专题31 名词用法讲练测通关 (五年真题+备考策略+名校模拟+原创语填)-2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案 （北师大版2019）

2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019） 第三章 核心语法 专题31名词用法讲练测通关 (五年真题+备考策略+名校模拟+原创语填) 原卷版 目录 一、高考真题—名词5大考点46例真题分类通关 1 二、备考策略—5大考向+思维导图+考点表解 3 三、名校模拟—最新高频易错单句填空30例 6 四、原创语填—中国队逆转夺巴黎奥运会男子4×100米混合泳接力金牌 7 一、五年高考真题分类通关 真题调研一：考查动词转化为名词 1.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ( complete ) of their journey. 2.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 3. (2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 4.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 5.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 6.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 7.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 8.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 9.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 10.（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 11. (2019新课标I卷) Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing. 12.（2019新课标III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 真题调研二：考查形容词转化为名词 13.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 14. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 15.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 16.（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists 17.（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 18.（2020山东卷）Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 真题调研三：考查名词单数变复数 19.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 20.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 21.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 22.（2021北京卷）To practise this, we need to establish clear (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 23.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. 24.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 25.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, 26.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event). 27.（2021新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are. 28.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 29.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 30.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 31.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of ______________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 32.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 33.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 34.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various __________(activity) on Earth Day. 真题调研四：考查名词所有格 35.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 36.（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 真题调研五：单句改错考查名词用法 37.（2023全国甲卷）The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautiful on the stamps. 38.（2022全国乙卷）Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle. 39.（2021全国甲卷）Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. 40.（2021全国乙卷）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. 41.（2020新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 42.（2020新课标II卷）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 43.（2019新课标I卷）To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. 44.（2019新课标I卷）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. 45.（2019新课标II卷）Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. 46.（2019新课标II卷）I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. 二、名词支架式备考策略 一、高考名词命题趋势 考向一、考查动词转换为名词的场合和规则 考向二、考查形容词转换为名词的场合和规则 考向三、考查名词单数变复数规则和不规则变化 考向四、考查名词所有格用法 二、高考名词思维导图 三、名词核心考点归纳 考点1：动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ation correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 admit→admission承认；准许加入permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 graduate→graduation毕业 expect→expectation期望 －er/ －or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 －ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 －ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) －ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 考点2：形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 －cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 －dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 －ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情 －y/－ty/－ity safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 考点3：名词单数变复数规则变化 种类 变化 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s book→books, pen→pens 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾 词尾加-es bus→buses，bench→benches， box→boxes，dish→dishes， 但stomach例外，其后直接加-s 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i后加-es family→families，city→cities 以“元音字母＋y”结尾 词尾加-s key→keys，boy→boys 以-f或-fe结尾 多数变f或fe 为v后加-es leaf→leaves，life→lives, knife→knives 少数词尾加-s chief→chiefs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs 以字母-o结尾 词尾加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes， tomato→tomatoes 词尾加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-sis结尾的外来词 变sis为ses basis→bases, analysis→analyses, crisis→crises 考点4：名词单数变复数不规则变化 种类 例词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, aircraft, means, series, species, headquarters 单数形式复数意义 people, police, cattle 复数形式单数意义 news, physics, politics 合成词变复数 passer­by→passers­by，son­in­law→sons­in­law, looker­on→lookers­on, go­between→go­betweens, grown­up→grown-ups 词形变化 man→men，child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria 三、名词单句填空强化训练 1. The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________(parent) love for their children. 2. To let us know more about your hometown, can you give a ________(describe) of it? 3. Then there was an ________ (explode) of bright colours and lively music, and the group jumped into action. 4. Our teacher offered us his ________(recommend) that we should give up that plan. 5. ____________(wise) is the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice. 6. The techniques discussed here also work in ________(combine) with those we’ve discussed previously. 7. He felt a sense of ________ (relieve)that his part in this business was now over. 8. Facial ________(识别) technology has been used in the college entrance examination. 9. Only 5 students suffered slight___________(injure), despite the current figures of 7 killed in the disaster area at large. 10. His silence on the subject has been considered as an ________ (admit) of guilt by the media. 11. ________(popular) is a well-explored subject in social psychology. 12. The ________ (girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ________ (Tom) car. 13. At a ________ (tailor) shop nearby, he witnessed a debate on the fashion. 14. On a recent day, ________(passer-by) debated whether to feed them carrots. 15. I am writing this e-mail to send my ________________(congratulate) to you on your victory. 16. Their ___________ (intend) is good, but the methods they use sometimes are not. 17. You don’t show your secret ___________ (personal)when you’re awake because you can control your behavior. 18. Don’t be so quick to judge your friend. Perhaps she knows she is in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple ___________ (explain) for her behaviour. 19. ___________ (prefer)tends to be given to candidates who exhibit outstanding leadership in the science of astronomy. 20. The theory focuses on the ___________ (exist) of life on other planets. 21. Under the strict control of the national safety department, the_____________ (frequent) of safety accidents in coal mines has decreased. 22. The flood victims have received both sympathy and ___________ (assist) from the international community during the flood season. 23. The ___________ (propose) you came up with yesterday was highly appreciated. 24. Your insight, kindness, courage, and___________ (generous) make this site what it is. 25. The government has taken ___________ (measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods. 26. The school is going well, but there’s a need for further ___________ (improve). 27. He said he was trying to preach peace and ___________ (tolerate) to his people. 28. To get back their friendship, he had to apologize to her for his bad ___________ (behave). 29. In that country, many women are fighting for the ___________ (equal) of job seeking. 30. Jennifer’s case is a ___________ (remind) of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. 四、原创语法填空语篇训练 打破美国40年垄断！中国队惊天逆转夺男子4×100米混合泳接力金牌 On August 4, 2024, amid deafening cheers at La Defense Arena, a converted rugby stadium, the 100-meter freestyle world-record holder Pan Zhanle led his 1 (teammate) Xu Jiayu, Qin Haiyang and Sun Jiajun to victory as they recorded a time of 3 minutes, 27.46 seconds. "This is magic for me," Pan, who celebrated his 20th birthday on Sunday, said of the medley victory. "We make a good team and we managed 2 (get) a great result." The United States took the silver, 0.55 seconds behind China, while France, 3 (power) by Leon Marchand, won the bronze, finishing nearly a second behind. The Americans did not compete at the 1980 Moscow Games due to a boycott, 4 they had never been beaten in the men's medley final dating to the inaugural event at the 1960 Rome Games. Qin Hiayang, 5 swam the breaststroke leg in the medley, was also crucial in the victory with a time of 57.98 to beat France's four-gold medal winner Marchand. Chinese swimmers had been unfairly portrayed in Western media reports about some food-contamination cases, 6 (raise) doubts over their capabilities. Pan's success came as a timely, powerful response. Acknowledging that he had been 7 tremendous pressure, Pan said that he 8 (sleep) little before the final because of a doping test that ran into the early hours of the morning. According to World Aquatics, swimming's global governing body, Chinese swimmers were tested on average 21 times from Jan 1 to the start of the Games. In 9 (compare), Australian and American swimmers were tested only four and six times on average, 10 (respective). 【参考答案】 【新闻背景】 巴黎奥运会游泳项目4日迎来最后一个比赛日，中国队打破美国长达40年的垄断，拿下男子4X100米混合泳接力金牌。男子4X100米混合泳接力决赛中，中国队派出徐嘉余（仰泳）、覃海洋（蛙泳）、孙佳俊（蝶泳）和潘展乐（自由泳）。前半程中国队第一，第三棒后暂居第三。最后一棒，当天正是20岁生日的“百米飞鱼”潘展乐分段游出45秒92，完成惊天大逆转。中国队反超该项目40年的奥运“霸主”美国队以及东道主法国队，以3分27秒46夺冠。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019） 第三章 核心语法 专题31名词用法讲练测通关 (五年真题+备考策略+名校模拟+原创语填) 解析版 目录 一、高考真题—名词5大考点46例真题分类通关 1 二、备考策略—5大考向+思维导图+考点表解 6 三、名校模拟—最新高频易错单句填空30例 10 四、原创语填—中国队逆转夺巴黎奥运会男子4×100米混合泳接力金牌 12 一、五年高考真题分类通关 真题调研一：考查动词转化为名词 1.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ( complete ) of their journey. 1. completion。解析：考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 2.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 2. criticism。解析：考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 3. (2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 3. arrival。解析：考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 4.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 4. warning。解析：考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 5.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 5. protection。解析：考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 6.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 6. invitation。解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 7.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 7. representative。解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 8.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 8. development。解析：考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 9.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 9. marriage。解析：考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 10.（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 10. celebration。解析：考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 11. (2019新课标I卷) Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing. 11. belief。解析：考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。 12.（2019新课标III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 12. competition。解析：考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。 真题调研二：考查形容词转化为名词 13.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 13. richness。解析：考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 14. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 14. visibility。解析：考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 15.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 15. responsibility。解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 16.（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists 16. interest。解析：考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 17.（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 17. curiosity。解析：考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 18.（2020山东卷）Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 18. accuracy。解析：考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。 真题调研三：考查名词单数变复数 19.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 19. themes。解析：考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 20.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 20. favorites。解析：考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 21.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 21. treasures。解析：考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 22.（2021北京卷）To practise this, we need to establish clear (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 22.考场名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 23.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. 23. interviews。解析：考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 24.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 24. wonders。解析：考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 25.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, 25. populations。解析：考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。 26.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event). 26. events。解析：考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 27.（2021新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are. 27. humans。解析：考查名词。句意为：一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans. 28.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 28. watchtowers。解析：考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 29.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 29. Activities。解析：考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。30.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 30. ideas。解析：考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。 31.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of ______________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 31. countries。解析：考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。 32.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 32. seasons。解析：考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。 33.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 33. numbers。解析：考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。 34.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various __________(activity) on Earth Day. 34. activities。解析：考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。 真题调研四：考查名词所有格 35.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 35. son’s。解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 36.（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 36. person’s。解析：考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 真题调研五：单句改错考查名词用法 37.（2023全国甲卷）The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautiful on the stamps. 37. butterfly改为butterflies。解析：考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees可知，此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。 38.（2022全国乙卷）Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle. 38. bicycle改为bicycles。解析：考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。 39.（2021全国甲卷）Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. 39. friend改为friends。解析：句意：许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their，所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。 40.（2021全国乙卷）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. 40. dish改为dishes。解析：考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。 41.（2020新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 41. chopstick改为chopsticks。解析：句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。 42.（2020新课标II卷）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 42. vacations改为vacation。解析：vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。 43.（2019新课标I卷）To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. 43. surprising改为surprise。解析：考查固定搭配。“to one’s + 名词”在句中表示结果，“to one’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是…”。故将surprising改为surprise。 44.（2019新课标I卷）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. 44. player改为players。解析：考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。 45.（2019新课标II卷）Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. 45. job改为jobs。解析：考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。 46.（2019新课标II卷）I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. 46. city改为cities。解析：考查名词单复数。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。 二、名词支架式备考策略 一、高考名词命题趋势 考向一、考查动词转换为名词的场合和规则 考向二、考查形容词转换为名词的场合和规则 考向三、考查名词单数变复数规则和不规则变化 考向四、考查名词所有格用法 二、高考名词思维导图 三、名词核心考点归纳 考点1：动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ation correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 admit→admission承认；准许加入permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 graduate→graduation毕业 expect→expectation期望 －er/ －or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 －ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 －ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) －ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 考点2：形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 －cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 －dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 －ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情 －y/－ty/－ity safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 考点3：名词单数变复数规则变化 种类 变化 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s book→books, pen→pens 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾 词尾加-es bus→buses，bench→benches， box→boxes，dish→dishes， 但stomach例外，其后直接加-s 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i后加-es family→families，city→cities 以“元音字母＋y”结尾 词尾加-s key→keys，boy→boys 以-f或-fe结尾 多数变f或fe 为v后加-es leaf→leaves，life→lives, knife→knives 少数词尾加-s chief→chiefs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs 以字母-o结尾 词尾加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes， tomato→tomatoes 词尾加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-sis结尾的外来词 变sis为ses basis→bases, analysis→analyses, crisis→crises 考点4：名词单数变复数不规则变化 种类 例词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, aircraft, means, series, species, headquarters 单数形式复数意义 people, police, cattle 复数形式单数意义 news, physics, politics 合成词变复数 passer­by→passers­by，son­in­law→sons­in­law, looker­on→lookers­on, go­between→go­betweens, grown­up→grown-ups 词形变化 man→men，child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria 三、名词单句填空强化训练 1. The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________(parent) love for their children. 1. parents’。【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：这部名为《小红花》的电影展示了父母对他们孩子的爱。根据句意，这里说的是父母的爱，父母parents用复数形式，以s结尾的名词所有格直接加’。 2. To let us know more about your hometown, can you give a ________(describe) of it? 2. description。【解析】考查名词。句意：为了让我们更多地了解你的家乡，你能给我们描述一下吗？根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为名词description“描述”，满足句意要求，由a可知，应用单数。故填description。 3. Then there was an ________ (explode) of bright colours and lively music, and the group jumped into action. 3. explosion。 【解析】考查名词。句意：接着是一阵阵鲜艳的色彩和欢快的音乐，大家开始行动起来。分析句子可知，空处可使用名词在句中作主语，不定冠词an提示用单数。故填explosion。 4. Our teacher offered us his ________(recommend) that we should give up that plan. 4.recommendation。 【解析】考查名词。句意：老师建议我们放弃那个计划。his后跟名词，老师是提出建议，空格处意为“建议”，名词是recommendation，此处指一个建议，因此空格处用单数，故填recommendation。 5. ____________(wise) is the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice. 5.Wisdom。【解析】考查名词。句意：智慧是做出明智决定和给出好建议的能力。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词wisdom作主语，是抽象的意思，不可数，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Wisdom。 6. The techniques discussed here also work in ________(combine) with those we’ve discussed previously. 6.combination。【解析】考查名词。句意：这里讨论的技术还可以与前面讨论的技术结合使用。in combination with“结合”为固定短语。名词combination作宾语。故填combination。 7. He felt a sense of ________ (relieve)that his part in this business was now over. 7.relief。【解析】考查名词。句意：他感到一种解脱的感觉，因为他在这件事上的角色现在已经结束了根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用名词relief，作介词宾语，不可数名词。故填relief。 8. Facial ________(识别) technology has been used in the college entrance examination. 8.recognition。【解析】考查名词。句意：人 脸识别技术已经在高考中得到了应用。作定语修饰名词technology，结合汉语提示可知应填名词recognition，故填recognition。 9. Only 5 students suffered slight___________(injure), despite the current figures of 7 killed in the disaster area at large. 9.injuries。【解析】考查名词复数。句意：尽管目前灾区共有7人死亡，但只有5名学生受轻伤。suffer后接名词作宾语，表示“伤”用复数形式injuries。故填injuries。 10. His silence on the subject has been considered as an ________ (admit) of guilt by the media. 10.admission。【解析】考查名词。句意：他在这个问题上的沉默被媒体认为是认罪。不定冠词an后接可数名词的单数形式。根据句意，故填admission。 11. ________(popular) is a well-explored subject in social psychology. 11.Popularity。【解析】考查名词。句意：流行是社会心理学中一个探索性很强的话题。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作主语，popular的名词为popularity且为不可数名词，因位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Popularity。 12. The ________ (girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ________ (Tom) car. 12.girls’ ,Tom’s。【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：女孩们的鞋上沾满了泥，所以我让她们在上汤姆的车之前把鞋脱掉。根据“I asked them”可知，此处是指很多女孩，所以girl应用复数形式，且应用名词所有格表示所属关系。第二处是指汤姆的车，所以应用名词所有格Tom’s表示所属关系。故填①girls’②Tom’s。 13. At a ________ (tailor) shop nearby, he witnessed a debate on the fashion. 13.tailor’s。【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：在附近的一家裁缝店，他目睹了一场关于时尚的辩论。分析句子可知，此处应用名词所有格形式修饰名词shop。tailor的名词所有格形式为tailor’s。tailor’s shop意为“裁缝店”。故填tailor’s。 14. On a recent day, ________(passer-by) debated whether to feed them carrots. 14.passers-by。【解析】考查名词的数。句意：最近的一天，路人们在争论是否给他们喂胡萝卜。空格处作主语，passer-by意为“路人”，为可数名词，结合句意应用名词的复数形式。故填passers-by。 15. I am writing this e-mail to send my ________________(congratulate) to you on your victory. 15.congratulations。【解析】考查名词。句意：我写这封电子邮件目的为了祝贺你获胜。形容词性物主代词后用名词。根据汉语提示“祝贺”是congratulations。故填congratulations。 16. Their ___________ (intend) is good, but the methods they use sometimes are not. 16.intention。【解析】考查名词。句意：他们的意图是好的，但他们使用的方法有时不对。空处需填名词intention，作主语，可数名词，根据is判断用其单数形式。故填intention。 17. You don’t show your secret ___________ (personal)when you’re awake because you can control your behavior. 17.personality，【解析】考查名词。句意：当你醒着的时候，你不会表现出你的秘密个性，因为你可以控制自己的行为。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，personal为形容词，其名词为：personality，故填personality。 18. Don’t be so quick to judge your friend. Perhaps she knows she is in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple ___________ (explain) for her behaviour. 18.explanation。【解析】考查名词。句意：不要那么快地评判你的朋友。也许她知道自己错了，想道歉，也许她对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。空处需填名词作宾语；所给动词explain对应的名词为explanation。前面有不定冠词a，所以用单数形式即可。故填explanation. 19. ___________ (prefer)tends to be given to candidates who exhibit outstanding leadership in the science of astronomy. 19.Preference。【解析】考查名词。句意：倾向于授予在天文学科学中表现出杰出领导力的候选人。根据句意及句子结构可知空处为名词作主语，prefer的名词形式是preference，是不可数名词，句首首字母大写，故填Preference。 20. The theory focuses on the ___________ (exist) of life on other planets. 20. existence。【解析】考查名词。句意：这个理论集中在其他星球上存在生命上。作宾语，应用名词existence，不可数。故填existence。 21. Under the strict control of the national safety department, the_____________ (frequent) of safety accidents in coal mines has decreased. 21.frequency。解析：考查名词。句意：在国家安全部门的严格控制下，煤矿安全事故的发生频率有所下降。根据空格前的冠词the可知，空格处应填名词作主语，结合句意“频率”是frequency，为不可数名词。故填frequency。 22. The flood victims have received both sympathy and ___________ (assist) from the international community during the flood season. 22.assistance。【解析】考查名词。句意：水灾受害者在汛期得到了国际社会的同情和援助。根据前文received both sympathy and可知，此处应用名词assistance(不可数)和sympathy并列作宾语。故填assistance。 23. The ___________ (propose) you came up with yesterday was highly appreciated. 23.proposal。【解析】考查名词。句意：你昨天提出的建议很受赞赏。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，propose的名词为proposal意为“建议”，且谓语动词was appreciated为第三人称单数，所以此处使用名词单数。故填proposal。 24. Your insight, kindness, courage, and___________ (generous) make this site what it is. 24.generosity。【解析】考查名词。句意：你的洞察力、善良、勇气和慷慨使这个网站成为今天的样子。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词和前面的“insight, kindness, courage”作并列主语。generous为形容词，其名词形式为generosity“慷慨”，不可数。故填generosity。 25. The government has taken ___________ (measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods. 25.measures。【解析】考查名词的数。句意：政府已采取措施降低日常用品的高价格。measure“措施”是可数名词，空前无冠词，且结合句意可知，措施不止一个，此处应用复数形式，作has taken的宾语。故填measures。 26. The school is going well, but there’s a need for further ___________ (improve). 26.improvement。【解析】考查名词。句意：这所学校进展得很好，但还需要进一步改进。根据句意和空格前的介词for可知，空格处应该填入不可数名词improvement作介词for的宾语。故填improvement。 27. He said he was trying to preach peace and ___________ (tolerate) to his people. 27.tolerance。【解析】考查名词。句意：他说他努力向他的人民宣扬和平与宽容。分析可知，所填应是名词，与之前名词“peace(和平)”并列，作动词“preach(布道，宣扬)”的宾语。“tolerate”，动词，意为“容忍，忍受”，其名词形式为“tolerance(宽容，宽恕)”，不可数名词。故填tolerance。 28. To get back their friendship, he had to apologize to her for his bad ___________ (behave). 28.behaviour。【解析】考查名词。句意：为了挽回他们的友谊，他不得不为自己的恶劣行为向她道歉。根据前文for his可知，此处应用名词behaviour(不可数)作宾语。故填behaviour。 29. In that country, many women are fighting for the ___________ (equal) of job seeking. 29.equality。【解析】考查名词。句意：在那个国家，许多妇女正在为争取平等的求职机会而斗争。空处作介词for的宾语，结合空前的the可知，此处应填名词形式，equality“平等”，不可数名词，故填equality。 30. Jennifer’s case is a ___________ (remind) of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. 30.reminder。【解析】考查名词。句意：詹妮弗的案例提醒人们，不健康的减肥习惯在男女青少年中已经很常见。根据空前的a可知，空处需要可数名词的单数形式。remind为动词，其名词形式为reminder“提醒，提醒人的事物”。故填reminder。 四、原创语法填空语篇训练 打破美国40年垄断！中国队惊天逆转夺男子4×100米混合泳接力金牌 On August 4, 2024, amid deafening cheers at La Defense Arena, a converted rugby stadium, the 100-meter freestyle world-record holder Pan Zhanle led his 1 (teammate) Xu Jiayu, Qin Haiyang and Sun Jiajun to victory as they recorded a time of 3 minutes, 27.46 seconds. "This is magic for me," Pan, who celebrated his 20th birthday on Sunday, said of the medley victory. "We make a good team and we managed 2 (get) a great result." The United States took the silver, 0.55 seconds behind China, while France, 3 (power) by Leon Marchand, won the bronze, finishing nearly a second behind. The Americans did not compete at the 1980 Moscow Games due to a boycott, 4 they had never been beaten in the men's medley final dating to the inaugural event at the 1960 Rome Games. Qin Hiayang, 5 swam the breaststroke leg in the medley, was also crucial in the victory with a time of 57.98 to beat France's four-gold medal winner Marchand. Chinese swimmers had been unfairly portrayed in Western media reports about some food-contamination cases, 6 (raise) doubts over their capabilities. Pan's success came as a timely, powerful response. Acknowledging that he had been 7 tremendous pressure, Pan said that he 8 (sleep) little before the final because of a doping test that ran into the early hours of the morning. According to World Aquatics, swimming's global governing body, Chinese swimmers were tested on average 21 times from Jan 1 to the start of the Games. In 9 (compare), Australian and American swimmers were tested only four and six times on average, 10 (respective). 【参考答案】 1. teammates 2. to get 3. powered 4. but 5. who 6. raising 7. under 8. had slept 9. comparison 10. respectively 【新闻背景】 巴黎奥运会游泳项目4日迎来最后一个比赛日，中国队打破美国长达40年的垄断，拿下男子4X100米混合泳接力金牌。男子4X100米混合泳接力决赛中，中国队派出徐嘉余（仰泳）、覃海洋（蛙泳）、孙佳俊（蝶泳）和潘展乐（自由泳）。前半程中国队第一，第三棒后暂居第三。最后一棒，当天正是20岁生日的“百米飞鱼”潘展乐分段游出45秒92，完成惊天大逆转。中国队反超该项目40年的奥运“霸主”美国队以及东道主法国队，以3分27秒46夺冠。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$