise) when the country’s economy was taking off，so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture. have gained were raised 专题语法 3.(2024·吉林白山一模)Huang Yifan，a student from Shandong Province，____________ (like) observing ants and has discovered many funny secrets behind their behaviors. 4.(2024·江苏南京二模)The history of penjing ____________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty. 5.(2024·江苏南通二模)In spring，local hillsides ________________ (fill) with tea workers sowing seeds on their land. 6.(2024·江苏盐城一模)Many wildlife that ____________ (disappear) previously are returning to their homes thanks to the park. likes dates are filled disappeared 分析 ：盆景的历史可以追溯到唐朝．分析句意可知，此处描述的是盆景所具有的历史性的客观事实，故应使用一般现在时；“date back to”从…起就有了，追溯到；故用dates back to 意思是“追溯到……”通常用于一般现在时。 专题语法 7.(2024·江西九校二模)Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s busiest commercial roads in the olden days.It also ____________ (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961). 8.(2024·江西二模)I strongly suggest that teens all should go abroad to see their peers’ life.They’ll find later that this ________________ (shape) their ways of thinking and doing. housed will shape 专题语法 9.(2024·山东潍坊3月检测)Song ____________________________ (work) in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing for eight years（他在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作了八年。）. 10.(2024·江苏苏北七市二模)In the past decades，efforts ________________ (make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. has been working/has worked have been made 专题语法 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.The following weeks _____________________________________________ each day determined to earn a penny. 在接下来的几个星期里，我每天从学校飞奔(dash)回家，决心挣一个便士。 2.I ___________________ all the way home，ashamed of my neglect.Maybe they __________________________________________ as my neighbors. 回家的路上我哭(sob)得很厉害，为自己的疏忽感到羞愧。也许他们和我的邻居有同样的遭遇。 saw me dashing home from school was sobbing terribly were suffering from the same scene 专题语法 3.Fortunately，they spotted the flashing headlights of Joe’s truck and ________________________________approaching them with a long rope. 幸运的是，他们发现了乔的卡车闪烁的前灯，并瞥见了他的粗壮的(stout)身影，带着一根长绳子接近他们。 4.Joe finally reached the couple.“Catching the rope.” he __________________________. 乔终于找到了这对夫妇。“抓住绳子。”他大声地喊道。 caught a glimpse of his stout figure yelled at the top of his lungs 专题语法 5.Having received Joe’s message，Charlie and Jane ___________________ and clutched the rope tightly. 收到乔的信息后，查理和简扭动着身子，紧紧抓住绳子。 6.On spotting the wolf swallowed by the road，Mac，bathed in perspiration，__________________________________________________. 马克看见狼消失在路上，浑身是汗，松了口气，坐到后座上。 twisted their figures sighed with relief and sank down to the back seat 专题语法 Ⅲ.语篇提能练 My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________(remind) me of myself.In the past，I 2.____________(be) never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight，my height，my hairstyle，etc.At that time，I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However，someone told me something that I will always remember. It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me，I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise，someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes. reminds was pointed 专题语法 I then knew it was our English teacher，Miss Li.She said，“You 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________(accept) you for who you 6.____________ (be).But if you cannot accept yourself，then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________(inspire) by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.__________________(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.____________(love) me for who I am. Now，seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________(tell) me. are will accept are was inspired have learned/learnt love told 专题语法 谢 谢 目录 $$