11讲：外刊精选+语法专题【一般将来时与过去将来时】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母M】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第十一讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（一般将来时与过去将来时）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读单选）、 词汇打卡(字母M) 外刊精选 How sponge cities could prevent floods? “海绵城市” 如何 “吸水” 防涝？ 大型城市因鳞次栉比的高楼大厦而常被人们称作“钢筋混凝土的森林”，也正因如此，大量的混凝土建材增加了城市的内涝风险。为了防治内涝，人们从大自然中汲取灵感，利用高科技手段，对城市进行“海绵化”改造。本文介绍城市雨洪管理概念——“海绵城市”。 Devastating floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? As cities expand, and more and more land is underneath concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge cities’, which are designed to soak up water—like a sponge—reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated contamination which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or flush toilets. Sophisticated software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximise the system’s ability to soak up rainwater. It can even identify which areas of the city are at most risk and tailor the response accordingly. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 词汇表 devastating 毁灭性的 concrete 混凝土 paving 铺路的材料 channel away 疏导，排出 storm drain 雨水渠 sewerage system 下水道系统 overwhelmed 被淹没的 flash flooding 突发性洪水 landscape architect 景观设计师 soak up 吸收，吸掉（液体） absorb （逐渐）吸收 floodwater 内涝积水，洪水 culvert 地下排水管道 bank 堤岸 wash into 冲入 blue-green roof 种有绿色植物、有助于管理雨水的 “蓝绿色屋顶”   测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. Why is rainfall getting heavier around the world? 2. What is happening to land as cities expand? 3. When was the idea of sponge cities proposed? 4. What has been done to the Oakley creek stream? 5. How can people use the water collected by blue-green roofs? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. When _______ is added to roads, it is harder to get rid of water. culverts            floodwater      paving             storm drain 2. Drainage systems can be _______ by floods. channelled away    soaked up      absorbed          overwhelmed 3. Concrete does not _______ rain water. absorb             wash into       channel away      overwhelm 4. A _______ designs ways to protect cities. blue-green roof     culvert         storm drain       landscape architect 5. _______ can destroy buildings quickly. Flash flooding      Devastating         Concrete         Sewerage system 【文本翻译】毁灭性的洪水在世界各地变得越来越常见。气候变暖导致降雨量增加，但城市的发展方式会不会让情况变得更糟？我们能否以不同的方式设计城市以降低洪水风险？ 随着城市的扩张，越来越多的土地被混凝土或铺路所覆盖，吸收的水分减少，更多的水需要通过雨水渠和污水系统排走。当这些系统被水量压垮时，突发洪水的风险就会增加。 难道我们一直采取了错误的方法？中国景观设计师俞孔坚肯定这么认为。2013 年，他提出了“海绵城市”的概念，旨在像海绵一样吸收水分，降低突发洪水的风险。鼓励采用自然解决方案，利用河边公园和池塘来吸收洪水。世界各地的城市都受到了这一理念的启发。在一项研究中，新西兰的奥克兰被评为最具海绵性的城市。它用绿色河岸和相连的公园取代了奥克利溪周围的混凝土涵洞。这不仅减少了附近居民区的洪水，还减少了过去被冲入大海的相关污染物的数量。 奥克兰采取了自然的方法，但在阿姆斯特丹可以看到一种更高科技的方法。这座荷兰城市在许多建筑物上安装了蓝绿色屋顶。这些屋顶外面有一层植物，下面还有几层可以收集和储存雨水。这部分水可以被下面建筑物里的人用来浇花或冲厕所。复杂的软件甚至可以告诉屋顶在即将到来的暴风雨前放水，以最大限度地提高系统吸收雨水的能力。它甚至可以识别城市中哪些地区风险最大，并相应地调整应对措施。 俞孔健将海绵城市的方法描述为与自然打太极而不是拳击。有人质疑，面对全球降雨量的增加，自然方法是否足够。还有待观察的是，规模的扩大以及与现代技术的结合能否帮助自然方法让更多的人免受洪水侵害。 语法专题 语法精选----一般将来时与过去将来时 一般将来时 1. 第一人称+shall, 所有人称+will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 1. I shall/ will turn off the lights when I leave the room. 2. When shall we meet again? 2. be going to do表示(1)计划、打算做某事 (2) 根据目前情况很可能要发生的事 1. I’m going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening. 2. It’s windy. It’s going to rain. 3.信号词：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, the coming Sunday, in the future, etc. My father will be back home from Japan in a week. 4. 主将从现 1. Mary will go shopping when she has time. 2. You will stay alone after I leave. 5. 一些表示状态或位置转移的动词用现在进行时表示将来：come, go, arrive, leave, etc. Are you going to the wetlands phone show next week? 过去将来时 1. 从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句 1. He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 2. I asked who was going there. 2. 信号词：the next day(morning, year…),later, soon, the following month(week…),etc. Yesterday our class teacher said we would soon have an outing. 即学即练 1．（2024·上海崇明·一模）My cousin Danny ________ for a picnic in Dongping Forest Park next weekend. A．has gone B．went C．will go D．go 2．（2023·上海崇明·一模）My cousin Justin ________ for a job interview in the city center next Friday. A．go B．went C．has gone D．will go 3．（2019·上海黄浦·一模）I’ve ordered some flowers for Grandma and they ________ in two hours. A．will arrive B．arrived C．have arrived D．had arrived 4．（2021·上海崇明·二模）Laura________ to her hometown to visit her grandparents next weekend. A．drive B．drove C．will drive D．has driven 5．（2023·上海嘉定·二模）The manager said that he _________ the meeting if too many people were absent. A．canceled B．would cancel C．will cancel D．had canceled 6．（2023·上海崇明·二模）Alex said that he ________ his uncle in the countryside next weekend. A．has visited B．is visiting C．will visit D．would visit 7．（2023·上海嘉定·一模）Emma’s father promised that they ________ a cruise trip to Europe the next summer. A．will take B．take C．would take D．are taking 8．（2022·上海松江·二模）Harry said he ________ the Butchart Gardens in Victoria City in the coming holidays. A．would visit B．had visited C．is visiting D．visited 9．（2022·上海虹口·二模）Peter said that his daughter ________ from university the next June. A．had graduated B．graduated C．would graduate D．will graduate 10．（2022·上海徐汇·一模）Word came that race driver Zhou Guanyu ________ the Afa Romeo team for the 2022 season. A．would join B．has joined C．joins D．was joining 11．（2021·上海杨浦·三模）My friends said they ________ here by 9 p.m., but they haven’t arrived yet. A．will be B．had been C．have been D．would be 12．（2021·上海奉贤·二模）My dad promised on his birthday that he ________ smoking in the near future. A．will give up B．would give up C．gave up D．had given up 13．（2021·上海嘉定·二模）The famous writer promised that she _______ all the money for her new book to charity. A．gave B．would give C．has given D．had given 14．（2021·上海宝山·二模）The manager told us that the company ________ modern robots to do some of the work soon. A．used B．uses C．will use D．would use 15．（2020·上海松江·二模）Tom promised that he ________ the dictionary to me this Saturday. A．returned B．would return C．had returned D．was returning 16．（2024·江西萍乡·一模）—Lin Tao, have you ever decided which city to travel to, Beijing or Guangzhou? —Yes. I ______ Guangzhou to meet my cousin this time. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．was visiting 17．（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）—Lydia, have you decided which city to travel to, London or New York? —Not yet. Maybe I ________ London to meet my friends this time. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．was visiting 18．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have 19．（2024·河北·中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A．order B．ordered C．was ordering D．will order 20．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise! A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （2023下·上海黄浦·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给） Mary Anning: The Fossil Hunter As a fossil（化石）scientist, Mary Anning (1700—1847) made great contributions（贡献）to her field in the 19th century. Her name is now widely known in Britain and even Europe. But that was not always the case. Anning was a talented woman. She was born in a poor family in Lyme Regis, Britain. She did not receive any proper education and had to teach h 1 geology（地质学）and paleontology（古生物学）. Anning grew up by the sea. At a young age, she showed great interest in studying the fossils along the coastline. Anning worked very hard. She went out in all weathers to search for fossils. At the age of 12, she uncovered a skeleton that looked like a crocodile. Then, after ten years of tireless e 2 , she made an amazing discovery. It was a huge fossil of something that the world had never seen before. However, many of Anning’s findings d 3 with the widely accepted theories（理论）at that time. So most of the scientists didn’t believe or recognize the value of her findings. What’s more, in that period, people s 4 respected women. Anning’s findings were even published without her name. During her lifetime, the woman was never s 5 considered to be a scientist. But such troubles didn’t stop Anning from making more discoveries. The woman was still keen on studying v 6 sizes and types of fossils alongside the sea. Some of them were as large as a huge rock while others were smaller than an egg. Until 1829, she carefully uncovered a skeleton of a fossil fish which made her known among first-class scientists. Her discoveries helped to study some extinct（已灭绝的）animals. They formed the basis for Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species（《物种起源》）. In recent years, more and more people have come to realize the importance of Anning’s work. She is now listed among the top ten British women who have greatly a 7 the history of science. Anning was an ambitious and hard-working woman in history. She deserves to be remembered. PASSAGE 2 （2024·上海崇明·二模） Calling all inventors … WE NEED YOUR CREATIVE IDEA To protect our planet for now and the future, We need to encourage everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Luckily, human brains are extremely creative, which is why together-with the LEGO (乐高) Group, we are asking you to design a brilliant (绝妙的) invention that gives old objects new purposes. WIN·GREAT·PRIZE All of the entries (参赛作品) will be looked at by our judges, who will choose three winners — one overall winner and two runners-up. The winners will receive ... ■A complete LEGO Build ■2 runners-up: A LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set each. The Challenge Design an invention that repurposes (赋予新用途) old objects. Draw your invention on a sheet of A4 paper and give it a name. Try to make it as clear as possible what your invention is for and how it works. The judges are looking for creative and bright ideas with a great name and a clear explanation of what it does. How to Enter Ask an adult to take a photo of your drawing and upload (上传) it to theweekjunior.co.uk. There’s a box where you can explain how your invention works and why it will help the environment. Please only send in one entry per person. We look forward to seeing your design. Good luck! The competition opens at 12:01 a.m. on 15 May 2024 and closes at 11:59 a.m. on 15 June 2024. Winners will be selected by the judges who are from the Week Junior, the LEGO Group. 22 MARCH, 2024 THE WEEK JUNIOR                         PAGE 3 8．We can find the passage _________. A．in a newspaper B．in a guidebook C．on a movie poster D．in an instruction 9．_________ is/are the organizer(s) of the competition. A．The Week Junior B．The Week Junior and the LEGO Group C．The LEGO Group D．The LEGO Group and the judges 10．The competition is held to _________. A．find out who is the best designer B．develop children’s creative ideas C．help people to draw inventions well D．encourage people to reuse, reduce and recycle 11．The underlined part overall winner probably means _________. A．the first prize winner B．one of the winners C．the most popular winner D．the luckiest winner 12．_________ should be included when you send your entry. ①A picture of your invention     ②A list of the materials you use ③A sheet of A4 paper         ④An explanation of how the invention works A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement? A．The more entries you send, the more chances you can get to win. B．If you want to enter, send your entry to the Week Junior by yourself. C．The first time we can see the advertisement is 15 May 2024. D．The prizes for the winners are all from the LEGO Group. 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 magic ['mædʒɪk] a.n. 有魔力的;魔术；魔法 2 mainly ['meɪnli] adv． 主要地 3 major ['meɪdʒə(r)] adj.n. 主要的;主修科目 4 manager ['mænɪdʒə(r)] n. 经理 5 marriage ['mærɪdʒ] n. 结婚；婚姻 6 marry ['mæri] v. (使)成婚；结婚 7 material [mə'tɪəriəl] n. 材料，原料 8 medical ['medɪkl] a. 医学的，医疗的 9 modern ['mɒdn] a. 现代化的 10 memory ['meməri] n. 回忆，记忆 11 mend [mend] v. 修理，修补 12 mention ['menʃn] n.&vt 提及，提到，记载 13 mixture [mɪks] n． 混合物 14 model ['mɒdl] n. 模型，原形；范例；模范 15 motorcycle ['məʊtəsaɪkl] n. 摩托车 16 mountain ['maʊntən] n. 山，山脉 17 manner ['mænə(r)] n． 方式，态度，举止 18 manage ['mænɪdʒ] v. 管理；设法 19 mark [mɑːk] n.&vt. 标记；标明 20 master ['mɑːstə(r)] vt&n.. 精通；掌握;主人；师傅 21 match [mætʃ] n.& vt. 比赛；火柴；使相配；使配对 22 matter ['mætə(r)] n． 要紧事，麻烦事，事情；问题 23 mean (meant, meant) [miːn] vt. 意思是，意指 24 metal ['metl] n. a. 金属; 金属制成的 ◆25 mess [mes] n． 杂乱；混乱 ◆26 mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl] adj． 可移动的 ◆27 mutton [ˈmʌtn] n． 羊肉 ◆28 mall [mɔːl] n.. 商场 ◆29 medium [ˈmiːdiəm] n. adj. 媒介(pl.media)；中间的；中等的 ◆30 murder ['mɜːdə(r)] vt. 谋杀 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. The ______ transformed the handkerchief into a bird. (magic) 2. Can you tell us what the ______ of this sign is? (mean) 3. What does this road sign ______? (meaningful) 4. It’s easy to ______ the words if we know how to read them correctly. (memory) 5. There are twelve ______ in a year. (month) 6. Doctor Li was sent to work in Tibet as a member of a ______ team. (medicine) 7. He has a poor ______. (memorize) 8. I don't go out much ______ because I have to look after the kids. (main) 9. Air is a ______ of gases with a certain quantity of solids and liquids. (mix) 10. What’s the ______ idea of this passage? (mainly) 11. The great ______ of people seem to agree with this view.(major) 12. I ______ to find a solution to the problem. (manger) 13. They got ______ and set up home together in Shanghai.(marry) 14. She ______ in her letter that her husband might be moving abroad. (mend) 15. You can refer to television, radio, newspapers, and magazines as the______ .(medium) 词组默写 201.让某人忙个不停 202.嘲笑 203.(饭前)摆好餐具 204.向……学习 205.留个口信 206.动身去 207.(中学)毕业 208.少于/多于 209.听……(讲话) 210.靠……为生 211.照料;照顾 212.看;观看 213.寻找 215.看上去像 214.期待着 216.注意，留神 217.查寻;抬头看 218.丧生 219.迷路 220.发脾气 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十一讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（一般将来时与过去将来时）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读单选）、 词汇打卡(字母M) 外刊精选 How sponge cities could prevent floods? “海绵城市” 如何 “吸水” 防涝？ 大型城市因鳞次栉比的高楼大厦而常被人们称作“钢筋混凝土的森林”，也正因如此，大量的混凝土建材增加了城市的内涝风险。为了防治内涝，人们从大自然中汲取灵感，利用高科技手段，对城市进行“海绵化”改造。本文介绍城市雨洪管理概念——“海绵城市”。 Devastating floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? As cities expand, and more and more land is underneath concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge cities’, which are designed to soak up water—like a sponge—reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated contamination which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or flush toilets. Sophisticated software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximise the system’s ability to soak up rainwater. It can even identify which areas of the city are at most risk and tailor the response accordingly. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 词汇表 devastating 毁灭性的 concrete 混凝土 paving 铺路的材料 channel away 疏导，排出 storm drain 雨水渠 sewerage system 下水道系统 overwhelmed 被淹没的 flash flooding 突发性洪水 landscape architect 景观设计师 soak up 吸收，吸掉（液体） absorb （逐渐）吸收 floodwater 内涝积水，洪水 culvert 地下排水管道 bank 堤岸 wash into 冲入 blue-green roof 种有绿色植物、有助于管理雨水的 “蓝绿色屋顶”   测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. Why is rainfall getting heavier around the world? 2. What is happening to land as cities expand? 3. When was the idea of sponge cities proposed? 4. What has been done to the Oakley creek stream? 5. How can people use the water collected by blue-green roofs? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. When _______ is added to roads, it is harder to get rid of water. culverts            floodwater      paving             storm drain 2. Drainage systems can be _______ by floods. channelled away    soaked up      absorbed          overwhelmed 3. Concrete does not _______ rain water. absorb             wash into       channel away      overwhelm 4. A _______ designs ways to protect cities. blue-green roof     culvert         storm drain       landscape architect 5. _______ can destroy buildings quickly. Flash flooding      Devastating         Concrete         Sewerage system 答案 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. Why is rainfall getting heavier around the world? The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall. 2. What is happening to land as cities expand? As cities expand, more and more land is under paving or concrete. 3. When was the idea of sponge cities proposed? Sponge cities were proposed in 2013. 4. What has been done to the Oakley creek stream? Concrete culverts have been replaced with green banks and connected parks. 5. How can people use the water collected by blue-green roofs? People can use this water to water plants and flush toilets. 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. When paving is added to roads, it is harder to get rid of water. 2. Cities with poor infrastructure can be overwhelmed by floods. 3. Concrete does not absorb rain water. 4. A landscape architect designs ways to protect cities. 5. Flash flooding can destroy buildings quickly. 【文本翻译】毁灭性的洪水在世界各地变得越来越常见。气候变暖导致降雨量增加，但城市的发展方式会不会让情况变得更糟？我们能否以不同的方式设计城市以降低洪水风险？ 随着城市的扩张，越来越多的土地被混凝土或铺路所覆盖，吸收的水分减少，更多的水需要通过雨水渠和污水系统排走。当这些系统被水量压垮时，突发洪水的风险就会增加。 难道我们一直采取了错误的方法？中国景观设计师俞孔坚肯定这么认为。2013 年，他提出了“海绵城市”的概念，旨在像海绵一样吸收水分，降低突发洪水的风险。鼓励采用自然解决方案，利用河边公园和池塘来吸收洪水。世界各地的城市都受到了这一理念的启发。在一项研究中，新西兰的奥克兰被评为最具海绵性的城市。它用绿色河岸和相连的公园取代了奥克利溪周围的混凝土涵洞。这不仅减少了附近居民区的洪水，还减少了过去被冲入大海的相关污染物的数量。 奥克兰采取了自然的方法，但在阿姆斯特丹可以看到一种更高科技的方法。这座荷兰城市在许多建筑物上安装了蓝绿色屋顶。这些屋顶外面有一层植物，下面还有几层可以收集和储存雨水。这部分水可以被下面建筑物里的人用来浇花或冲厕所。复杂的软件甚至可以告诉屋顶在即将到来的暴风雨前放水，以最大限度地提高系统吸收雨水的能力。它甚至可以识别城市中哪些地区风险最大，并相应地调整应对措施。 俞孔健将海绵城市的方法描述为与自然打太极而不是拳击。有人质疑，面对全球降雨量的增加，自然方法是否足够。还有待观察的是，规模的扩大以及与现代技术的结合能否帮助自然方法让更多的人免受洪水侵害。 语法专题 语法精选----一般将来时与过去将来时 一般将来时 1. 第一人称+shall, 所有人称+will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 1. I shall/ will turn off the lights when I leave the room. 2. When shall we meet again? 2. be going to do表示(1)计划、打算做某事 (2) 根据目前情况很可能要发生的事 1. I’m going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening. 2. It’s windy. It’s going to rain. 3.信号词：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, the coming Sunday, in the future, etc. My father will be back home from Japan in a week. 4. 主将从现 1. Mary will go shopping when she has time. 2. You will stay alone after I leave. 5. 一些表示状态或位置转移的动词用现在进行时表示将来：come, go, arrive, leave, etc. Are you going to the wetlands phone show next week? 过去将来时 1. 从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句 1. He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 2. I asked who was going there. 2. 信号词：the next day(morning, year…),later, soon, the following month(week…),etc. Yesterday our class teacher said we would soon have an outing. 即学即练 1．（2024·上海崇明·一模）My cousin Danny ________ for a picnic in Dongping Forest Park next weekend. A．has gone B．went C．will go D．go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的表弟丹尼下周末将去东平森林公园野餐。 考查动词时态用法。根据“next weekend”可知，时态为一般将来时，其主要结构为will+动词原形，需填will go。故选C。 2．（2023·上海崇明·一模）My cousin Justin ________ for a job interview in the city center next Friday. A．go B．went C．has gone D．will go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的表兄贾斯丁下周五将去市中心参加工作面试。 考查一般将来时。go动词原形（一般现在时）；went过去式（一般过去时）；has gone现在完成时；will go一般将来时。根据“next Friday”可知，时态为一般将来时。应是will go。故选D。 3．（2019·上海黄浦·一模）I’ve ordered some flowers for Grandma and they ________ in two hours. A．will arrive B．arrived C．have arrived D．had arrived 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我给奶奶订了些花，两小时后就到。 考查一般将来时。根据“in two hours”可知，时态是一般将来时，故选A。 4．（2021·上海崇明·二模）Laura________ to her hometown to visit her grandparents next weekend. A．drive B．drove C．will drive D．has driven 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周末劳拉将开车回她的家乡去看望她的祖父母。 考查时态。根据时间状语“next weekend”可知，此句用一般将来时，其构成为“will do”，故选C。 5．（2023·上海嘉定·二模）The manager said that he _________ the meeting if too many people were absent. A．canceled B．would cancel C．will cancel D．had canceled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：经理说，如果有太多人缺席，他将取消会议。 考查宾语从句。根据“said...”可知宾语从句中用过去的某种时态；根据“he...the meeting if too many people were...”可知此处表示“将会取消会议”，用过去将来时would do。故选B。 6．（2023·上海崇明·二模）Alex said that he ________ his uncle in the countryside next weekend. A．has visited B．is visiting C．will visit D．would visit 【答案】D 【详解】句意：亚历克斯说他下周末要去乡下看望他的叔叔。 考查过去将来时。分析句子可知，该句是宾语从句，主句时态是一般过去时，从句时态须符合“主过从必过”原则，即从句用某种过去的时态；由“next week”可知，动作还未发生，表示“将来”，所以是过去将来时“would+动词原形”。故选D。 7．（2023·上海嘉定·一模）Emma’s father promised that they ________ a cruise trip to Europe the next summer. A．will take B．take C．would take D．are taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：艾玛的父亲答应他们明年夏天乘游轮去欧洲旅行。 考查动词时态。根据题干可知本句为that引导的宾语从句，当主句时态为一般过去时，从句的时态也应为过去的某个时态。四个选项中只有C选项是过去将来时，故选C。 8．（2022·上海松江·二模）Harry said he ________ the Butchart Gardens in Victoria City in the coming holidays. A．would visit B．had visited C．is visiting D．visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：哈里王子说他将在即将到来的假期参观维多利亚市的布查德花园。 考查动词时态。根据“in the coming holidays”可知，时态为将来时。又根据“said”可知，应该用一般过去时，所以本句时态是过去将来时，表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态，其结构是would+动词原形。故选A。 9．（2022·上海虹口·二模）Peter said that his daughter ________ from university the next June. A．had graduated B．graduated C．would graduate D．will graduate 【答案】C 【详解】句意；彼得说他的女儿将于明年六月大学毕业。 考查时态。根据“Peter said that ”可知，主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态，结合“the next June”可知，此处应用过去将来时，故选C。 10．（2022·上海徐汇·一模）Word came that race driver Zhou Guanyu ________ the Afa Romeo team for the 2022 season. A．would join B．has joined C．joins D．was joining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有消息称，车手周冠宇将加入阿发罗密欧车队，参加2022赛季的比赛。 考查时态辨析。根据“came”可知主过从必过，结合从句中“for the 2022 season”可知从句用过去将来时，其结构为would do。故选A。 11．（2021·上海杨浦·三模）My friends said they ________ here by 9 p.m., but they haven’t arrived yet. A．will be B．had been C．have been D．would be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的朋友们说他们晚上9点到，但是他们还没有到。 考查动词时态。根据“but they haven’t arrived yet”可知，表示从过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时would do的结构，故选D。 12．（2021·上海奉贤·二模）My dad promised on his birthday that he ________ smoking in the near future. A．will give up B．would give up C．gave up D．had given up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸在他的生日上承诺，在不久的将来他将会戒烟。 考查宾语从句中的动词时态。根据从句中时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时，但主句是一般过去式，根据宾语从句“主过从必过”原则，所以从句的一般将来时要变成过去将来时would do结构。故选B 。 13．（2021·上海嘉定·二模）The famous writer promised that she _______ all the money for her new book to charity. A．gave B．would give C．has given D．had given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位著名的作家承诺把她写新书的所有钱都捐给慈善机构。 考查时态辨析。根据“The famous writer promised ...”可知是对未发生的事情做出的承诺，要用将来时，承诺是过去做出的，用过去将来时，其结构为would do。故选B。 14．（2021·上海宝山·二模）The manager told us that the company ________ modern robots to do some of the work soon. A．used B．uses C．will use D．would use 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经理告诉我们公司很快就会用现代机器人来做一些工作。 考查动词时态。根据句意可知，空处所在的句子是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，根据“主过从必过”的原则，从句必须用过去时的某种时态，故排除B、C项；又根据从句的时间状语“soon”可知，宾语从句应用过去将来时，构成形式为：would do。故选D。 15．（2020·上海松江·二模）Tom promised that he ________ the dictionary to me this Saturday. A．returned B．would return C．had returned D．was returning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆答应这个星期六把字典还给我。 考查时态。A项是一般过去时；B项是过去将来时；C项是过去完成时；D项是过去进行时。根据promised是过去时态和this Saturday将来时态可知，应该使用过去将来时，故选B。 16．（2024·江西萍乡·一模）—Lin Tao, have you ever decided which city to travel to, Beijing or Guangzhou? —Yes. I ______ Guangzhou to meet my cousin this time. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．was visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——林涛，你决定去北京还是广州旅游了吗？  ——是的。这次我将去广州去看望我的表弟。 考查动词时态。根据问句“have you ever decided which city to travel to”可知，此处指在询问对方此次出行的目的地，可推测还没有出发，时态应用一般将来时，其结构为“will do sth.”。故选C。 17．（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）—Lydia, have you decided which city to travel to, London or New York? —Not yet. Maybe I ________ London to meet my friends this time. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．was visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Lydia，你决定去哪个城市旅行了吗，伦敦还是纽约？——还没有。也许我这次会去伦敦见我的朋友。 考查动词时态。根据“have you decided which city to travel to, London or New York”及“Not yet”可知，去伦敦的这个事情还没有发生，用一般将来时will do的结构，故选C。 18．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这个星期天，简和我打算去野餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗？——当然。到时见。 考查动词时态。根据“this Sunday”可知，这个星期天要去野餐，事情发生在将来，时态是一般将来时，结构是will do或be doing to do。故选D。 19．（2024·河北·中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A．order B．ordered C．was ordering D．will order 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我在等一个朋友。恐怕我要晚点点餐。 考查时态。根据“I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ... later.”可知，在等朋友，所以要晚点点餐，用一般将来时will do，故选D。 20．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise! A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：嘿，珍妮阿姨！是你！我没想到你会过来。多么惊喜啊！ 考查动词时态。由“didn’t expect”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，则从句也应为过去时态。“来”的动作发生在将来，应为将来时，故空格处为过去将来时，结构是would do。故选C。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （2023下·上海黄浦·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给） Mary Anning: The Fossil Hunter As a fossil（化石）scientist, Mary Anning (1700—1847) made great contributions（贡献）to her field in the 19th century. Her name is now widely known in Britain and even Europe. But that was not always the case. Anning was a talented woman. She was born in a poor family in Lyme Regis, Britain. She did not receive any proper education and had to teach h 1 geology（地质学）and paleontology（古生物学）. Anning grew up by the sea. At a young age, she showed great interest in studying the fossils along the coastline. Anning worked very hard. She went out in all weathers to search for fossils. At the age of 12, she uncovered a skeleton that looked like a crocodile. Then, after ten years of tireless e 2 , she made an amazing discovery. It was a huge fossil of something that the world had never seen before. However, many of Anning’s findings d 3 with the widely accepted theories（理论）at that time. So most of the scientists didn’t believe or recognize the value of her findings. What’s more, in that period, people s 4 respected women. Anning’s findings were even published without her name. During her lifetime, the woman was never s 5 considered to be a scientist. But such troubles didn’t stop Anning from making more discoveries. The woman was still keen on studying v 6 sizes and types of fossils alongside the sea. Some of them were as large as a huge rock while others were smaller than an egg. Until 1829, she carefully uncovered a skeleton of a fossil fish which made her known among first-class scientists. Her discoveries helped to study some extinct（已灭绝的）animals. They formed the basis for Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species（《物种起源》）. In recent years, more and more people have come to realize the importance of Anning’s work. She is now listed among the top ten British women who have greatly a 7 the history of science. Anning was an ambitious and hard-working woman in history. She deserves to be remembered. 【答案】1．(h)erself 2．(e)xplorations 3．(d)iffered 4．(s)eldom 5．(s)eriously 6．(v)arious 7．(a)ffected 【导语】本文介绍了英国女性科学家化石猎人玛丽·安宁的科学研究经历。 1．句意：她没有接受任何真正的教育，只能自学地质学和古生物学。根据“She did not receive any proper education”可知，她没有接受任何真正的教育，因此她只能自学。teach oneself sth意为“自学某物”，主语为She，首字母为h，因此应填入反身代词herself。故填(h)erself。 2．句意：然后，经过十年的不懈探索，她有了一个惊人的发现。根据上文“She went out in all weathers to search for fossils. At the age of 12, she uncovered a skeleton that looked like a crocodile.”和首字母e可知，“寻找化石”和“发现像鳄鱼的骨架”都是安宁在探索，形容词tireless应是修饰名词exploration“探索”，此处应用其复数形式explorations。故填(e)xplorations。 3．句意：然而，安宁的许多发现与当时被广泛接受的理论不同。根据下一句“So most of the scientists didn’t believe or recognize the value of her findings.”可知，大多数科学家不相信或不认可她的发现的价值，说明她的发现与当时的科学家们的理论不同，根据“from”和首字母d，可知动词短语differ from表示“与……不同”，该句应用一般过去时，动词differ的过去式为differed。故填(d)iffered。 4．句意：而且，在那个时期，人们极少尊重女性。根据下一句“Anning’s findings were even published without her name.”和首字母s，可知她的发现甚至没有被冠上她的名字就被发布，说明此处应用频度副词seldom来表示当时人们对女性的不尊重。故填(s)eldom。 5．句意：在她的一生中，这位女士从未被认真地认为是一位科学家。根据上文“What’s more, in that period, people…respected women. Anning’s findings were even published without her name.”可知，在她所在的时代，女性不被尊重，女性的科学研究不被认可，由此可知，她也从未被认真地认为是一位科学家。结合首字母s，此处应用副词seriously修饰动词considered。故填(s)eriously。 6．句意：这位女士仍然热衷于研究海边各种大小和类型的化石。根据“studying...sizes and types of fossils”及首字母v可知，此处指研究各种大小和类型的化石，应用形容词various“各种各样的”来修饰名词sizes and types of fossils。故填(v)arious。 7．句意：她现在被列为对科学史产生重大影响的十大英国女性之一。根据“have”可知后接动词的过去分词构成现在完成时；根据上文“Her discoveries helped to study some extinct（已灭绝的）animals. They formed the basis for Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species（《物种起源》）.”和首字母a可知，她影响了科学史，此处应填入动词affect“影响”的过去分词affected。故填(a)ffected。 PASSAGE 2 （2024·上海崇明·二模） Calling all inventors … WE NEED YOUR CREATIVE IDEA To protect our planet for now and the future, We need to encourage everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Luckily, human brains are extremely creative, which is why together-with the LEGO (乐高) Group, we are asking you to design a brilliant (绝妙的) invention that gives old objects new purposes. WIN·GREAT·PRIZE All of the entries (参赛作品) will be looked at by our judges, who will choose three winners — one overall winner and two runners-up. The winners will receive ... ■A complete LEGO Build ■2 runners-up: A LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set each. The Challenge Design an invention that repurposes (赋予新用途) old objects. Draw your invention on a sheet of A4 paper and give it a name. Try to make it as clear as possible what your invention is for and how it works. The judges are looking for creative and bright ideas with a great name and a clear explanation of what it does. How to Enter Ask an adult to take a photo of your drawing and upload (上传) it to theweekjunior.co.uk. There’s a box where you can explain how your invention works and why it will help the environment. Please only send in one entry per person. We look forward to seeing your design. Good luck! The competition opens at 12:01 a.m. on 15 May 2024 and closes at 11:59 a.m. on 15 June 2024. Winners will be selected by the judges who are from the Week Junior, the LEGO Group. 22 MARCH, 2024 THE WEEK JUNIOR                         PAGE 3 8．We can find the passage _________. A．in a newspaper B．in a guidebook C．on a movie poster D．in an instruction 9．_________ is/are the organizer(s) of the competition. A．The Week Junior B．The Week Junior and the LEGO Group C．The LEGO Group D．The LEGO Group and the judges 10．The competition is held to _________. A．find out who is the best designer B．develop children’s creative ideas C．help people to draw inventions well D．encourage people to reuse, reduce and recycle 11．The underlined part overall winner probably means _________. A．the first prize winner B．one of the winners C．the most popular winner D．the luckiest winner 12．_________ should be included when you send your entry. ①A picture of your invention     ②A list of the materials you use ③A sheet of A4 paper         ④An explanation of how the invention works A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement? A．The more entries you send, the more chances you can get to win. B．If you want to enter, send your entry to the Week Junior by yourself. C．The first time we can see the advertisement is 15 May 2024. D．The prizes for the winners are all from the LEGO Group. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．D 【导语】本文是一则宣传广告，主要是关于一个设计新发明使旧物新用的比赛。 8．推理判断题。本文是一则宣传广告，主要是关于一个设计新发明使旧物新用的比赛，结合“22 MARCH, 2024 THF WEEK JUNIOR PAGE 3”可推出可以在报纸上找到这篇文章。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“Luckily, human brains are extremely creative, which is why together-with the LEGO (乐高) Group, we are asking you to design a brilliant (绝妙的) invention that gives old objects new purposes.”及“22 MARCH, 2024 THE WEEK JUNIOR”可知组织者是The Week Junior和乐高集团。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据“To protect our planet for now and the future, We need to encourage everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle.”可知举办此次比赛是为了鼓励人们重复使用、减少使用和循环利用。故选D。 11．词义猜测题。根据“who will choose three winners — one overall winner and two runners-up.”可推出overall winner表示“一等奖的获得者”。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“Ask an adult to take a photo of your drawing and upload (上传) it to theweekjunior.co.uk.There’s a box where you can explain how your invention works and why it will help the environment.”可知发送参赛作品时要包括一张发明的照片及本发明工作原理的说明。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“The winners will receive ... ■A complete LEGO Build ■2 runners-up: A LEGO Classic Lots of Bricks set each.”可知获奖者的奖品都来自乐高集团。故选D。 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 magic ['mædʒɪk] a.n. 有魔力的;魔术；魔法 2 mainly ['meɪnli] adv． 主要地 3 major ['meɪdʒə(r)] adj.n. 主要的;主修科目 4 manager ['mænɪdʒə(r)] n. 经理 5 marriage ['mærɪdʒ] n. 结婚；婚姻 6 marry ['mæri] v. (使)成婚；结婚 7 material [mə'tɪəriəl] n. 材料，原料 8 medical ['medɪkl] a. 医学的，医疗的 9 modern ['mɒdn] a. 现代化的 10 memory ['meməri] n. 回忆，记忆 11 mend [mend] v. 修理，修补 12 mention ['menʃn] n.&vt 提及，提到，记载 13 mixture [mɪks] n． 混合物 14 model ['mɒdl] n. 模型，原形；范例；模范 15 motorcycle ['məʊtəsaɪkl] n. 摩托车 16 mountain ['maʊntən] n. 山，山脉 17 manner ['mænə(r)] n． 方式，态度，举止 18 manage ['mænɪdʒ] v. 管理；设法 19 mark [mɑːk] n.&vt. 标记；标明 20 master ['mɑːstə(r)] vt&n.. 精通；掌握;主人；师傅 21 match [mætʃ] n.& vt. 比赛；火柴；使相配；使配对 22 matter ['mætə(r)] n． 要紧事，麻烦事，事情；问题 23 mean (meant, meant) [miːn] vt. 意思是，意指 24 metal ['metl] n. a. 金属; 金属制成的 ◆25 mess [mes] n． 杂乱；混乱 ◆26 mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl] adj． 可移动的 ◆27 mutton [ˈmʌtn] n． 羊肉 ◆28 mall [mɔːl] n.. 商场 ◆29 medium [ˈmiːdiəm] n. adj. 媒介(pl.media)；中间的；中等的 ◆30 murder ['mɜːdə(r)] vt. 谋杀 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. The ______ transformed the handkerchief into a bird. (magic) 2. Can you tell us what the ______ of this sign is? (mean) 3. What does this road sign ______? (meaningful) 4. It’s easy to ______ the words if we know how to read them correctly. (memory) 5. There are twelve ______ in a year. (month) 6. Doctor Li was sent to work in Tibet as a member of a ______ team. (medicine) 7. He has a poor ______. (memorize) 8. I don't go out much ______ because I have to look after the kids. (main) 9. Air is a ______ of gases with a certain quantity of solids and liquids. (mix) 10. What’s the ______ idea of this passage? (mainly) 11. The great ______ of people seem to agree with this view.(major) 12. I ______ to find a solution to the problem. (manger) 13. They got ______ and set up home together in Shanghai.(marry) 14. She ______ in her letter that her husband might be moving abroad. (mend) 15. You can refer to television, radio, newspapers, and magazines as the______ .(medium) 【答案】 1. magician 2.meaning 3.mean 4.memorize 5.months 6.medical 7.memory 8.mainly 9.mixture 10.main 11.majority 12.managed 13.married 14.mentioned 15. media 词组默写 201.让某人忙个不停 202.嘲笑 203.(饭前)摆好餐具 204.向……学习 205.留个口信 206.动身去 207.(中学)毕业 208.少于/多于 209.听……(讲话) 210.靠……为生 211.照料;照顾 212.看;观看 213.寻找 215.看上去像 214.期待着 216.注意，留神 217.查寻;抬头看 218.丧生 219.迷路 220.发脾气 201. keep sb. Busy 202. laugh at 203. lay the table 204. learn...from 205. leave a message 206. leave for 207. leave (secondary) school 208. less / more than 209.listen to 210. live on 211. look after 212. look at 213. look for 214. look forward to 215. look like 216. look out 217.look up 218. lose one’s life 219. lose one's way 220. lose temper 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$