Unit 5 First Aid 【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 5 First Aid 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．first-aid techniques　　 2．hospital leaflets 　　 3．contain many toxins 　　 4．the sun's rays 　　 5．radiation sickness 　　 6．acid rain 　　 7．ten millimetres 　　 8．the top layer 　　 9．electric shock 　　 10．burst a blister 　　 11．the tissue underneath 　　 12．nerve cells 　　 13．cotton fabric 　　 14．an experienced paramedic 　　 15．be bitten by mosquitos 　　 16．an elderly woman 　　 17．fall over onto the carpet 　　 18．send an ambulance 　　 19．IV needle 　　 20．stay in the hospital ward 　　 21．sprain ankle 　　 22．a fellow diner 　　 23．cook steak 　　 24．hold his throat 　　 25．slap him on the back 　　 26．force out the obstruction　　 27．make a fist with one hand 　　 28．Newton's laws of motion　　 　　 29．child welfare 　　 30．manual labour 　　 31．in the suburb 　　 32．a gym membership 　　 33．an innocent victim 　　 34．ease discomfort 　　 35．swallow a capsule 　　 36．wrap the burnt area 　　 37．take a bath 　　 38．slip over on the ice 　　 39．without delay 　　 40．rescue the drowning man 　　 　　 41．flee in panic 　　 42．scream with excitement 　　 43．choke on a piece of toast 　　 　　 44．grab a cake from the plate 　　 　　 45．justify their actions 　　 46．collapse in the street 　　 词汇 拓展 1．urge vt. 催促；力劝　n. 强烈的欲望→ adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ n. 紧迫，迫切 2．motion n. 运动；移动→ adj. 一动不动的→ adv. 一动不动地 3．electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的→ n. 电；电学→ adj. 电子的 4．swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→ vi. 膨胀，肿胀 5．tight adj. 牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的；(经济)紧张的 adv. 紧紧地；牢固地→ adv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→ v. (使)变紧；(使)加紧 6．loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ adv. 宽松地→ v. 放松；使松散 7．operator n. 电话接线员；操作员→ v. 操作；运转；动手术→ n. 运转；手术 8．drown vi.& vt. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没→ adj. 溺水的→ adj. 淹死的 9．bleeding n. 流血；失血→ vi. 流血；失血→ n. 血液；血→ adj. 血淋淋的 10．minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的→ n. 少数；少数民族 11．interrupt vi.& vt. 打断；打扰　vt. 使暂停；使中断→ n. 打扰；打断 12．fog n. 雾→ adj. 有雾的；不清楚的 重点 词组 1． 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 2 面朝上/朝下 3． 帮助某人站起身来 4． 被……绊倒；倒下 5． 站在一边；袖手旁观 6． 依靠；取决于 7． 遭受 8． 健康状况不好 9． 毫无预兆；毫无预警 10． 马上；立刻 重点 句型 1．if省略结构 教材原句 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 迁移运用 You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. , how did you deal with them? 你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？ 2．错综虚拟语气 教材原句 Well, if the car hadn't been in an accident, that would be a good price, but it has a few minor problems.嗯，如果这辆小汽车不是发生了事故，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。 迁移运用 (2021·全国乙卷书面表达)If there the help of the Internet, I so much in my studies.如果没有互联网的帮助，我就不会在学习上取得这么多的成绩。 3．have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 教材原句 Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble breathing. 然后她意识到自己站不起来了，而且呼吸困难。 迁移运用 She told me she in class. 她对我说，她上课很难集中注意力。 02 考点速记 核心单词 1.　ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解；使容易n.容易； 舒适；自在easy adj. 容易的 easily adv. 容易地 牛刀小试(单句语法填空)　 ①With a sigh of relief, I took my bag and thanked this stranger. The stranger's friendly smile put me ease. ②Like any other parents, she wanted her son to grow up and fulfill all his dreams ease though that might be impossible. ③Please sit and take (you) ease while enjoying a cup of coffee. 归纳点拨 (1)ease one's mind　　　 ease the pain/stress/burden （2）with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 感到放松 使某人放松 ease sb of ... 减轻某人的…… ease the pain/pressure/burden 写作运用(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④Playing basketball serves as the best way to and find some pleasure from it at the same time. 打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法，同时我们也能从中找到一些乐趣。 ⑤My heart pounded with extreme nervousness, but her warm welcome soon . She was smart and humorous and I with her. 因为极度紧张我的心怦怦跳，但是她的热情的欢迎很快使我放松了下来。她既聪明又幽默，和她在一起我感到很自在。 核心词汇 2.1．be divided into被分成 （教材原句）Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。 (以文化人助写作) ②After lunch, we were divided into groups, playing games, singing and dancing. 午饭后，我们被分成几个小组，玩游戏、唱歌和跳舞。 ③Her time, she says, will be divided among her children, her charities and her writing. 她说会把时间用在孩子、慈善和写作上。 [归纳点拨] (1)divide sth. between/among ... 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物 divide ... in half/into halves 把……分成两半 (2)division n． 分开；分配；除法；部门；分歧 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Garbage should (divide) into four groups: recyclable waste, harmful waste, leftovers and other waste. ②As the work can be divided several people, it can be done efficiently. ③He then took a stone, struck down the (divide) between two windows. ④The teacher had to discuss the topic. After the discussion, he the common ones. 老师把整个班级分成四个小组来讨论这个话题。讨论后，他把有价值的想法与普通想法分离开。 ⑤The traditional Chinese lunar calendar the year 24 solar cycles, instructing the farmers to carry out certain agriculture activities. 中国传统的农历将一年分为24个太阳周期，指导农民进行特定的农业活动。 核心词汇3.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 （教材原句）Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。 归纳总结 (1)minor n．　　　　　　 辅修科目；辅修课程 minor in sth. 辅修 (2)minority n. 少数；少数民族 a/the minority of 少数 in the minority 占少数 (3)majority n. 大多数 in the majority 占大多数 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①Though our school makes it clear that phones are not allowed, a (minor) of students tend to ignore it. ②But every time I went out, I felt I was the minority. (2)完成句子 ③To realize my dream of studying and researching computer science, I computer science. 为了实现我学习和研究计算机科学的梦想，我辅修计算机科学。 ④Women are in the company; men are . 在这家公司，女性占大多数，男性占少数。 ⑤It's the we do today that have a deep impact on this planet. 正是我们今天所做的小事对这个星球产生了深远的影响。 核心词汇 4. slip v. 滑倒；滑落；溜走； 塞入；快速穿上/脱掉　n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条 归纳总结 slip away 逃走；悄悄溜走 slip out of/into 悄悄溜出/溜进 slip on/off 快速穿上/脱下 slip one's mind 被遗忘 slip sth into 将……塞入 注意：(1)slip在语境中存在一词多义，因此需要掌握基本义“滑倒；滑落”，并在语境中推理它的语境义。 (2)slip在读后续写中可以和多个副词或介词搭配用于动作描写，比如slip on sth穿上衣物， slip sth into 将……塞入，slip one's mind 被遗忘等。 熟词生义 根据语境写出slip的含义 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them ... ” ②(2022·全国乙卷)Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ③When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. ④(2023·浙江高考1月)His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show. ⑤Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, slipped something into his pocket, and walked off. ⑥Having got her confidence back, she wouldn't let it slip away. ⑦Our little white dog Tiki had slipped out the door earlier that evening while I was carrying groceries into the house. ⑧“Let's see if it fits，” he laughed, helping her slip the marvellous dress over her shoulders. 核心词汇 5 delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟 归纳总结 (1)delay doing sth.　　　 　 推迟做某事 (2)without delay/hesitation 毫不延迟地；迅速地 注意：“延缓做某事，推迟做某事”的表达还有：put off doing sth., postpone doing sth.等。 在读后续写中，without (any) delay可以用于表示动作的及时性，凸显情况的紧急以及动作发出者的果断，类似于without any hesitation, without thinking twice, without thinking hard等。 牛刀小试(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①We rushed outside delay, attempting to find the little cat. ②He delayed (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment. ③Immediately, she leapt into the water and saved the drowning child. 写作运用(完成句子)　 ④Our school had a survey about online. 我们学校在网上做了一项关于推迟开学时间的调查。 ⑤As my train ,_I had plenty of time to spare. 由于我的火车晚点了两个小时，所以我有充足的空闲时间。 ⑥Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tear Mac into pieces. Mac从自行车上跳下来，毫不拖延地滑进了车里，因为狼离他只有两步远，正要把他撕成碎片。 核心词汇6 panic vi.& vt. (panicked, panicked; panicking) (使)惊慌　n. 惊恐；恐慌 归纳总结 (1)panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事 (2)in panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 惊慌失措 写作运用 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The first time I made a speech in the public, I (panic)． ②One day, a boy fell into a river by accident. His mother panicked and didn't know what to do. ,_a man jumped into the river . Finally, the boy was saved safe and sound, which . 一天，一个男孩不小心掉进河里。他的母亲惊慌失措，不知道该怎么办。看到这种紧急情况，一名男子毫不犹豫地跳入河水中。最后，男孩安然无恙地获救了，这让他母亲放心了。 ③当看到一条蛇蜿蜒前行时，我陷入了恐惧。 When seeing a snake winding its way, I . 核心单词7.interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰；打岔；暂时中断或中止vt.使暂停；使中断 （教材原句）Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 归纳总结 (1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)　　　　 (用某事)打断某人/某事 be interrupted by 被……打断 (2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不断地 牛刀小试（单句语法填空） ①Let's go somewhere where we can talk without (interrupt)． ②It is not polite to interrupt a speaker frequent questions. 写作运用(完成句子)　 ③However, these happy memories a sudden cold rush of air. 然而，这些美好的回忆很快就被一股突如其来的冷空气打断了。 ④I was relieved when a bright, . 当一个明亮甜美的声音打断我们时，我松了一口气。 ⑤I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that . 我希望她能让我静一静，这样我可以不受干扰，想一想这个问题。 核心句式 8 desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 归纳总结 (1)be desperate for sth.　 极想某物 be desperate to do sth. 极想/拼命做某事 (2)desperately adv. 绝望地；非常 (3)desperation n． 绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命 in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①The man lost in the desert was desperate water. ②(2020·浙江7月高考)I ran (desperate) but failed to catch up. ③Perhaps each of us has moments in our lives when we are desperate (search) for something everywhere but it is just under our noses. 写作运用 ④Nothing can be more fascinating than a smile, which can produce hope in even . 没有什么比微笑更能吸引人了，微笑甚至能在绝望的情况下带来希望。 核心句式9．（教材原句）He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. 只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。 归纳总结 while是并列连词，意为“然而，可是”。while用作连词，有以下用法： (1)while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”。 (2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。 (3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”。 (4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。　　 牛刀小试　(用while的适当用法完成句子) ①When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty . 当我当护士的时候，我在白天值班，而我的同事在晚上值班。 ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil the French toast. 他们把一些米放进一锅水中，让它沸腾，同时他们做法式吐司。 ③ I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。 核心结构10. have sth. done结构。 （教材原句）Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。 归纳点拨 　　had his dinner interrupted为have sth. done结构。 (1)have sth. done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让别人为自己做某事 (2)have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 (3)have sb. doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) (4)have sth. to do 有某事要做(主语自己做) (5)have sth. to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做) 注意 　　前三个结构中的have用作使役动词，分别用过去分词、不带to的不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语。过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而不带to的不定式和现在分词与宾语之间为主动关系。 写作运用　 (完成句子) ①He hoped to find a good way to in a short period. 他希望找到一种在短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 ②Don't worry. I'll you finish the work. 别担心。我将会让汤姆帮你完成这项工作。 ③I can't to your mother in such a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately. 我不允许你对你妈妈说话这么粗鲁。你必须立即向她道歉。 ④I before the end of this term. 在这学期结束之前，我有很多阅读要完成。 ⑤“Do you ？” the servant asked. “你有衣服要洗吗？”仆人问。 核心句式11．（教材原句）Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 归纳总结 if necessary为if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，意为“如果有必要的话”，if用作连词，省略了it is。类似的省略结构还有： if possible　　　　　　　　 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if so 如果这样的话 if not 如果不这样的话 unless necessary 除非有必要 when necessary 当必要的时候 牛刀小试 (变换句式)　 ①There won't be much difficulty, if there is any. →There won't be much difficulty, . ②It is always best to choose organically grown foods if it is possible. →It is always best to choose organically grown foods . ③If it is so, you should do first aid without delay. → ,_you should do first aid without delay. 写作运用 ④如果必要的话，我们能帮你们找一位有经验的导游。 ,_we can find an experienced guide for you. ⑤如果可能的话，不要把钱花在无用的东西上。要学会明智地管理你的钱。 Don't spend money on useless things .Learn to manage your money wisely. ⑥这里的气候宜人，气温，如果有过的话，在夏季极少达到30摄氏度。 The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ,_reaching 30℃ in summer. 核心句式12 　unless引导条件状语从句 归纳点拨 (1)unless意为“除非；如果不”，引导肯定的条件状语从句，可与if ... not引导的否定状语从句互换。 (2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。 (3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。 牛刀小试（单句语法填空/完成句子） ①Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion he wants their support. ②I won't attend the party to be held tomorrow unless (invite)． ③众所周知，除非你经常锻炼，否则你就不能保持健康。 It is known to all that _ ，_you won't keep fit. 03 素养提升 语法释析　复习动词-ing形式 思维导图 动词-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式。动名词既具有动词的特征，也具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等成分。现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语、状语等成分。 语法感知 ①Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. ②Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends. ③Being ill, he was sent to the hospital. ④My granny sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper. ⑤Going there by plane, you'll arrive tomorrow morning. ⑥Having been told many times, he still couldn't get rid of the bad habit. ⑦(教材原句)The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. ⑧The train was caught in a heavy snow, thus causing the delay. ⑨(教材原句)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. ⑩(教材原句)Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. ⑪(教材原句句)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. ⑫(教材原句)You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth. 自主发现 (1)①②句中的现在分词短语在句中作 状语。 (2)句②和句⑥中的现在分词短语使用 时，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。 (3)③④⑤⑥⑧⑪句中的现在分词短语分别在句中作 状语、 状语、 状语、 状语、 状语和 语。 (4)⑦⑨⑫句中是动名词，分别在句中作 、 和 。 (5)句中是现在分词作 。 归纳总结 一、动词-ing形式及句法功能 　 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 动名词 一般式 doing being done     完成式 having done having been done 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done     二、动词-ing形式作主语 　 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。通常有两种位置，一种位于句首，另一种是it作形式主语，动名词后置。下列句型中常用动名词作主语： (1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth. (2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth. It is no use coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 There is no sense (in) worrying about it now. 现在为那件事忧虑没有意义。 三、动词-ing形式作宾语 　 1．下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 2.下列动词或动词短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： 四、动词-ing形式作表语 　 1．动名词作表语 动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容或某种性质或特征。表语和主语常可互换位置。 My job is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你们英语。 2．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语表示事物的特征或性质。 Please describe a dog that is frightening. 请描述一只令人害怕的狗。 五、动词-ing形式作定语 　 1．现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与动词-ing之间是主动关系，相当于定语从句。 boiling water＝the water that is boiling　正沸腾的水 The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance. 在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋。 2．动名词作定语 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。 a walking stick＝a stick for walking　　　手杖 a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping 卧铺车 六、动词-ing形式作状语 　 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随、结果等状语。 现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。 Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. 听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。 Going straight down the road, you will find the canteen. 沿着这条路直走，你就会找到食堂。 七、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 　 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补是主动关系。 I heard him singing in the next room. 我听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth. 刷牙的时候不要让水一直流着。 八、动词-ing形式的复合结构 　 通常情况下，动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为句子的主语。如果动词-ing形式的动作的发出者不是句子的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语。动词-ing形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。其逻辑主语可以是名词所有格、形容词性物主代词、人称代词的宾格、名词普通格。位于句首时逻辑主语只能用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。 Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你认为我去那儿有帮助吗？ The student's knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语有帮助。 牛刀小试 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, (observe) how nature solved problems. ②(2021·全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! ③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists (rise) from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. ④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth­floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2­metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the (fall) child. ⑤ The man (speak) to the teacher is our monitor's father. ⑥ (prepare) others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor. ⑦My wife had a long talk with Sally, (explain) why she didn't want the children to play together. ⑧There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which he enjoys (take) care of. (2)完成句子 ⑨They insist on them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。 (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)In my opinion, can enhance students' writing skills. 在我看来，阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站可以提高学生的写作技能。 ⑪I hope you don't mind . 我希望你不介意我那么说。 ⑫He said nothing about . 关于我们输掉比赛，他没说什么。 ⑬The result of the game . 比赛的结果令人失望。 单元写作——Share your story about providing first aid 本单元的写作任务是分享你实施急救的故事，属于叙事类记叙文。该类写作是以叙述为主，通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。 写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：写作要求是写一个真实的故事，写作时应注意记叙文的常规格式，以及记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。 2．主体时态：在叙事过程中，一般用一般现在时和一般过去时。在叙述事情的背景或某景象时，可用过去进行时，显得更加生动形象。 3．主体人称：故事是叙述过去发生的事，通常用第一人称写自己的经历，用第三人称写他人的经历或事迹。 (一)课文模板提炼 充盈语料库 (一)背写作词汇 1． 　　　　　　 榨出；挤出 2． 　 反复；多次 3． 　 在适当的位置；适当 4． 　 坐直；(使)坐起 5． 　 放回 6． 　 生病 7． 　 受伤 8． 　 感染 9． 　 帮助某人站起身来 10． 　 有影响；起(重要)作用 (二)背写作佳句 1．The golden time for saving lives is within 30 minutes, during which effective first aid may help others out of danger. 拯救生命的黄金时间是三十分钟内，这个时间内，有效的急救可能帮助他人脱离危险。 2．He suggested that every family should have a first-aid kit with common items, such as bandages, in case of an emergency. 他建议每个家庭备一个急救包，含有常规物品，如绷带，以防紧急情况。 3．It is important for us to learn some knowledge about first aid in our daily life. 在日常生活中，学习一些急救知识对我们很重要。 4．Head injuries can occur in just any setting, and they can be dangerous for the patient if not treated properly. 任何情况下都可能发生头部损伤，如果治疗不当，可能会对患者造成危险。 5．To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. 为了做心肺复苏术，你要按压病人的胸部，以便于血液在体内流动，并将氧气带到器官。 6．Second, if a person cannot breathe, do your best to start his breathing at once, using a mouth to mouth way. 其次，假如他不能呼吸，就采取人工呼吸的方法，尽你最大努力使他开始呼吸。 （一）常用开头句 ①Last week I had an unforgettable experience. 上周，我有一次难忘的经历。 ②One day Mike was studying in his room when he heard a scream from the kitchen. 一天，迈克正在他的房间里学习，这时他听到厨房里传来一声尖叫。 ③I was walking in the street when ... 我正在街上走着，这时…… ④Although it happened three years ago, I never forget the scene. 虽然它发生在三年前，但我永远不会忘记那一幕。 （二）．常用中间句 ①We checked whether he/she was conscious or not. 我们检查他/她是否清醒。 ②First，he removed the clothes that the boy was wearing near the burns. 首先，他除去了男孩烧伤处附近的衣服。 ③Then, he put clean cloth in the cold water, squeezed water out and placed it on the burned area. 然后，他把干净的布放在冷水中，挤出水来，放在烧伤的地方。 ④At last, he put his hands on a dry and clean bandage, and held the bandage in place to the burned area. 最后，他把手放在一块干燥且干净的绷带上，把绷带固定在烧伤的地方。 ⑤Use the mouth-to-mouth method within five minutes. 在五分钟内进行人工呼吸。 ⑥Don't move him/her — leave him/her where he/she is. 不要移动他/她——让他/她待在原地。 ⑦Cover the wound with a bandage or a piece of dry and clean cloth. 用绷带或一块清洁的干布把伤口包扎起来。 ⑧Wash the wound with cool running water. 用凉自来水冲洗伤口。 ⑨If the victim is facing severe condition, it is vital to give him first aid at once. 如果患者状况严重，立刻对他进行急救是极为重要的。 ⑩Please call 120 for an ambulance at once. 请立即拨打120叫救护车。 （三）．常用结束句 ①I learnt a lot from it. 我从中学到了很多。 ②I was very tired, but I was happy that I did a good deed. 我很疲惫，但我很高兴自己做了一件好事。 ③He uses his story to impress upon students the need for quick action. 他用他的故事使学生们深刻认识到必须迅速采取行动。 ④The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference. 这个故事是个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。 典例训练 假定学校组织普及急救知识的活动，邀请一名医生给学生做有关急救的报告，请你就此写一篇短文，内容包括： 1．急救的“黄金时刻”； 2．鼓励学生学习急救知识； 3．为防止意外的发生，家庭急救包有备无患。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 In order to popularize the knowledge of first aid, our school invited Dr Chen to give us a talk about “first aid”． 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 First Aid 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．first-aid techniques　　急救技巧 2．hospital leaflets 医院的传单 3．contain many toxins 包含很多毒素 4．the sun's rays 太阳光 5．radiation sickness 辐射病 6．acid rain 酸雨 7．ten millimetres 十毫米 8．the top layer 最上层 9．electric shock 触电；电击 10．burst a blister 挑破水泡 11．the tissue underneath 皮下组织 12．nerve cells 神经细胞 13．cotton fabric 棉织物 14．an experienced paramedic 一位有经验的急救医生 15．be bitten by mosquitos 被蚊子叮 16．an elderly woman 一位老妇人 17．fall over onto the carpet 摔倒在地毯上 18．send an ambulance 派一辆救护车 19．IV needle 静脉注射针 20．stay in the hospital ward 待在病房里 21．sprain ankle 扭伤了脚踝 22．a fellow diner 一个就餐的伙伴 23．cook steak 做牛排 24．hold his throat 按住他的喉咙 25．slap him on the back 拍他的背 26．force out the obstruction将异物排除 27．make a fist with one hand 一只手握拳 28．Newton's laws of motion 牛顿的运动定律 29．child welfare 儿童福利 30．manual labour 体力劳动 31．in the suburb 在郊区 32．a gym membership 健身房会员 33．an innocent victim一位无辜的受害者 34．ease discomfort 减轻不适感 35．swallow a capsule 吞服一粒胶囊 36．wrap the burnt area 包裹烫伤的区域 37．take a bath 洗澡 38．slip over on the ice 在冰上滑倒 39．without delay立即；毫不迟疑 40．rescue the drowning man 救那个溺水的男人 41．flee in panic慌忙逃跑 42．scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫 43．choke on a piece of toast 被一块烤面包噎住 44．grab a cake from the plate 从盘子里抓了一块蛋糕 45．justify their actions 为他们的行为辩护 46．collapse in the street 昏倒在大街上 词汇 拓展 1．urge vt. 催促；力劝　n. 强烈的欲望→urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urgency n. 紧迫，迫切 2．motion n. 运动；移动→motionless adj. 一动不动的→motionlessly adv. 一动不动地 3．electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的→electricity n. 电；电学→electronic adj. 电子的 4．swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→swell vi. 膨胀，肿胀 5．tight adj. 牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的；(经济)紧张的 adv. 紧紧地；牢固地→tightly adv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tighten v. (使)变紧；(使)加紧 6．loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv. 宽松地→loosen v. 放松；使松散 7．operator n. 电话接线员；操作员→operate v. 操作；运转；动手术→operation n. 运转；手术 8．drown vi.& vt. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没→drowning adj. 溺水的→drowned adj. 淹死的 9．bleeding n. 流血；失血→bleed vi. 流血；失血→blood n. 血液；血→bloody adj. 血淋淋的 10．minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n. 少数；少数民族 11．interrupt vi.& vt. 打断；打扰　vt. 使暂停；使中断→interruption n. 打扰；打断 12．fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的；不清楚的 重点 词组 1．sleep__in 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 2．face__up/down 面朝上/朝下 3．help__sb__to__one's__feet 帮助某人站起身来 4．fall__over 被……绊倒；倒下 5．stand__by 站在一边；袖手旁观 6．depend__on 依靠；取决于 7．suffer__from 遭受 8．out__of__shape 健康状况不好 9．without__warning 毫无预兆；毫无预警 10．without__delay 马上；立刻 重点 句型 1．if省略结构 教材原句 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 迁移运用 You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. If so, how did you deal with them? 你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？ 2．错综虚拟语气 教材原句 Well, if the car hadn't been in an accident, that would be a good price, but it has a few minor problems.嗯，如果这辆小汽车不是发生了事故，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。 迁移运用 (2021·全国乙卷书面表达)If there hadn't been the help of the Internet, I would not achieve so much in my studies.如果没有互联网的帮助，我就不会在学习上取得这么多的成绩。 3．have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 教材原句 Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble breathing. 然后她意识到自己站不起来了，而且呼吸困难。 迁移运用 She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. 她对我说，她上课很难集中注意力。 02 考点速记 核心单词 1.　ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解；使容易n.容易； 舒适；自在easy adj. 容易的 easily adv. 容易地 牛刀小试(单句语法填空)　 ①With a sigh of relief, I took my bag and thanked this stranger. The stranger's friendly smile put me at ease. ②Like any other parents, she wanted her son to grow up and fulfill all his dreams with ease though that might be impossible. ③Please sit and take your (you) ease while enjoying a cup of coffee. 归纳点拨 (1)ease one's mind　　　 使某人安心 ease the pain/stress/burden 减轻痛苦/压力/负担 （2）with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 feel at ease 感到放松 put sb at ease 使某人放松 ease sb of ... 减轻某人的…… ease the pain/pressure/burden 减轻疼痛/压力/负担 写作运用(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④Playing basketball serves as the best way to ease_our_great_study_pressure and find some pleasure from it at the same time. 打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法，同时我们也能从中找到一些乐趣。 ⑤My heart pounded with extreme nervousness, but her warm welcome soon put_me_at_ease. She was smart and humorous and I felt_at_ease with her. 因为极度紧张我的心怦怦跳，但是她的热情的欢迎很快使我放松了下来。她既聪明又幽默，和她在一起我感到很自在。 核心词汇 2.1．be divided into被分成 （教材原句）Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。 (以文化人助写作) ②After lunch, we were divided into groups, playing games, singing and dancing. 午饭后，我们被分成几个小组，玩游戏、唱歌和跳舞。 ③Her time, she says, will be divided among her children, her charities and her writing. 她说会把时间用在孩子、慈善和写作上。 [归纳点拨] (1)divide sth. between/among ... 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物 divide ... in half/into halves 把……分成两半 (2)division n． 分开；分配；除法；部门；分歧 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Garbage should be divided (divide) into four groups: recyclable waste, harmful waste, leftovers and other waste. ②As the work can be divided among/between several people, it can be done efficiently. ③He then took a stone, struck down the division (divide) between two windows. ④The teacher had divided the whole class into four groups to discuss the topic. After the discussion, he separated the valuable ideas from the common ones. 老师把整个班级分成四个小组来讨论这个话题。讨论后，他把有价值的想法与普通想法分离开。 ⑤The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar cycles, instructing the farmers to carry out certain agriculture activities. 中国传统的农历将一年分为24个太阳周期，指导农民进行特定的农业活动。 核心词汇3.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 （教材原句）Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。 归纳总结 (1)minor n．　　　　　　 辅修科目；辅修课程 minor in sth. 辅修 (2)minority n. 少数；少数民族 a/the minority of 少数 in the minority 占少数 (3)majority n. 大多数 in the majority 占大多数 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①Though our school makes it clear that phones are not allowed, a minority (minor) of students tend to ignore it. ②But every time I went out, I felt I was in the minority. (2)完成句子 ③To realize my dream of studying and researching computer science, I minor in computer science. 为了实现我学习和研究计算机科学的梦想，我辅修计算机科学。 ④Women are in the majority in the company; men are in the minority. 在这家公司，女性占大多数，男性占少数。 ⑤It's the minor deeds we do today that have a deep impact on this planet. 正是我们今天所做的小事对这个星球产生了深远的影响。 核心词汇 4. slip v. 滑倒；滑落；溜走； 塞入；快速穿上/脱掉　n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条 归纳总结 slip away 逃走；悄悄溜走 slip out of/into 悄悄溜出/溜进 slip on/off 快速穿上/脱下 slip one's mind 被遗忘 slip sth into 将……塞入 注意：(1)slip在语境中存在一词多义，因此需要掌握基本义“滑倒；滑落”，并在语境中推理它的语境义。 (2)slip在读后续写中可以和多个副词或介词搭配用于动作描写，比如slip on sth穿上衣物， slip sth into 将……塞入，slip one's mind 被遗忘等。 熟词生义 根据语境写出slip的含义 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them ... ” (太阳)落山 ②(2022·全国乙卷)Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. 被遗忘 ③When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. 滑倒 ④(2023·浙江高考1月)His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.下降；衰落 ⑤Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, slipped something into his pocket, and walked off.将……塞入 ⑥Having got her confidence back, she wouldn't let it slip away.溜走 ⑦Our little white dog Tiki had slipped out the door earlier that evening while I was carrying groceries into the house.出门；溜出 ⑧“Let's see if it fits，” he laughed, helping her slip the marvellous dress over her shoulders.迅速穿上 核心词汇 5 delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟 归纳总结 (1)delay doing sth.　　　 　 推迟做某事 (2)without delay/hesitation 毫不延迟地；迅速地 注意：“延缓做某事，推迟做某事”的表达还有：put off doing sth., postpone doing sth.等。 在读后续写中，without (any) delay可以用于表示动作的及时性，凸显情况的紧急以及动作发出者的果断，类似于without any hesitation, without thinking twice, without thinking hard等。 牛刀小试(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①We rushed outside without delay, attempting to find the little cat. ②He delayed telling (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment. ③Immediately, she leapt into the water and saved the drowning child. Without_hesitation/delay 写作运用(完成句子)　 ④Our school had a survey about delaying_school_starting_time online. 我们学校在网上做了一项关于推迟开学时间的调查。 ⑤As my train was_delayed_for_two_hours,_I had plenty of time to spare. 由于我的火车晚点了两个小时，所以我有充足的空闲时间。 ⑥Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without_delay as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tear Mac into pieces. Mac从自行车上跳下来，毫不拖延地滑进了车里，因为狼离他只有两步远，正要把他撕成碎片。 核心词汇6 panic vi.& vt. (panicked, panicked; panicking) (使)惊慌　n. 惊恐；恐慌 归纳总结 (1)panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事 (2)in panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 惊慌失措 写作运用 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The first time I made a speech in the public, I panicked (panic)． ②One day, a boy fell into a river by accident. His mother panicked and didn't know what to do. Seeing_this_urgent_situation,_a man jumped into the river without_delay. Finally, the boy was saved safe and sound, which eased_his_mother's_mind. 一天，一个男孩不小心掉进河里。他的母亲惊慌失措，不知道该怎么办。看到这种紧急情况，一名男子毫不犹豫地跳入河水中。最后，男孩安然无恙地获救了，这让他母亲放心了。 ③当看到一条蛇蜿蜒前行时，我陷入了恐惧。 When seeing a snake winding its way, I got__into__a__panic. 核心单词7.interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰；打岔；暂时中断或中止vt.使暂停；使中断 （教材原句）Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 归纳总结 (1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)　　　　 (用某事)打断某人/某事 be interrupted by 被……打断 (2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不断地 牛刀小试（单句语法填空） ①Let's go somewhere where we can talk without interruption (interrupt)． ②It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions. 写作运用(完成句子)　 ③However, these happy memories were_soon_interrupted_by a sudden cold rush of air. 然而，这些美好的回忆很快就被一股突如其来的冷空气打断了。 ④I was relieved when a bright, sweet_voice_interrupted_us. 当一个明亮甜美的声音打断我们时，我松了一口气。 ⑤I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption. 我希望她能让我静一静，这样我可以不受干扰，想一想这个问题。 核心句式 8 desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 归纳总结 (1)be desperate for sth.　 极想某物 be desperate to do sth. 极想/拼命做某事 (2)desperately adv. 绝望地；非常 (3)desperation n． 绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命 in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. ②(2020·浙江7月高考)I ran desperately (desperate) but failed to catch up. ③Perhaps each of us has moments in our lives when we are desperate to search (search) for something everywhere but it is just under our noses. 写作运用 ④Nothing can be more fascinating than a smile, which can produce hope in even desperate situations. 没有什么比微笑更能吸引人了，微笑甚至能在绝望的情况下带来希望。 核心句式9．（教材原句）He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. 只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。 归纳总结 while是并列连词，意为“然而，可是”。while用作连词，有以下用法： (1)while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”。 (2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。 (3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”。 (4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。　　 牛刀小试　(用while的适当用法完成句子) ①When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty while my workmates were on night duty. 当我当护士的时候，我在白天值班，而我的同事在晚上值班。 ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. 他们把一些米放进一锅水中，让它沸腾，同时他们做法式吐司。 ③While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。 核心结构10. have sth. done结构。 （教材原句）Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。 归纳点拨 　　had his dinner interrupted为have sth. done结构。 (1)have sth. done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让别人为自己做某事 (2)have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 (3)have sb. doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) (4)have sth. to do 有某事要做(主语自己做) (5)have sth. to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做) 注意 　　前三个结构中的have用作使役动词，分别用过去分词、不带to的不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语。过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而不带to的不定式和现在分词与宾语之间为主动关系。 写作运用　 (完成句子) ①He hoped to find a good way to have his written English improved in a short period. 他希望找到一种在短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 ②Don't worry. I'll have Tom help you finish the work. 别担心。我将会让汤姆帮你完成这项工作。 ③I can't have you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately. 我不允许你对你妈妈说话这么粗鲁。你必须立即向她道歉。 ④I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term. 在这学期结束之前，我有很多阅读要完成。 ⑤“Do you have any clothes to be washed？” the servant asked. “你有衣服要洗吗？”仆人问。 核心句式11．（教材原句）Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 归纳总结 if necessary为if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，意为“如果有必要的话”，if用作连词，省略了it is。类似的省略结构还有： if possible　　　　　　　　 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if so 如果这样的话 if not 如果不这样的话 unless necessary 除非有必要 when necessary 当必要的时候 牛刀小试 (变换句式)　 ①There won't be much difficulty, if there is any. →There won't be much difficulty, if_any. ②It is always best to choose organically grown foods if it is possible. →It is always best to choose organically grown foods if_possible. ③If it is so, you should do first aid without delay. →If_so,_you should do first aid without delay. 写作运用 ④如果必要的话，我们能帮你们找一位有经验的导游。 If_necessary,_we can find an experienced guide for you. ⑤如果可能的话，不要把钱花在无用的东西上。要学会明智地管理你的钱。 Don't spend money on useless things if_possible.Learn to manage your money wisely. ⑥这里的气候宜人，气温，如果有过的话，在夏季极少达到30摄氏度。 The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30℃ in summer. 核心句式12 　unless引导条件状语从句 归纳点拨 (1)unless意为“除非；如果不”，引导肯定的条件状语从句，可与if ... not引导的否定状语从句互换。 (2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。 (3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。 牛刀小试（单句语法填空/完成句子） ①Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support. ②I won't attend the party to be held tomorrow unless invited (invite)． ③众所周知，除非你经常锻炼，否则你就不能保持健康。 It is known to all that unless__you__exercise/work__out__regularly,__you won't keep fit. 03 素养提升 语法释析　复习动词-ing形式 思维导图 动词-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式。动名词既具有动词的特征，也具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等成分。现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语、状语等成分。 语法感知 ①Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. ②Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends. ③Being ill, he was sent to the hospital. ④My granny sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper. ⑤Going there by plane, you'll arrive tomorrow morning. ⑥Having been told many times, he still couldn't get rid of the bad habit. ⑦(教材原句)The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. ⑧The train was caught in a heavy snow, thus causing the delay. ⑨(教材原句)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. ⑩(教材原句)Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. ⑪(教材原句句)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. ⑫(教材原句)You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth. 自主发现 (1)①②句中的现在分词短语在句中作时间状语。 (2)句②和句⑥中的现在分词短语使用完成时，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。 (3)③④⑤⑥⑧⑪句中的现在分词短语分别在句中作原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、让步状语、结果状语和宾语补足语。 (4)⑦⑨⑫句中是动名词，分别在句中作表语、主语和宾语。 (5)句中是现在分词作定语。 归纳总结 一、动词-ing形式及句法功能 　 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 动名词 一般式 doing being done     完成式 having done having been done 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done     二、动词-ing形式作主语 　 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。通常有两种位置，一种位于句首，另一种是it作形式主语，动名词后置。下列句型中常用动名词作主语： (1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth. (2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth. It is no use coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 There is no sense (in) worrying about it now. 现在为那件事忧虑没有意义。 三、动词-ing形式作宾语 　 1．下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 2.下列动词或动词短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： 四、动词-ing形式作表语 　 1．动名词作表语 动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容或某种性质或特征。表语和主语常可互换位置。 My job is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你们英语。 2．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语表示事物的特征或性质。 Please describe a dog that is frightening. 请描述一只令人害怕的狗。 五、动词-ing形式作定语 　 1．现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与动词-ing之间是主动关系，相当于定语从句。 boiling water＝the water that is boiling　正沸腾的水 The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance. 在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋。 2．动名词作定语 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。 a walking stick＝a stick for walking　　　手杖 a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping 卧铺车 六、动词-ing形式作状语 　 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随、结果等状语。 现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。 Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. 听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。 Going straight down the road, you will find the canteen. 沿着这条路直走，你就会找到食堂。 七、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 　 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补是主动关系。 I heard him singing in the next room. 我听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth. 刷牙的时候不要让水一直流着。 八、动词-ing形式的复合结构 　 通常情况下，动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为句子的主语。如果动词-ing形式的动作的发出者不是句子的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语。动词-ing形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。其逻辑主语可以是名词所有格、形容词性物主代词、人称代词的宾格、名词普通格。位于句首时逻辑主语只能用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。 Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你认为我去那儿有帮助吗？ The student's knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语有帮助。 牛刀小试 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing (observe) how nature solved problems. ②(2021·全国甲卷)After spending (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! ③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising (rise) from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. ④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth­floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2­metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the falling (fall) child. ⑤ The man speaking (speak) to the teacher is our monitor's father. ⑥Preparing (prepare) others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor. ⑦My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining (explain) why she didn't want the children to play together. ⑧There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which he enjoys taking (take) care of. (2)完成句子 ⑨They insist on Mary's/Mary going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。 (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)In my opinion, reading English books and visiting English­learning websites can enhance students' writing skills. 在我看来，阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站可以提高学生的写作技能。 ⑪I hope you don't mind my saying that. 我希望你不介意我那么说。 ⑫He said nothing about us losing the game. 关于我们输掉比赛，他没说什么。 ⑬The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛的结果令人失望。 单元写作——Share your story about providing first aid 本单元的写作任务是分享你实施急救的故事，属于叙事类记叙文。该类写作是以叙述为主，通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。 写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：写作要求是写一个真实的故事，写作时应注意记叙文的常规格式，以及记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。 2．主体时态：在叙事过程中，一般用一般现在时和一般过去时。在叙述事情的背景或某景象时，可用过去进行时，显得更加生动形象。 3．主体人称：故事是叙述过去发生的事，通常用第一人称写自己的经历，用第三人称写他人的经历或事迹。 (一)课文模板提炼 充盈语料库 (一)背写作词汇 1．squeeze out　　　　　　　 榨出；挤出 2．over and over again 反复；多次 3．in place 在适当的位置；适当 4．sit up 坐直；(使)坐起 5．put back 放回 6．fall ill 生病 7．get injured 受伤 8．get infected 感染 9．help sb. to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来 10．make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用 (二)背写作佳句 1．The golden time for saving lives is within 30 minutes, during which effective first aid may help others out of danger. 拯救生命的黄金时间是三十分钟内，这个时间内，有效的急救可能帮助他人脱离危险。 2．He suggested that every family should have a first-aid kit with common items, such as bandages, in case of an emergency. 他建议每个家庭备一个急救包，含有常规物品，如绷带，以防紧急情况。 3．It is important for us to learn some knowledge about first aid in our daily life. 在日常生活中，学习一些急救知识对我们很重要。 4．Head injuries can occur in just any setting, and they can be dangerous for the patient if not treated properly. 任何情况下都可能发生头部损伤，如果治疗不当，可能会对患者造成危险。 5．To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. 为了做心肺复苏术，你要按压病人的胸部，以便于血液在体内流动，并将氧气带到器官。 6．Second, if a person cannot breathe, do your best to start his breathing at once, using a mouth to mouth way. 其次，假如他不能呼吸，就采取人工呼吸的方法，尽你最大努力使他开始呼吸。 （一）常用开头句 ①Last week I had an unforgettable experience. 上周，我有一次难忘的经历。 ②One day Mike was studying in his room when he heard a scream from the kitchen. 一天，迈克正在他的房间里学习，这时他听到厨房里传来一声尖叫。 ③I was walking in the street when ... 我正在街上走着，这时…… ④Although it happened three years ago, I never forget the scene. 虽然它发生在三年前，但我永远不会忘记那一幕。 （二）．常用中间句 ①We checked whether he/she was conscious or not. 我们检查他/她是否清醒。 ②First，he removed the clothes that the boy was wearing near the burns. 首先，他除去了男孩烧伤处附近的衣服。 ③Then, he put clean cloth in the cold water, squeezed water out and placed it on the burned area. 然后，他把干净的布放在冷水中，挤出水来，放在烧伤的地方。 ④At last, he put his hands on a dry and clean bandage, and held the bandage in place to the burned area. 最后，他把手放在一块干燥且干净的绷带上，把绷带固定在烧伤的地方。 ⑤Use the mouth-to-mouth method within five minutes. 在五分钟内进行人工呼吸。 ⑥Don't move him/her — leave him/her where he/she is. 不要移动他/她——让他/她待在原地。 ⑦Cover the wound with a bandage or a piece of dry and clean cloth. 用绷带或一块清洁的干布把伤口包扎起来。 ⑧Wash the wound with cool running water. 用凉自来水冲洗伤口。 ⑨If the victim is facing severe condition, it is vital to give him first aid at once. 如果患者状况严重，立刻对他进行急救是极为重要的。 ⑩Please call 120 for an ambulance at once. 请立即拨打120叫救护车。 （三）．常用结束句 ①I learnt a lot from it. 我从中学到了很多。 ②I was very tired, but I was happy that I did a good deed. 我很疲惫，但我很高兴自己做了一件好事。 ③He uses his story to impress upon students the need for quick action. 他用他的故事使学生们深刻认识到必须迅速采取行动。 ④The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference. 这个故事是个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。 典例训练 假定学校组织普及急救知识的活动，邀请一名医生给学生做有关急救的报告，请你就此写一篇短文，内容包括： 1．急救的“黄金时刻”； 2．鼓励学生学习急救知识； 3．为防止意外的发生，家庭急救包有备无患。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 In order to popularize the knowledge of first aid, our school invited Dr Chen to give us a talk about “first aid”． 参考范文 In order to popularize the knowledge of first aid, our school invited Dr Chen to give us a talk about “first aid”． He basically talked about three things. The golden time for saving lives is within 30 minutes, during which effective first aid may help others out of danger. In view of this situation, Dr Chen encouraged students to actively study first aid knowledge and master first aid skills. Finally, Dr. Chen suggested that every family should have a first-aid kit with common items, such as bandages, in case of an emergency. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$