15讲：外刊精选+语法专题【情态动词】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母S】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第十五讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（情态动词）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读单选）、词汇打卡(字母S) 外刊精选 Do animals make jokes too? 动物也会像人类一样开玩笑？ 有些人认为幽默感和开怀大笑是人类独有的特质。但动物行为学家们可能不同意这个观点。有大量证据表明动物们像人类一样喜欢互相逗乐，而且它们这样做完全是出于好玩！听 “随身英语” 节目探讨狗、黑猩猩、海豚和老鼠开玩笑的方式。 Laughter is a universal language for humans to connect with each other and form social bonds. Even as babies, we giggle when our parents pull funny faces, and then gradually learn to make others laugh as we grow up. But, is it a uniquely human experience? Scientists have observed behaviours in animals that suggest that your pets might be secret jokesters… Have you ever seen dogs let people come close to their toy, and then playfully run away with it? Biologist Charles Darwin saw this as the dog’s version of a practical joke. Marc Bekoff, biology professor at the University of Colorado, also observed dogs playfully teasing each other by approaching slowly and then quickly running away. His work concluded that dogs just want to have fun, and he’s also said that animals may goof around as a way to cope with stress. In a 2024 study, Isabelle Laumer and colleagues watched four ape species interact with each other and observed 18 distinct teasing behaviours. They saw young apes sneak up behind an adult, poke them to surprise them and then wait and watch the response, behaviour similar to that shown by human children. So, a sense of humour may have appeared early in our evolutionary timeline. What about laughing? While playing, dogs sometimes produce a breathy snort that could sound like laughter. Dolphins let out sounds of joy when play-fighting. Rats make a joyful squeak similar to a giggle when they are tickled, says Jeffrey Burgdorf, professor at Northwestern University.  But, is a rat’s giggle really a sign of a sense of humour? Are the apes in Laumer’s study really joking around or just attention-seeking? What would be the evolutionary purpose of animals teasing and pranking? “In humans, humour can serve as like an ice-breaker, removing social barriers and strengthening relationships,” says Laumer. “We don’t know if it’s the same in apes or other animals, but it’s possible.” 词汇表 laughter 笑，笑声 giggle 咯咯地笑 pull a funny face 扮鬼脸 make (someone) laugh 逗（某人）笑 jokester 喜欢讲笑话或开玩笑的人 playfully 闹着玩地 practical joke 恶作剧 tease 戏弄，招惹 have fun 玩乐 goof around 瞎胡闹 sneak up 悄悄靠近 poke （用手指）戳 sense of humour 幽默感 play-fight 玩耍打闹 joyful 高兴的 tickle 挠痒痒，胳肢 joke around 闹着玩，开玩笑 prank 玩笑，恶作剧 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What are two ways dogs exhibit teasing behaviour?  2. What might be a reason for animals to goof around, according to Marc Bekoff? 3. True or False? Teasing behaviour shown by apes isn’t seen in humans.  4. What causes rats to let out a joyful squeak in Jeffrey Burgdorf’s research?  5. What is the purpose of humour in humans, according to Laumer? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. I told Abdul a joke to _______. pull a face      sneak up on him    play-fight him          make him laugh 2. We get on very well and laugh a lot because we share the same _______. goof       sense of humour          practical joke             laughter 3. Tim _______ his dog by hiding behind the sofa and then calling his name. poked        snuck up           tickled                        teased 4. Caterina has always been the office _______. She’s always telling funny stories. jokester    laughter         pranker            tickler 5. My brother always _______ me by hiding fake spiders in my bed. pranks       giggles         jokes            makes laugh 【文本翻译】笑是人类相互联系和形成社会纽带的通用语言。甚至在婴儿时期，当父母做鬼脸时我们就会咯咯笑，然后随着成长逐渐学会逗别人笑。但是，这是人类独有的体验吗？科学家们观察到动物的行为，表明你的宠物可能是隐藏的爱开玩笑的家伙…… 你有没有见过狗让人们靠近它们的玩具，然后顽皮地叼着跑开？生物学家查尔斯·达尔文认为这是狗版的恶作剧。科罗拉多大学的生物学教授马克·贝科夫也观察到狗会通过慢慢靠近然后迅速跑开的方式相互顽皮地逗弄。他的研究得出结论，狗只是想找点乐子，他还说动物可能会胡闹来应对压力。 在 2024 年的一项研究中，伊莎贝尔·劳默及其同事观察了四种猿类相互交流，并观察到 18 种不同的逗弄行为。他们看到年轻的猿类悄悄地走到成年猿的身后，戳它们以惊吓它们，然后等待并观察反应，这种行为类似于人类儿童的表现。因此，幽默感可能在我们的进化早期就已经出现了。 那笑呢？在玩耍时，狗有时会发出气喘吁吁的鼻息声，听起来可能像笑声。海豚在嬉戏打斗时会发出欢乐的声音。西北大学的杰弗里·伯格多夫教授说，老鼠被挠痒痒时会发出类似于咯咯笑的欢快叫声。 但是，老鼠的咯咯笑真的是幽默感的标志吗？劳默研究中的猿类真的是在开玩笑还是只是在寻求关注？动物逗弄和恶作剧的进化目的是什么？劳默说：“对人类来说，幽默可以起到破冰的作用，消除社交障碍，加强关系。我们不知道在猿类或其他动物中是否也是如此，但这是有可能的。” s语法专题 语法精选----情态动词 情态动词 基本用法 例句 can/ could 1、表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 2、表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。 3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people.  Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? How can you be so careless?  You can’t be too careful when driving. may/ might 在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。 1、表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。 2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you? May you succeed! must/ have to 1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。 3、mustn’t表示“禁止”；don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。 4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。 5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。 Everyone must obey the rule.  My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone. You don’t have to tell me the secret. Truth must be out. When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.  must 肯定回答：Yes, ...must. 否定回答：No,...needn’t / don’t have to. shall 1、表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。 2、表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。 3、表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。 Shall they wait outside? （征询） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心） The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides. should 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）。 2、常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等，意为“竟然”。 One shouldn’t be selfish. How should I know? He should be taking a bath now. It’s a pity that you should be so careless. （“竟然”） ought to 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。 2、表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。 We ought to defend our country. Prices ought to come down soon. will 1、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 2、表请求，用于疑问句。 3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 I will do anything for you. Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.  The door won’t open. would 1、表意愿。 2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。  They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.  Would you like another glass of beer?  Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.  used to 1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。 2、否定：usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 区别： used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的习惯动作，与现在无关，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there. Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother? We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.  Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. need 1、作情态动词： need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must，have to，ought to，或 should代替。 否定：needn’t do 2、作实义动词： 后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化。 肯定：need to do 否定：don’t need to do You needn’t come so early. He needs to finish it this evening. He doesn’t need to finish it this evening. dare 1、作情态动词： 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。 2、作实义动词： 在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带 to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面的不定式可以不带to。 肯定：dare to do 否定：don’t dare (to) do —He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? —Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t. How dare you say I’m unfair? If you dare come here, I will come to meet you. 即学即练 1．（2022·上海中考真题）—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite. —No problem. Here you are. A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May 2．（2021·上海中考真题）—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition? —Sorry. The tickets are sold out. A．Must B．Need C．Should D．May 3．（2020·上海中考真题）According to the traffic law，children under 12________ride bicycles on the road． A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't 4．（2019·上海中考真题）According to the rule，used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes. A．must B．need C．can D．may 5．（2018·上海中考真题）-Must I do the project on my own? -No, you____.You can work with your classmates. A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 6．（2017·上海中考真题）—________ I park my car here for a while? —No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”? A．Would B．May C．Must D．Should 7．（2016·上海中考真题）A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with. A．ought B．need C．can D．must 8．（2015·上海中考真题）–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow? --I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday . A．must B．may C．should D．need 9．（2014·上海中考真题）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane. A．can B．may C．must D．could 10．（2013·上海中考真题）— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad? — No，you__________，son．You’re free to make your own decision． A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 11．（2012·上海中考真题）You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A．may B．need C．should D．ought to 12．（2024·上海长宁·二模）—Will you please stay here for another week? —Sorry, I ________. I’ll have to attend an important meeting. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 13．（2024·上海静安·二模）They ________ go to the party if they finish their project on time. A．can B．need C．must D．should 14．（2024·上海崇明·二模）You _________ go across the road when the red light is on. Everyone must obey the rule. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 15．（2024·上海长宁·二模）It is going to rain. You’d better ________ the window open when you go out. A．not leave B．not to leave C．won’t leave D．no leaving 16．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）—Do you think Emma is still studying at the library? It’s almost midnight. —She ________. The library closes at 9:30 p.m., and everyone has to leave by then. A．should be B．must be C．needn’t be D．can’t be 17．（2024·上海金山·二模）To get a better life, we teenagers ________ not only study hard but also keep good health. A．can B．may C．need D．should 18．（2024·上海松江·二模）It is said that the robots ________ take care of the old at home in the near future. A．can B．should C．must D．need 19．（2024·上海青浦·二模）Listen! Her voice is shaking while speaking. She ________ be very nervous. A．must B．need C．should D．can 20．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Your poster ________ be bright-colored to keep the viewers’ attention. A．should B．need C．can D．may 21．（2024·上海普陀·二模）As a beginner, she __________ need your help with some business matters. A．must B．should C．can D．may 22．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）You’d better _________ your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport. A．check B．to check C．checking D．checked 23．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）There are plenty of eggs in the fridge now. You buy any. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 24．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）In the near future, AI programs ________ actually do many jobs better than humans. A．can B．should C．need D．must 25．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Cars _______ give way to people on some roads in our city, or the drivers will be warned. A．must B．can C．need D．may 26．（2024·河北邯郸·一模）Everyone ________ follow the traffic rules when going out. A．might B．must C．may D．could 27．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）You ________ never succeed without a long-term goal and enough effort. A．can B．must C．need D．should 28．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________ you please pass the dish to me? —Certainly, no problem. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would 29．（2024·上海崇明·二模）It's a rule that visitors ________ bring in his camera to take pictures inside the museum. A．might not B．needn't C．mustn't D．wouldn't 30．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）—Mum, Jerry asked me to watch the ball game after school. Can I go along? —You _______, but be sure to get home before 10 o’clock. A．should B．would C．must D．may 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （2024九年级上·上海奉贤·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 The History of the Guinness Book of World Records Are you interested in world records? Do you want to know who the oldest person is in the world? Or the largest cake? Or the heaviest newspaper? Well, if you do, you can find all the a 1 from an amazing book: the Guinness Book of World Records《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》. The idea for this book started from an argument. Hugh Beaver worked for Guinness (金氏啤酒) Company in Britain. One day he went out for a walk with his friends. When some birds flew across the sky, he said they were the fastest birds in the world. Nobody a 2 with him. He made a bet (打赌) with his friends. The next day, he tried to solve the problem by reading some books in a library. H 3 , he found out that none of the books had the information he needed. He suffered a heavy loss (损失), but came up with a good idea: If his company could publish such a book with all the world records, he was sure that he could make a lot of money. Everything was hard at the beginning. Beaver had great d 4 in collecting the unusual records. But when the first Guinness Book came out in 1995, it sold like hot cakes. In fact, his book has r 5 one of the best sellers for many years. Today, the book is published throughout the world. Every year, a new book is published to keep up with the c 6 records. It is one of the most p 7 books in the world. By now almost everyone agrees that reading the book is not only a lot of fun, but also an eye-opener. PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）Perfect guide to making a summer diary Imagine summer full of adventures and discoveries. Now imagine collecting all of that excitement in a certain place just for you. Sounds exciting, right? Why keep a summer diary? A summer diary is like a treasure (宝藏) box, filled with memories and experiences from your summer days. It’s a way to remember all your adventures, big and small, and all the things that make summer such a wonderful time. It is also a great place to show your ideas, and let your imagination run wild! ________ Every great adventure begins with the right tools. For your summer diary, the first step is to find the perfect notebook. It could be a simple pocket notebook or a diary with a lock and key. Look for something that catches your eye, and don’t forget that it should have pages to last you the whole summer. Ideas to get more creative Here are some ideas to get you started: ◇ Daily Activities: Every day is an adventure! Write about what you did, saw or felt. ◇ Nature Observations: You could write about a tiny insect you saw or the way the leaves rustle (make soft sounds when they movie in the wind). ◇Simple Doodles: A diary doesn’t have to be all about words. Paint something you saw, or draw a picture about your summer holiday. ◇ Goals: What are your hopes for this summer or the new school year? Write them down and make a plan on how to achieve them. The reward of your summer diary By the end of the summer, you’ll have a collection of memories and experiences. It will remind you of all the fun you had and show how much you’ve grown and learned. It’s a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends. 8．A summer diary is made mainly to ________. A．improve long-term memory B．collect information about community C．develop writing abilities D．keep a record of summer days 9．The underlined word It refers to ________. A．a big adventure B．a summer diary C．a great place D．a treasure box 10．Which of the following best fits the blank ________? A．Keeping the diary as a secret B．Planning to make a diary C．Choosing your ideal diary notebook D．Making your diary wonderful 11．Which of the following may NOT be seen in a summer diary? A． B． C． D． 12．What is the reward of the summer diary? A．Worries and pains. B．Progress and growth. C．Gifs from families. D．Love from best friends. 13．The passage is written to ________. A．attract parents to buy a notebook as a gift B．call on teenagers to care more about themselves C．teach young readers to keep a diary in summer holidays D．encourage students to make a plan for the future 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 safe [seɪf] n. 安全的;保险柜 2 sale [seɪl] n. 卖；出售 3 save [seɪv] vt. 救，挽救，节省 4 scarf [skɑːf] n. 领巾；围巾 5 scientist ['saɪəntɪst] n. 科学家 6 support [sə'pɔːt] v. & n. 支持，赞助 7 supply [sə'plaɪ] vt.&n. 供给，供应 8 suppose [sə'pəʊz] vt. 猜想，假定，料想 9 secretary ['sekrətri] n. 秘书；书记 10 serious ['sɪəriəs] a. 严肃的，严重的；认真的 11 serve [sɜːv] vt. 招待(顾客等)，服 12 settle ['setl] v. 安家，定居；解决 13 shape [ʃeɪp] n.v. 形状，使成型，制造，塑造 14 shine(shone,shone或-d,-d) [ʃaɪn] v. 发光；照耀；出众；擦亮 15 social ['səʊʃl] a. 社会的；社交的 16 situation [sɪtʃu'eɪʃn] n. 形势，情况 ． 17 similar ['sɪmələ(r)] a. 相似的；像 18 simple ['sɪmpl] a. 简单的；简易的 19 signal ['sɪɡnəl] n. 信号；手势 20 sightseeing ['saɪtsiːɪŋ] n． 游览；观光 21 spread (spread,spread) [spred] v. 延伸；展开 ◆22 satisfy [ˈsætɪsfaɪ] v. 使满意 ◆23 scare [skeə(r)] v. n. 惊吓; 恐慌 ◆24 separate [ˈsepəreɪt] n.. (使)分开；分离 ◆25 shock [ʃɒk] n.& v. 震惊; 使震惊 ◆26 shoot(shot, shot) [ʃuːt] v． 射击；拍摄 ◆27 shoulder [ˈʃəʊldə(r)] n．v. 肩膀; 承担 ◆28 sore [sɔː(r)] adj． 酸痛的；疼痛的 ◆29 spirit [ˈspɪrɪt] n. 精神；心灵；情绪 ◆30 standard [ˈstændəd] n. 标准 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. We are always told that ______ is first. (safe) 2. They ______ the little girl from danger in the end. (safe) 3. They arrived at the mountain village ______ after a long hard journey. (safe) 4. I’ve bought my new car recently, so I want to ______ my old one. (sale) 5. Smoking can ______ damage your health, so give it up! (serious) 6. Most of the passengers were satisfied with the ______ of the Eastern Airline. (serve) 7. She won the first place in a ______ contest. (speak) 8. Because of the warm and ______ weather, oranges grow very well here. (sun) 9. I think you ought not to talk with ______. (strange) 10. Careful planning is the secret of ______. (succeed) 11. Shanghai held the 2010 World Expo ______, and our Shanghainese are proud of it. (succeed) 12. If you want to ______ in the future, you must work hard from now on. (success) 13. The employees can make ______, but the boss has the decision. (suggest) 14. We were ______ to know that she’d already left. (surprise) 15. The six Greek soldiers waited for one more hour because they wanted to be sure that all of the Trojans were ______. (sleep) 16. The teacher was ______ with the result of the experiment. (satisfy) 17. Jack hasn't got the ______ to the problem. (solve) 18. He is one of the most famous ______ in the world. (science) 19. Chinese has the most ______ in the world. (speak) 20. My ambition is to be a ______ man like my father. (success ) 21. It's clever of you to ______ the problem. (solution) 22. "Your job is to ______ customers well, please keep it in mind." The manager said. (service) 23. All of us should obey traffic rules in order to keep ourselves ______. (save) 24. Can you tell me who will ______ at the class meeting next Monday? (speech) 25. ______, all the lights went out and people had to wait in the darkness. (sudden) 26．If you really want to______, you will have to work very hard. (success) 27．She didn’t stop mopping the floor until it became _______clean. (spot) 27．Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service) 28. Peter found it ________ for a little girl, like his younger sister, to learn so many musical instruments. (surprise) 29．Roads, bridges, and houses were ________ damaged in the earthquake. (serious) 30．We are not _____( suppose) to be late for school. 词组默写 281.为……送行 282.售完 283.动身;出发;着手做 284.与……握手 285.与……分享 286.大商场，大型购物中心 287.炫耀 288.带某人参观 289.住口 290.到目前为止 291.(表示目的)为了，以便 292.社会研究;社会学习 293.将来有一天 294.迟早 295.代表 296.熬夜 297.阻止……做 298.例如 299.上网 300.看一看 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十五讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（情态动词）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读单选）、词汇打卡(字母S) 外刊精选 Do animals make jokes too? 动物也会像人类一样开玩笑？ 有些人认为幽默感和开怀大笑是人类独有的特质。但动物行为学家们可能不同意这个观点。有大量证据表明动物们像人类一样喜欢互相逗乐，而且它们这样做完全是出于好玩！听 “随身英语” 节目探讨狗、黑猩猩、海豚和老鼠开玩笑的方式。 Laughter is a universal language for humans to connect with each other and form social bonds. Even as babies, we giggle when our parents pull funny faces, and then gradually learn to make others laugh as we grow up. But, is it a uniquely human experience? Scientists have observed behaviours in animals that suggest that your pets might be secret jokesters… Have you ever seen dogs let people come close to their toy, and then playfully run away with it? Biologist Charles Darwin saw this as the dog’s version of a practical joke. Marc Bekoff, biology professor at the University of Colorado, also observed dogs playfully teasing each other by approaching slowly and then quickly running away. His work concluded that dogs just want to have fun, and he’s also said that animals may goof around as a way to cope with stress. In a 2024 study, Isabelle Laumer and colleagues watched four ape species interact with each other and observed 18 distinct teasing behaviours. They saw young apes sneak up behind an adult, poke them to surprise them and then wait and watch the response, behaviour similar to that shown by human children. So, a sense of humour may have appeared early in our evolutionary timeline. What about laughing? While playing, dogs sometimes produce a breathy snort that could sound like laughter. Dolphins let out sounds of joy when play-fighting. Rats make a joyful squeak similar to a giggle when they are tickled, says Jeffrey Burgdorf, professor at Northwestern University.  But, is a rat’s giggle really a sign of a sense of humour? Are the apes in Laumer’s study really joking around or just attention-seeking? What would be the evolutionary purpose of animals teasing and pranking? “In humans, humour can serve as like an ice-breaker, removing social barriers and strengthening relationships,” says Laumer. “We don’t know if it’s the same in apes or other animals, but it’s possible.” 词汇表 laughter 笑，笑声 giggle 咯咯地笑 pull a funny face 扮鬼脸 make (someone) laugh 逗（某人）笑 jokester 喜欢讲笑话或开玩笑的人 playfully 闹着玩地 practical joke 恶作剧 tease 戏弄，招惹 have fun 玩乐 goof around 瞎胡闹 sneak up 悄悄靠近 poke （用手指）戳 sense of humour 幽默感 play-fight 玩耍打闹 joyful 高兴的 tickle 挠痒痒，胳肢 joke around 闹着玩，开玩笑 prank 玩笑，恶作剧 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What are two ways dogs exhibit teasing behaviour?  2. What might be a reason for animals to goof around, according to Marc Bekoff? 3. True or False? Teasing behaviour shown by apes isn’t seen in humans.  4. What causes rats to let out a joyful squeak in Jeffrey Burgdorf’s research?  5. What is the purpose of humour in humans, according to Laumer? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. I told Abdul a joke to _______. pull a face      sneak up on him    play-fight him          make him laugh 2. We get on very well and laugh a lot because we share the same _______. goof       sense of humour          practical joke             laughter 3. Tim _______ his dog by hiding behind the sofa and then calling his name. poked        snuck up           tickled                        teased 4. Caterina has always been the office _______. She’s always telling funny stories. jokester    laughter         pranker            tickler 5. My brother always _______ me by hiding fake spiders in my bed. pranks       giggles         jokes            makes laugh 答案 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What are two ways dogs exhibit teasing behaviour?  Dogs let humans come close to their toy, and then playfully run away with it. They also approach other dogs slowly and then quickly run away.  2. What might be a reason for animals to goof around, according to Marc Bekoff? Marc Bekoff says that animals might goof around to cope with stress. 3. True or False? Teasing behaviour shown by apes isn’t seen in humans. False. Young apes show behaviour similar to that shown by human children. 4. What causes rats to let out a joyful squeak in Jeffrey Burgdorf’s research? Rats let out a joyful squeak when they are tickled.  5. What is the purpose of humour in humans, according to Laumer?  Laumer says that humour can serve as like an ice-breaker, removing social barriers and strengthening relationships. 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. I told Abdul a joke to make him laugh. 2. We get on very well and laugh a lot because we share the same sense of humour.  3. Tim teased his dog by hiding behind the sofa and then calling his name. 4. Caterina has always been the office jokester. She’s always telling funny stories. 5. My brother always pranks me by hiding fake spiders in my bed. 【文本翻译】笑是人类相互联系和形成社会纽带的通用语言。甚至在婴儿时期，当父母做鬼脸时我们就会咯咯笑，然后随着成长逐渐学会逗别人笑。但是，这是人类独有的体验吗？科学家们观察到动物的行为，表明你的宠物可能是隐藏的爱开玩笑的家伙…… 你有没有见过狗让人们靠近它们的玩具，然后顽皮地叼着跑开？生物学家查尔斯·达尔文认为这是狗版的恶作剧。科罗拉多大学的生物学教授马克·贝科夫也观察到狗会通过慢慢靠近然后迅速跑开的方式相互顽皮地逗弄。他的研究得出结论，狗只是想找点乐子，他还说动物可能会胡闹来应对压力。 在 2024 年的一项研究中，伊莎贝尔·劳默及其同事观察了四种猿类相互交流，并观察到 18 种不同的逗弄行为。他们看到年轻的猿类悄悄地走到成年猿的身后，戳它们以惊吓它们，然后等待并观察反应，这种行为类似于人类儿童的表现。因此，幽默感可能在我们的进化早期就已经出现了。 那笑呢？在玩耍时，狗有时会发出气喘吁吁的鼻息声，听起来可能像笑声。海豚在嬉戏打斗时会发出欢乐的声音。西北大学的杰弗里·伯格多夫教授说，老鼠被挠痒痒时会发出类似于咯咯笑的欢快叫声。 但是，老鼠的咯咯笑真的是幽默感的标志吗？劳默研究中的猿类真的是在开玩笑还是只是在寻求关注？动物逗弄和恶作剧的进化目的是什么？劳默说：“对人类来说，幽默可以起到破冰的作用，消除社交障碍，加强关系。我们不知道在猿类或其他动物中是否也是如此，但这是有可能的。” s语法专题 语法精选----情态动词 情态动词 基本用法 例句 can/ could 1、表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 2、表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。 3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people.  Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? How can you be so careless?  You can’t be too careful when driving. may/ might 在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。 1、表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。 2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you? May you succeed! must/ have to 1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。 3、mustn’t表示“禁止”；don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。 4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。 5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。 Everyone must obey the rule.  My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone. You don’t have to tell me the secret. Truth must be out. When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.  must 肯定回答：Yes, ...must. 否定回答：No,...needn’t / don’t have to. shall 1、表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。 2、表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。 3、表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。 Shall they wait outside? （征询） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心） The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides. should 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）。 2、常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等，意为“竟然”。 One shouldn’t be selfish. How should I know? He should be taking a bath now. It’s a pity that you should be so careless. （“竟然”） ought to 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。 2、表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。 We ought to defend our country. Prices ought to come down soon. will 1、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 2、表请求，用于疑问句。 3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 I will do anything for you. Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.  The door won’t open. would 1、表意愿。 2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。  They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.  Would you like another glass of beer?  Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.  used to 1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。 2、否定：usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 区别： used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的习惯动作，与现在无关，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there. Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother? We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.  Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. need 1、作情态动词： need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must，have to，ought to，或 should代替。 否定：needn’t do 2、作实义动词： 后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化。 肯定：need to do 否定：don’t need to do You needn’t come so early. He needs to finish it this evening. He doesn’t need to finish it this evening. dare 1、作情态动词： 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。 2、作实义动词： 在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带 to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面的不定式可以不带to。 肯定：dare to do 否定：don’t dare (to) do —He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? —Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t. How dare you say I’m unfair? If you dare come here, I will come to meet you. 即学即练 1．（2022·上海中考真题）—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite. —No problem. Here you are. A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我可以用你的胶水吗？我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。 考查情态动词。Should应该；Need需要；Must必须；May可以。此处表征求他人的同意，应用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。 2．（2021·上海中考真题）—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition? —Sorry. The tickets are sold out. A．Must B．Need C．Should D．May 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我可以买两张中国农民画展的票吗？ ——很抱歉，票卖完了。 考查情态动词。Must必须；Need需要；Should应该；May可以。根据“I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition”可知，此处表示请求允许，用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。 3．（2020·上海中考真题）According to the traffic law，children under 12________ride bicycles on the road． A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't 【答案】D 【详解】句意：根据交通法，12岁以下的儿童不允许在路上骑自行车． 考查情态动词的用法。won't不将会；wouldn't不将会；needn't不必；mustn't不允许。根据children under 12"12岁以下的儿童"可知，"不允许"在路上骑自行车。用mustn't。故选D。 【点睛】考查情态动词。情态动词在句中不受人称、性别、单复数变化的影响，但是要考虑时态，交际用法等。结合语境，选择正确答案。 4．（2019·上海中考真题）According to the rule，used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes. A．must B．need C．can D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：根据规定，废旧电池必须投到红色垃圾箱中，以防产生有害废物。 A. must必须；B. need需要；C. can能，会；D. may可以。根据下文in the red bin for harmful wastes.可知这里是说必须被丢到红色垃圾箱。根据题意，故选A。 5．（2018·上海中考真题）-Must I do the project on my own? -No, you____.You can work with your classmates. A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我必须自己做这个项目吗？——不，你不需要。你可以和你的同学一起工作。A. needn’t不必；B. can’t 不能；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. mustn’t禁止，千万别。以must开头的一般疑问句，以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustn’t，故选A。 点睛：must的用法：①表示必须，否定式为mustn’t，意为“禁止”。②以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustn’t。这里要格外注意以情态动词开头的一般疑问句的回答并不一定都是“用什么问用什么答”，有时会有特例，本题便是，不能使用“mustn’t”，如果使用，意思就会变成“禁止”，而非“不需要”。 6．（2017·上海中考真题）—________ I park my car here for a while? —No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”? A．Would B．May C．Must D．Should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以把车在这儿停一会儿吗？——不，你不能。你看到“禁止停车”的标志了吗？在英语中，可以用may、might、can、could提出要求，表示请求“许可”。A.would和D.should用于委婉说法，表达的是“意愿”，可排除。而C.must强调的是“必须”，也可排除。故选B。 7．（2016·上海中考真题）A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with. A．ought B．need C．can D．must 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的好朋友是你可以与之分享快乐和痛苦的人。ought to应该；need需要；can能够，可以；must必须。A答案中缺少to，首先应排除。结合句意可知，能够与你分享快乐和痛苦的人才是一个真正的好朋友，答案为C。 8．（2015·上海中考真题）–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow? --I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday . A．must B．may C．should D．need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--妈妈，明天我可以参观电影博物馆吗？--恐怕你不能去，周一不开门。A. must 必须； B.may 可以，表示请求；C. should 应该；D. need需要。may I …?我可以做……？否定回答通常不用mayn’t经常用can’t或mustn’t. 结合句意，故选B。 9．（2014·上海中考真题）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane. A．can B．may C．must D．could 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在所有的乘客坐飞机之前他们必须经过安检。 can能，表示能力；may可以，表示允许；must必要，表示要求；ought应该，表示责任和义务。结合句意，坐飞机要进行安检，这是一个必须做的事情，故用情态动词must，故选C。 10．（2013·上海中考真题）— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad? — No，you__________，son．You’re free to make your own decision． A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：句意：–我必须去上医学院像你一样当一个医生吗，爸爸？—不，你不必，儿子。你可以自由地做你自己的决定。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止，不允许；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。对must开头的一般疑问句做否定回答，习惯用needn’t。所以选D。 11．（2012·上海中考真题）You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A．may B．need C．should D．ought to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你晚上一个人在山上走，你可能会迷路。 考查情态动词的用法。 解题思路：此处由句意可知表示推测语气，选项B、C、D均不表示推测语气，may可能，表示推测，故选A。 12．（2024·上海长宁·二模）—Will you please stay here for another week? —Sorry, I ________. I’ll have to attend an important meeting. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——请你在这里再待一个星期好吗？——对不起，我不能。我得参加一个重要会议。 考查情态动词用法。mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要；can’t不能。根据“I’ll have to attend an important meeting.”可知，说话人得去参加一个重要的会议，因此是不能够留下来。故选D。 13．（2024·上海静安·二模）They ________ go to the party if they finish their project on time. A．can B．need C．must D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果他们按时完成项目，就可以去参加聚会。 考查情态动词。can可以；need需要；must必须；should应该。 根据“They...go to the party if they finish their project on time.”可知，此处指如果按时完成项目就可以去参加聚会，应用can表示许可。故选A。 14．（2024·上海崇明·二模）You _________ go across the road when the red light is on. Everyone must obey the rule. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：红灯时，你禁止过马路。每个人必须遵守交通规则。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；needn’t不必；mustn’t表示禁止、不许；shouldn’t不应该。根据时间状语从句“when the traffic light is red.”可知，红灯亮时应是禁止过马路。故选C。 15．（2024·上海长宁·二模）It is going to rain. You’d better ________ the window open when you go out. A．not leave B．not to leave C．won’t leave D．no leaving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：要下雨了。你出去的时候最好不要让窗户开着。 考查固定搭配。had better意为“最好”，(常简略为’d better)是一固定词组，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后跟动词原形，构成had better do sth.句型。其否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面，构成had better not do sth。故选A。 16．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）—Do you think Emma is still studying at the library? It’s almost midnight. —She ________. The library closes at 9:30 p.m., and everyone has to leave by then. A．should be B．must be C．needn’t be D．can’t be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为艾玛还在图书馆学习吗？快半夜了。——不可能。图书馆晚上九点半关门，所有人都得在那之前离开。 考查词义辨析。should be应该；must be一定；needn’t be不需要；can’t be不可能。根据“The library closes at 9:30 p.m., and everyone has to leave by then.”可知艾玛不可能在图书馆。故选D。 17．（2024·上海金山·二模）To get a better life, we teenagers ________ not only study hard but also keep good health. A．can B．may C．need D．should 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了过上更好的生活，我们青少年不仅要努力学习，还要保持身体健康。 考查动词辨析。can可以；may也许；need需要；should应该。根据“To get a better life, we teenagers...not only study hard but also keep good health.”可知，此处是在建议，应用should，故选D。 18．（2024·上海松江·二模）It is said that the robots ________ take care of the old at home in the near future. A．can B．should C．must D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：据说在不久的将来，机器人可以照顾家里的老人。 考查情态动词。can能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“the robots ... take care of the old at home”可知，是指机器人能够照顾老人，用can表示能力。故选A。 19．（2024·上海青浦·二模）Listen! Her voice is shaking while speaking. She ________ be very nervous. A．must B．need C．should D．can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：听！她说话时声音在颤抖。她一定很紧张。 考查情态动词辨析。must一定；need需要；should应该；can可以。由“Her voice is shaking while speaking.”可知她说话时声音颤抖，可推测一定是紧张的。选项A符合。故选A。 20．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Your poster ________ be bright-colored to keep the viewers’ attention. A．should B．need C．can D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你的海报应该是明亮的颜色，以保持观众的注意力。 考查情态动词。should应该；need需要；can能够；may也许。根据“be bright-colored to keep the viewers’ attention”可知，此处表示为了保持观众的注意力，海报应该是明亮的颜色。故选A。 21．（2024·上海普陀·二模）As a beginner, she __________ need your help with some business matters. A．must B．should C．can D．may 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作为一个初学者，她可能需要你在一些业务上的帮助。 考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；can可以；may可能。根据“need your help with some business matters.”可知此处指猜测，可能需要帮助。故选D。 22．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）You’d better _________ your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport. A．check B．to check C．checking D．checked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在去机场之前，你最好检查一下你的行李是否有重要文件。 考查动词。根据“You’d better”可知，had better do sth.“最好做某事”，动词用原形。故选A。 23．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）There are plenty of eggs in the fridge now. You buy any. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：冰箱里现在有很多鸡蛋。你不必买任何东西。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必，不需要。根据前一句“There are plenty of eggs in the fridge now.”可知，冰箱还有，所以不需要买。故选D。 24．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）In the near future, AI programs ________ actually do many jobs better than humans. A．can B．should C．need D．must 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在不久的将来，AI智能实际上可以比人类做到更多的事情。 考查情态动词。can可以；should应该；need需要；must必须。根据句子“AI programs…actually do many jobs better than humans.”可知，此处要表达的是“AI智能实际上可以比人类做到更多的事情”，用can表示能够，故选A。 25．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Cars _______ give way to people on some roads in our city, or the drivers will be warned. A．must B．can C．need D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我们城市的一些道路上，汽车必须给行人让路，否则司机将受到警告。 考查情态动词。must必须；can能够；need需要；may也许。根据“or the drivers will be warned.”可知，是指汽车必须给行人让路，否则司机会受到警告。故选A。 26．（2024·河北邯郸·一模）Everyone ________ follow the traffic rules when going out. A．might B．must C．may D．could 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每个人外出时都必须遵守交通规则。 考查情态动词辨析。might可能；must必须；may也许；could能，可以。根据“Everyone ... follow the traffic rules when going out.”可知，外出时必须遵守交通规则。故选B。 27．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）You ________ never succeed without a long-term goal and enough effort. A．can B．must C．need D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：没有长期的目标和足够的努力，你永远不会成功。 考查情态动词词义辨析。can可以；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据“without a long-term goal and enough effort”可知，此处是指没有长期的目标和足够的努力就永远不会成功，所以应用can表示能力。故选A。 28．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________ you please pass the dish to me? —Certainly, no problem. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——请你把菜递给我好吗？——当然可以，没问题。 考查情态动词。Must必须；Should应该；May可以，表示许可和允许；Would可以，表示礼貌和请求。根据“you please pass the dish to me”可知此处在表示礼貌和请求，用would。故选D。 29．（2024·上海崇明·二模）It's a rule that visitors ________ bring in his camera to take pictures inside the museum. A．might not B．needn't C．mustn't D．wouldn't 【答案】C 【详解】句意：按照规定，参观者禁止把照相机带入博物馆内拍照。 考查情态动词。might not可能不；needn't不需要；mustn't禁止；wouldn't不会。根据It's a rule“它是一个规定”，可知是参观者“禁止”把照相机带入博物馆内拍照，故答案选C。 30．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）—Mum, Jerry asked me to watch the ball game after school. Can I go along? —You _______, but be sure to get home before 10 o’clock. A．should B．would C．must D．may 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，杰瑞叫我放学后去看球赛。我可以一起去吗？——你可以，但一定要在十点钟以前到家。 考查情态动词。should应该；would将会；must一定，必须；may可以。根据“You..., but be sure to get home before 10 o’clock.”可知，此处指可以去看球赛，但一定要准时回家，应用may表示许可。故选D。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （2024九年级上·上海奉贤·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 The History of the Guinness Book of World Records Are you interested in world records? Do you want to know who the oldest person is in the world? Or the largest cake? Or the heaviest newspaper? Well, if you do, you can find all the a 1 from an amazing book: the Guinness Book of World Records《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》. The idea for this book started from an argument. Hugh Beaver worked for Guinness (金氏啤酒) Company in Britain. One day he went out for a walk with his friends. When some birds flew across the sky, he said they were the fastest birds in the world. Nobody a 2 with him. He made a bet (打赌) with his friends. The next day, he tried to solve the problem by reading some books in a library. H 3 , he found out that none of the books had the information he needed. He suffered a heavy loss (损失), but came up with a good idea: If his company could publish such a book with all the world records, he was sure that he could make a lot of money. Everything was hard at the beginning. Beaver had great d 4 in collecting the unusual records. But when the first Guinness Book came out in 1995, it sold like hot cakes. In fact, his book has r 5 one of the best sellers for many years. Today, the book is published throughout the world. Every year, a new book is published to keep up with the c 6 records. It is one of the most p 7 books in the world. By now almost everyone agrees that reading the book is not only a lot of fun, but also an eye-opener. 【答案】1．(a)nswers 2．(a)greed 3．(H)owever 4．(d)ifficulty 5．(r)emained 6．(c)hanging 7．(p)opular 【导语】本文主要介绍了《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》的历史。 1．句意：好吧，如果这样的话，你可以从一本神奇的书中找到所有的答案：《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。根据“...Or the largest cake? Or the heaviest newspaper?”以及首字母可知在这本书中可以找到上述问题的答案，此处用名词复数answers“答案”。故填(a)nswers。 2．句意：没有人同意他的观点。根据“Nobody...with him. He made a bet (打赌) with his friends”以及首字母可知他的朋友都不同意他的观点，所以他和朋友打了个赌，agree“同意”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(a)greed。 3．句意：然而，他发现没有一本书有他需要的信息。根据“he found out that none of the books had the information”可知此处和前句是转折关系，用however“然而”连接。故填(H)owever。 4．句意：Beaver在收集这些不寻常的记录时遇到了很大的困难。根据“Everything was hard at the beginning”可知刚开始事情很难，他遇到了困难，have difficulty in doing sth.“做某事有困难”。故填(d)ifficulty。 5．句意：事实上，他的书多年来一直是畅销书之一。根据“In fact, his book has...one of the best sellers for many years.”以及首字母可知这本书仍然是畅销书之一，remain“仍然是”，此处用过去分词和助动词has构成现在完成时。故填(r)emained。 6．句意：每年出版一本新书，以跟上不断变化的记录。根据“keep up with the...records”以及首字母可知记录是不断变化的，修饰名词用形容词changing“变化的”。故填(c)hanging。 7．句意：它是世界上最受欢迎的书之一。根据“the book is published throughout the world”以及首字母可知这本书是最受欢迎的书之一，popular“受欢迎的”。故填(p)opular。 PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）Perfect guide to making a summer diary Imagine summer full of adventures and discoveries. Now imagine collecting all of that excitement in a certain place just for you. Sounds exciting, right? Why keep a summer diary? A summer diary is like a treasure (宝藏) box, filled with memories and experiences from your summer days. It’s a way to remember all your adventures, big and small, and all the things that make summer such a wonderful time. It is also a great place to show your ideas, and let your imagination run wild! ________ Every great adventure begins with the right tools. For your summer diary, the first step is to find the perfect notebook. It could be a simple pocket notebook or a diary with a lock and key. Look for something that catches your eye, and don’t forget that it should have pages to last you the whole summer. Ideas to get more creative Here are some ideas to get you started: ◇ Daily Activities: Every day is an adventure! Write about what you did, saw or felt. ◇ Nature Observations: You could write about a tiny insect you saw or the way the leaves rustle (make soft sounds when they movie in the wind). ◇Simple Doodles: A diary doesn’t have to be all about words. Paint something you saw, or draw a picture about your summer holiday. ◇ Goals: What are your hopes for this summer or the new school year? Write them down and make a plan on how to achieve them. The reward of your summer diary By the end of the summer, you’ll have a collection of memories and experiences. It will remind you of all the fun you had and show how much you’ve grown and learned. It’s a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends. 8．A summer diary is made mainly to ________. A．improve long-term memory B．collect information about community C．develop writing abilities D．keep a record of summer days 9．The underlined word It refers to ________. A．a big adventure B．a summer diary C．a great place D．a treasure box 10．Which of the following best fits the blank ________? A．Keeping the diary as a secret B．Planning to make a diary C．Choosing your ideal diary notebook D．Making your diary wonderful 11．Which of the following may NOT be seen in a summer diary? A． B． C． D． 12．What is the reward of the summer diary? A．Worries and pains. B．Progress and growth. C．Gifs from families. D．Love from best friends. 13．The passage is written to ________. A．attract parents to buy a notebook as a gift B．call on teenagers to care more about themselves C．teach young readers to keep a diary in summer holidays D．encourage students to make a plan for the future 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了如何写一篇暑假日记。 8．细节理解题。根据“A summer diary is like a treasure (宝藏) box, filled with memories and experiences from your summer days. It’s a way to remember all your adventures, big and small, and all the things that make summer such a wonderful time.”可知，暑假日记的主要功能是记录。故选D。 9．词句猜测题。根据“A summer diary is like...”和“It’s a way to remember all your adventures, big and small, and all the things that make summer such a wonderful time.”可以判断出，这里的it指的是a summer diary，表示“暑假日记”是记录各种事情的一种方式，也是发挥想象力的地方。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据“the first step is to find the perfect notebook. It could be a simple pocket notebook or a diary with a lock and key...”可知，本段的主要内容为选择合适的日记本。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据“Ideas to get more creative”段落中提到的点子可知，日记里可以有日常活动、自然观察、简单的涂鸦和目标，只有食物没提到。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“By the end of the summer,...and show how much you’ve grown and learned. It’s a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends.”可知，暑假结束后，你会发现自己得到了提升和成长。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据图片、标题“Perfect guide to making a summer diary”可知，文章在告诉孩子们，如何写暑假日记。故选C。 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 safe [seɪf] n. 安全的;保险柜 2 sale [seɪl] n. 卖；出售 3 save [seɪv] vt. 救，挽救，节省 4 scarf [skɑːf] n. 领巾；围巾 5 scientist ['saɪəntɪst] n. 科学家 6 support [sə'pɔːt] v. & n. 支持，赞助 7 supply [sə'plaɪ] vt.&n. 供给，供应 8 suppose [sə'pəʊz] vt. 猜想，假定，料想 9 secretary ['sekrətri] n. 秘书；书记 10 serious ['sɪəriəs] a. 严肃的，严重的；认真的 11 serve [sɜːv] vt. 招待(顾客等)，服 12 settle ['setl] v. 安家，定居；解决 13 shape [ʃeɪp] n.v. 形状，使成型，制造，塑造 14 shine(shone,shone或-d,-d) [ʃaɪn] v. 发光；照耀；出众；擦亮 15 social ['səʊʃl] a. 社会的；社交的 16 situation [sɪtʃu'eɪʃn] n. 形势，情况 ． 17 similar ['sɪmələ(r)] a. 相似的；像 18 simple ['sɪmpl] a. 简单的；简易的 19 signal ['sɪɡnəl] n. 信号；手势 20 sightseeing ['saɪtsiːɪŋ] n． 游览；观光 21 spread (spread,spread) [spred] v. 延伸；展开 ◆22 satisfy [ˈsætɪsfaɪ] v. 使满意 ◆23 scare [skeə(r)] v. n. 惊吓; 恐慌 ◆24 separate [ˈsepəreɪt] n.. (使)分开；分离 ◆25 shock [ʃɒk] n.& v. 震惊; 使震惊 ◆26 shoot(shot, shot) [ʃuːt] v． 射击；拍摄 ◆27 shoulder [ˈʃəʊldə(r)] n．v. 肩膀; 承担 ◆28 sore [sɔː(r)] adj． 酸痛的；疼痛的 ◆29 spirit [ˈspɪrɪt] n. 精神；心灵；情绪 ◆30 standard [ˈstændəd] n. 标准 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. We are always told that ______ is first. (safe) 2. They ______ the little girl from danger in the end. (safe) 3. They arrived at the mountain village ______ after a long hard journey. (safe) 4. I’ve bought my new car recently, so I want to ______ my old one. (sale) 5. Smoking can ______ damage your health, so give it up! (serious) 6. Most of the passengers were satisfied with the ______ of the Eastern Airline. (serve) 7. She won the first place in a ______ contest. (speak) 8. Because of the warm and ______ weather, oranges grow very well here. (sun) 9. I think you ought not to talk with ______. (strange) 10. Careful planning is the secret of ______. (succeed) 11. Shanghai held the 2010 World Expo ______, and our Shanghainese are proud of it. (succeed) 12. If you want to ______ in the future, you must work hard from now on. (success) 13. The employees can make ______, but the boss has the decision. (suggest) 14. We were ______ to know that she’d already left. (surprise) 15. The six Greek soldiers waited for one more hour because they wanted to be sure that all of the Trojans were ______. (sleep) 16. The teacher was ______ with the result of the experiment. (satisfy) 17. Jack hasn't got the ______ to the problem. (solve) 18. He is one of the most famous ______ in the world. (science) 19. Chinese has the most ______ in the world. (speak) 20. My ambition is to be a ______ man like my father. (success ) 21. It's clever of you to ______ the problem. (solution) 22. "Your job is to ______ customers well, please keep it in mind." The manager said. (service) 23. All of us should obey traffic rules in order to keep ourselves ______. (save) 24. Can you tell me who will ______ at the class meeting next Monday? (speech) 25. ______, all the lights went out and people had to wait in the darkness. (sudden) 26．If you really want to______, you will have to work very hard. (success) 27．She didn’t stop mopping the floor until it became _______clean. (spot) 27．Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service) 28. Peter found it ________ for a little girl, like his younger sister, to learn so many musical instruments. (surprise) 29．Roads, bridges, and houses were ________ damaged in the earthquake. (serious) 30．We are not _____( suppose) to be late for school. 【答案】 1. safety 2.saved 3.safely 4.sell 5.seriously 6.service 7.speech 8.sunny 9.strangers 10.success 11.successfully 12.succeed 13.suggestions 14.surprised 15.asleep 16.satisfied 17.solution 18.scientists 19.speakers 20.successful 21.solve 22.serve 23.safe 24.speak 25.Suddenly 26.succeed 27. spotlessly 28. surprising 29.seriously 30.supposed 词组默写 281.为……送行 282.售完 283.动身;出发;着手做 284.与……握手 285.与……分享 286.大商场，大型购物中心 287.炫耀 288.带某人参观 289.住口 290.到目前为止 291.(表示目的)为了，以便 292.社会研究;社会学习 293.将来有一天 294.迟早 295.代表 296.熬夜 297.阻止……做 298.例如 299.上网 300.看一看 281.see...off 282.sell out 283. set out 284. shake hands with 285.share...with 286. shopping mall 287.show off 288. show sb. Around 289. shut up 290. so far 291. so that 292. social study 293. some day 294. sooner or later 295. stand for 296. stay up 297.stop...from 298. such as 299. surf the Internet 300. take a look 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$