14讲：外刊精选+语法专题【非谓语动词】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母QR】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第十四讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（非谓语动词）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、词汇打卡(字母QR) 外刊精选 Digital memories might not last forever “数字记忆” 可能不会永存 数码产品在不断地更新换代。虽然数字化为日常生活提供了便利，但随着数码产品逐渐老化、数字文件格式相继被淘汰，人们可能再也无法访问曾储存在电子设备上的 “数字记忆”，从而失去了一段段宝贵的人生回忆。本文探讨有哪些方法可以更好地保护自己免受因数字科技更新换代而产生的影响。 Having thousands of photos, songs and films available at our fingertips would have seemed amazing just a few decades ago, but how long will these files last for and be available? Could the digitalisation of cultural artefacts now be putting a time limit on our memories? The materials that phones and computers are made of can decay over time, impacting the data that they store. Images can still be seen in faded photographs, but when digital data degrades, it can quickly make it impossible to even open a file.  Also, as formats and devices become obsolete, it may become impossible to read files from previous decades. Storing information in the cloud can also present problems. Large companies can still lose data. In 2019, social media platform MySpace admitted losing more than 12 years’ worth of users’ music uploads. The widespread use of streaming services for music, TV and film means that people no longer own the content that they watch and listen to, they just pay for the right to access it. If streaming companies decide to remove content, or go out of business, users will lose access.  Licencing rather than buying content is an example of how our behaviour towards digital content has changed. Another example is that we take far more pictures than people did in the past. This means that, added to the challenge of keeping our data safe, people have to consider what to preserve and what can be discarded. So, what can we do? Technology writer Jack Schofield said that “data doesn’t really exist unless you have at least two copies of it”, so it’s important that we keep backup copies of what is important to us – probably more than one. Academic Paul Royster suggests that we should all take time to consider what content we personally believe is worth saving. Perhaps the answer is just to avoid digital altogether. Science and Technology writer Chris Baranaiuk calls for a cultural movement towards buying analogue copies of cultural content. 词汇表 digitalisation 数字化 artefact 人工制品 material 材料 decay 腐蚀 data 数据 faded 褪色的 degrade 降质 format （计算机信息的）格式 obsolete 淘汰的，过时的 the cloud （网络）云   upload 上传的信息 streaming service 流媒体服务，在线收听或收看内容的服务 content 内容 go out of business 倒闭 licence 授予 preserve 保存，保留 discard 扔掉 backup copy 备份，备用副本 analogue （相对数字而言）实体的  测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What can physically happen to our computers and phones over time? 2. What is different in the way that a digital photograph decays compared to a physical photograph? 3. Why can some formats become impossible to read? 4. When can people lose access to content on streaming services? 5. What has changed in the way that we take photographs? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. _______ has made it much easier to share content with other people. Formats         Digitalisation          Data                         Licenses 2. Hard drives can _______ over time, leading to corrupted files. preserve         discard                 fade                   decay 3. Old devices can become _______. obsolete      decay             degrade             discard 4. Photographs, books and films are all kinds of _______. digitalisation    content               format          licence 5. Storing your _______ on a cloud service can help preserve them. analogues       formats            uploads          streaming services 【文本翻译】就在几十年前，如果有成千上万的照片、歌曲和电影触手可及，那似乎会令人惊叹不已，但这些文件能保存多久并可供使用呢？如今文化制品的数字化会不会给我们的记忆加上时间限制？ 手机和电脑的制造材料会随着时间的推移而老化，影响它们所存储的数据。褪色的照片中图像仍然可见，但当数字数据退化时，可能很快就会导致甚至无法打开一个文件。此外，随着格式和设备的过时，可能无法读取几十年前的文件。 将信息存储在云端也可能会出现问题。大公司仍可能丢失数据。2019 年，社交媒体平台 MySpace 承认丢失了用户超过 12 年的音乐上传内容。音乐、电视和电影流媒体服务的广泛使用意味着人们不再拥有他们观看和收听的内容，他们只是为访问权付费。如果流媒体公司决定删除内容或倒闭，用户将失去访问权限。 授权而非购买内容是我们对待数字内容的行为发生变化的一个例子。另一个例子是我们拍摄的照片比过去的人多得多。这意味着，除了要应对保护数据安全的挑战外，人们还必须考虑要保留什么以及可以丢弃什么。 那么，我们能做些什么呢？科技作家杰克·斯科菲尔德说：“除非你至少有两份数据副本，否则数据实际上并不存在”，所以对我们来说重要的是要保留重要内容的备份副本——可能不止一份。学者保罗·罗伊斯特建议，我们都应该花时间考虑我们个人认为值得保存的内容。也许答案就是完全避免数字化。科技作家克里斯·巴拉奈克呼吁开展一场文化运动，购买文化内容的模拟副本。 语法专题 语法精选----非谓语动词 动词不定式 1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.  作状语  不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语） 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" 　　 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it.  A. carrying   B. carries   C. carry   D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble.  A. not to smile  B. to smile     C. not to laugh   D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词 动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6. 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry.  —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.  动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 现在分词与过去分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe 现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 即学即练 1．（2022·上海·中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold 3．（2021·上海·中考真题）Michael and his friends practise ________ table tennis after school every day. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 4．（2021·上海·中考真题）The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday. A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．to finish 5．（2020·上海·中考真题）Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal． A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 6．（2020·上海·中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company． A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 7．（2019·上海·中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A．take B．taken C．to take D．taking 8．（2019·上海·中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 9．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 10．（2018·上海·中考真题）Sue practices______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 11．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivian refuses ___________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 12．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．to fix 13．（2016·上海·中考真题）I can't tell you what she said. I've promised ________ it a secret. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 14．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martin was so busy ______ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 15．（2015·上海·中考真题） My friend invited me ______ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A．join B．to join C．joined D．joining 16．（2014·上海·中考真题）Harry has decided    __________ an online shop after graduating from school. A．open B．to open C．opened D．opening 17．（2013·上海·中考真题）The retired couple enjoy_____photos.They always go out with their cameras A．take B．took C．to take D．taking enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事。故选D。 18．（2014·上海·中考真题）I wouldn’t mind______a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A．having B．to have C．have D．had 19．（2013·上海·中考真题）Even Tony’s granddaughter，a five-year-old girl，asked him__________ smoking． A．give up B．gave up C．to give up D．giving up 20．（2016·上海·中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 21．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）We have to practise _______ English more often. It’s useful when we’re at work. A．to speak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke 22．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m so hungry. I need something _______. A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．eaten 23．（2024·上海崇明·二模）The headmaster requires the students _________ school uniforms on weekdays. A．wear B．wearing C．wears D．to wear 24．（2024·上海崇明·二模）You should practise _________ from now on if you want to win the race. A．run B．running C．runs D．to run 25．（2024·上海宝山·二模）Anna is considering ________ to New Zealand for further study next summer holidays. A．go B．went C．to go D．going 26．（2024·上海宝山·二模）Michael expected ________ the basketball match so he trained hard day and night. A．to win B．winning C．win D．won 27．（2024·上海静安·二模）We are considering ________ an Environment Day in our school. A．organize B．to organize C．organizing D．organized 28．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）We should often review our notes after class to avoid ________ the same mistakes. A．make B．to make C．made D．making 29．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）The professor suggested that the students consider ________ more research on the topic. A．do B．doing C．to do D．done 30．（2024·上海金山·二模）Last December, China allowed Malaysian tourists the country for 15 days without a visa. (签证) A．enter B．to enter C．enters D．entered 31．（2024·上海金山·二模）As we all know, it’s impolite to keep others ________ for a long time. A．wait B．to wait C．waited D．waiting 32．（2024·上海青浦·二模）The volunteers offered ________ the dripping taps in this housing estate. A．to fix B．fixing C．fix D．fixed 33．（2024·上海松江·二模）Never expect others ________ your mind. Just tell them what you want. A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read 34．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Would you like ________ out for a while to relax yourself and have some fun? A．go B．to go C．going D．gone 35．（2024·上海松江·二模）Sara is used to ________ a glass of water when she gets up in the morning. A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．drank 36．（2024·上海青浦·二模）When the police asked the doorkeeper about the theft, he denied ________ any stranger. A．to see B．seeing C．see D．saw 37．（2024·上海闵行·二模）Aunt Lily encouraged me ________ calligraphy (书法) when I was six years old. A．learn B．learning C．learned D．to learn 38．（2024·上海虹口·二模）The headmaster said, “I expect my students ________ different cultures in their future life.” A．experience B．to experience C．experiencing D．experienced 39．（2024·上海虹口·二模）Cindy, would you mind ________ me a lift to work tomorrow morning? A．giving B．to give C．give D．given 40．（2024·上海普陀·二模）Every time I pass by her office, she’s busy __________ something. A．do B．to do C．done D．doing 41．（2024·上海普陀·二模）We hope __________ anything unpleasant from happening. A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevented 42．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）Citizens in modern cities should consider ________ electric cars instead of fuel cars when going to work every day. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 43．（2024·上海闵行·二模）You should avoid ________ on the underground. It’s impolite and also against the rules. A．eat B．eating C．ate D．to eat 44．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）As a lover of Chinese culture, Tina keeps videos to learn about real life in China. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 45．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）The talk show was so funny that it made the audience ________ from time to time. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughed D．laughing 46．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Look! Those little ants are busy _______ their food for the winter. A．collect B．collected C．collecting D．to collect 47．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Some scientists suggest ________ at an early age, but others do not. A．write B．to write C．writing D．to writing 48．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Many people failed ________ home in time for New Year’s Eve dinner because of the heavy snow. A．arrive B．arriving C．to arrive D．to arriving 49．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Try to avoid _________ that way. You might hurt other people. A．speaking B．to speak C．speak D．spoken 50．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）It’s a custom for the Chinese _________ a gift for friends when visiting them. A．bring B．bringing C．to bring D．brought 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （2023九年级下·上海静安·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Cell phones have become one of the most useful devices in the past half century. The first cell phone had only one use—calling someone. Today’s smart-phones are really minicomputers that allow users to do many things at once. People can send t 1 and emails, listen to music, take pictures and videos, and find information online. Cell phones are perfect for learning in school. For example, students can find information on the Internet, s 2 math problems and share notes. They can use calendars and alarms for reminders about homework, projects, and tests. They can even share ideas on social media. Some schools don’t allow cell phones b 3 they think the phones can distract students from their work. Some teachers worry that students won’t pay attention and will need to be reminded to put down their phones. They also worry that students will spend lunches and recess playing games or using social media. Kids could miss out on quality time spent with friends. Teachers and parents also worry about students using phones to cheat on tests or bully others. Cheating is unfair and does not help students learn. Bullying h 4 classmates. Studies show that younger students are more likely to be bulled if they have cell phones. However, researchers have found that most parents and teachers want students to have phones. It is important for parents and children to be able to keep in touch. Teachers like using phones during lessons because students are more interested and pay c 5 attention. Many teachers feel that the benefits outweigh the problems if students learn to use the cell phones c 6 . Teachers and parents can teach kids to use cell phones in a safe way that helps them learn new things. In class, phones should be s 7 and used only for lessons. Students should also track time spent on their phones and avoid using them too much. Students should be allowed to use cell phones in school. Setting good ground rules can improve learning for everyone. PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末） Many teens aren’t getting enough sleep. According to a U. S. survey, more than one in five teens have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Here, some 8 experts (专家) are offering tips to help teens get a better night’s sleep. Sonal Malhotra Small changes can often make a big difference. Try changing one bad sleep habit at a time. For example, 9 having a big meal close to bedtime or make sure your room is dark and comfortable. It’s not possible to change everything all at once. If you can change one habit even several nights a week, that’s great. Lisa Damour We have plenty of research showing how damaging technology is to sleep. No one—children or adults—should have a phone in their bedroom at night. If that’s too hard for you, you can start with some easier ways to 10 the damage of nighttime screen time. Passive use, like watching a show, is better than active use, like gaming. Judith Owens Many of you like to get up late 11 . This can affect your weekday sleep. On Sunday night, you haven’t been awake long enough to fall asleep at the right time. You’ll then have trouble getting up for school on Monday morning. Then your whole sleep schedule just gets out of 12 . Dave Anderson Like adults, some teens may have a lot of 13 on their minds: “Oh, no! I still have so much work to do. If I don’t get enough sleep, I’ll fail my test tomorrow!” If you are one of these teens, try keeping a diary. Write down what you did today and what you plan to do tomorrow. You can also just write about your worries. It can help you get rid of them. 8．A．computer B．insurance C．health D．gardening 9．A．avoid B．enjoy C．finish D．keep 10．A．cause B．compare C．recognize D．reduce 11．A．on time B．on weekends C．at noon D．at work 12．A．control B．date C．trouble D．work 13．A．ambitions B．experiments C．plans D．worries 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 quarter ['kwɔːtə(r)] n. 四分之一，一刻钟 2 question ['kwestʃən] n. 问题 3 quickly ['kwɪkli] adv． 快地；迅速地 4 quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv. 安静地 5 quiz [kwɪz] n． 测验 6 rainy ['reɪni] a. 下雨的；多雨的 7 rarely ['reəli] adv. 罕有，很少，不常 8 raise [reɪz] vt. 使升高；饲养 9 rather ['rɑːðə(r)] ad. 相当，宁可 10 review [rɪ'vjuː] vt/n. 回顾；复习；评论 11 realise (美 realize) ['rɪəlaɪz] vt. 认识到，实现 12 require [rɪ'kwaɪə(r)] vt. 需求；要求 13 receive [rɪ'siːv] v. 收到，得到 14 recent ['riːsnt] a. 近来的，最近的 15 recognize ['rekəɡnaɪz] v. 辨认出；认识 16 recite [rɪ'saɪt] v. 背诵 17 responsible [rɪ'spɒnsəbl] adj． 负责的；有责任的 18 reduce [rɪ'djuːs] v． 减少；缩减 19 reference ['refrəns] n. 编号，参考 20 refuse [rɪ'fjuːz] vt 拒绝，不愿 21 regard [rɪ'ɡɑːd] v. 把……看作 22 regular ['reɡjələ(r)] adj. 规则的，经常 23 relax [rɪ'læks] v. (使)放松，轻松 24 rely [rɪ'laɪ] v． 依靠 ◆25 rainbow [ˈreɪnbəʊ] n. 彩虹 ◆26 rapid [ˈræpɪd] adj． 迅速的 ◆27 regret [rɪˈɡret] v． 后悔；遗憾 ◆28 remain [rɪˈmeɪn] v． 保持；仍然是 ◆29 recommend [ˌrekəˈmend] v. 推荐；举荐 ◆30 risk [ˈdɪdʒɪtl] v. 危险；冒着……的危险 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. He put on his coat and went out ______. (quick) 2. I often see many students reading ______ in the school library during the lunch break. (quiet) 3. Danny has worked as a newspaper ______ for a couple of years. (report) 4. I haven't received any letters from Mary ______. (recent) 5. Tim saw a bank ______ in the city last night. (rob) 6. This magazine has a number of ______. (read) 7. If you want to get good marks, you should ______ the lessons every day. (revision) 8. Someone phoned the police that two young men were planning to ______ a bank. (robbery) 9. The man on the court denied that he was ______ for the crime. (responsibility) 10. I still remember meeting my best friend for the first time on a ______ day. (rain) 11. There have been many changes in our school in ______ years. (recently) 12. Mike has a high sense of ______ towards his work. (responsible) 13.After the earthquake, the people began to __________their homes.(build) 14.Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy _____________.(refer) 15. The population of the little town has ______ decreased from 60,000 to 80,000 since 2003. (rapid ) 词组默写 261.捉弄 262.玩耍，摆弄 263.大量的，充足的 264.指出 265.为某事表扬某人 266.(比起………来)更喜欢 267.准备 268.阻止……做某事 269.保护……免受 270.向……提供 271.延期 272.穿上;戴上;上演 273.扑灭 274.举起;挂起 275.参考;涉及;指的是 276.依靠 277.逃跑 278.用完，耗尽 279.挽救某人的生命 280.搜寻;搜查 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十四讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（非谓语动词）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、词汇打卡(字母QR) 外刊精选 Digital memories might not last forever “数字记忆” 可能不会永存 数码产品在不断地更新换代。虽然数字化为日常生活提供了便利，但随着数码产品逐渐老化、数字文件格式相继被淘汰，人们可能再也无法访问曾储存在电子设备上的 “数字记忆”，从而失去了一段段宝贵的人生回忆。本文探讨有哪些方法可以更好地保护自己免受因数字科技更新换代而产生的影响。 Having thousands of photos, songs and films available at our fingertips would have seemed amazing just a few decades ago, but how long will these files last for and be available? Could the digitalisation of cultural artefacts now be putting a time limit on our memories? The materials that phones and computers are made of can decay over time, impacting the data that they store. Images can still be seen in faded photographs, but when digital data degrades, it can quickly make it impossible to even open a file.  Also, as formats and devices become obsolete, it may become impossible to read files from previous decades. Storing information in the cloud can also present problems. Large companies can still lose data. In 2019, social media platform MySpace admitted losing more than 12 years’ worth of users’ music uploads. The widespread use of streaming services for music, TV and film means that people no longer own the content that they watch and listen to, they just pay for the right to access it. If streaming companies decide to remove content, or go out of business, users will lose access.  Licencing rather than buying content is an example of how our behaviour towards digital content has changed. Another example is that we take far more pictures than people did in the past. This means that, added to the challenge of keeping our data safe, people have to consider what to preserve and what can be discarded. So, what can we do? Technology writer Jack Schofield said that “data doesn’t really exist unless you have at least two copies of it”, so it’s important that we keep backup copies of what is important to us – probably more than one. Academic Paul Royster suggests that we should all take time to consider what content we personally believe is worth saving. Perhaps the answer is just to avoid digital altogether. Science and Technology writer Chris Baranaiuk calls for a cultural movement towards buying analogue copies of cultural content. 词汇表 digitalisation 数字化 artefact 人工制品 material 材料 decay 腐蚀 data 数据 faded 褪色的 degrade 降质 format （计算机信息的）格式 obsolete 淘汰的，过时的 the cloud （网络）云   upload 上传的信息 streaming service 流媒体服务，在线收听或收看内容的服务 content 内容 go out of business 倒闭 licence 授予 preserve 保存，保留 discard 扔掉 backup copy 备份，备用副本 analogue （相对数字而言）实体的   测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What can physically happen to our computers and phones over time? 2. What is different in the way that a digital photograph decays compared to a physical photograph? 3. Why can some formats become impossible to read? 4. When can people lose access to content on streaming services? 5. What has changed in the way that we take photographs? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. _______ has made it much easier to share content with other people. Formats         Digitalisation          Data                         Licenses 2. Hard drives can _______ over time, leading to corrupted files. preserve         discard                 fade                   decay 3. Old devices can become _______. obsolete      decay             degrade             discard 4. Photographs, books and films are all kinds of _______. digitalisation    content               format          licence 5. Storing your _______ on a cloud service can help preserve them. analogues       formats            uploads          streaming services 答案 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What can physically happen to our computers and phones over time? The materials that phones and computers are made of decay over time. 2. What is different in the way that a digital photograph decays compared to a physical photograph? Physical photographs can still be seen, even when the colours have faded. Digital photograph files may quickly become impossible to open. 3. Why can some formats become impossible to read?  Formats can become obsolete over time. 4. When can people lose access to content on streaming services? Streaming services can decide to remove content, or they can go out of business. 5. What has changed in the way that we take photographs? We take far more photographs than people did in the past. 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Digitalisation has made it much easier to share content with other people. 2. Hard drives can decay over time, leading to corrupted files. 3. Old devices can become obsolete. 4. Photographs, books and films are all kinds of content. 5. Storing your uploads on a cloud service can help preserve them. 【文本翻译】就在几十年前，如果有成千上万的照片、歌曲和电影触手可及，那似乎会令人惊叹不已，但这些文件能保存多久并可供使用呢？如今文化制品的数字化会不会给我们的记忆加上时间限制？ 手机和电脑的制造材料会随着时间的推移而老化，影响它们所存储的数据。褪色的照片中图像仍然可见，但当数字数据退化时，可能很快就会导致甚至无法打开一个文件。此外，随着格式和设备的过时，可能无法读取几十年前的文件。 将信息存储在云端也可能会出现问题。大公司仍可能丢失数据。2019 年，社交媒体平台 MySpace 承认丢失了用户超过 12 年的音乐上传内容。音乐、电视和电影流媒体服务的广泛使用意味着人们不再拥有他们观看和收听的内容，他们只是为访问权付费。如果流媒体公司决定删除内容或倒闭，用户将失去访问权限。 授权而非购买内容是我们对待数字内容的行为发生变化的一个例子。另一个例子是我们拍摄的照片比过去的人多得多。这意味着，除了要应对保护数据安全的挑战外，人们还必须考虑要保留什么以及可以丢弃什么。 那么，我们能做些什么呢？科技作家杰克·斯科菲尔德说：“除非你至少有两份数据副本，否则数据实际上并不存在”，所以对我们来说重要的是要保留重要内容的备份副本——可能不止一份。学者保罗·罗伊斯特建议，我们都应该花时间考虑我们个人认为值得保存的内容。也许答案就是完全避免数字化。科技作家克里斯·巴拉奈克呼吁开展一场文化运动，购买文化内容的模拟副本。 语法专题 语法精选----非谓语动词 动词不定式 1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.  作状语  不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语） 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" 　　 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it.  A. carrying   B. carries   C. carry   D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble.  A. not to smile  B. to smile     C. not to laugh   D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词 动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry.  —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.  动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 现在分词与过去分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe 现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 即学即练 1．（2022·上海·中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。 考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。 2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。 考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。 3．（2021·上海·中考真题）Michael and his friends practise ________ table tennis after school every day. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克尔和他的朋友们每天放学后练习打乒乓球。 考查非谓语动词。practice/practise doing sth练习做某事，因此用动名词作宾语，故选C。 4．（2021·上海·中考真题）The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday. A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．to finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。 考查非谓语动词。finish完成，动词原形；finishes完成，动词第三人称单数；finishing完成，动词现在分词/动名词；to finish完成，动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故选D。 5．（2020·上海·中考真题）Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal． A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 【答案】D 【详解】句意：医生告诉我们饭前饭后要洗手． 考查动词非谓语的用法。根据句型tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，可知不定式to do做宾补。故选D。 【点睛】熟悉不定式的用法，结合题意，给出答案。 6．（2020·上海·中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company． A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。 考查非谓语动词。discuss原形；discussed一般过去式、过去分词；discussing动名词、现在分词；to discuss不定式；keep doing sth 继续做某事，可知此处填动名词；故选C。 7．（2019·上海·中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A．take B．taken C．to take D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我外出度假时，你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗？ A. take带去，原形；B. taken带去，过去分词；C. to take带去，动词不定式；D. taking带去，现在分词。短语take care of…表示照顾；Would you mind doing sth.表示你介意做某事吗？根据题意，故选D。 8．（2019·上海·中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：主人在聚会上讲了一个笑话，逗得客人大笑。 A. laugh笑；原形；B. laughing笑，现在分词；C. to laugh笑，动词不定式；D. laughed笑，过去式。短语make sb. do sth.表示使某人做某事。根据题意，故选A。 9．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：周先生擅长烹饪，他决定开一家属于自己的餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，固定搭配。故答案为C。 10．（2018·上海·中考真题）Sue practices______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：苏练习小提琴很刻苦，经常会有一些精彩的表演。practice doing sth.练习做某事。故答案为D。 11．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivian refuses ___________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：Vivian拒绝把她的孩子送到周末补习班去补课。refuse拒绝，后接名词、代词和动词不定式。refuse to do sth.意为拒绝做某事。A. to send动词不定式；B. sending动名词形式；C. sent是send的过去式；D. sends是三单形式。故选A。 考点：考查动词不定式。 12．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．to fix 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工人们最近忙着给新大楼安装窗户。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，是个固定短语，busy后接动名词形式。故选C。 13．（2016·上海·中考真题）I can't tell you what she said. I've promised ________ it a secret. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不能告诉你她说的话，我答应了保守秘密。keep保持，保守，动词原形；to keep动词不定式；keeping动名词形式；kept是keep的过去式。这句话的谓语动词是promise，承诺，答应，常用于句型promise to do sth.答应去做某事，故应选B。 14．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martin was so busy ______ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。A. helping动词的ingr形式；B. helped动词的过去式；C.to help 动词不定式；D. help动词原形。be busy doing sth,忙于做某事。结合所给选项的形式，故选A。 15．（2015·上海·中考真题） My friend invited me ______ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A．join B．to join C．joined D．joining 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A. join动词原形；B.to join 动词不定式；C. joined 动词过去式；D.joining动词的ing形式。 invite sb to do sth，邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 【考点定位】考查动词不定式的用法。 16．（2014·上海·中考真题）Harry has decided    __________ an online shop after graduating from school. A．open B．to open C．opened D．opening 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从学校毕业之后，哈利决定开一家网店。decide后面一般接带to的动词不定式作宾语，故选B。 17．（2013·上海·中考真题）The retired couple enjoy_____photos.They always go out with their cameras A．take B．took C．to take D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这对退休夫妇喜欢拍照。他们总是带着照相机出去。 enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事。故选D。 18．（2014·上海·中考真题）I wouldn’t mind______a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A．having B．to have C．have D．had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不介意有一个室友.我们能互相帮助，也能省钱。Mind doing sth介意做某事，动名词作宾语表示抽象动作，故选A。 19．（2013·上海·中考真题）Even Tony’s granddaughter，a five-year-old girl，asked him__________ smoking． A．give up B．gave up C．to give up D．giving up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：甚至是托尼的外孙女，一个五岁的女孩，都要求他戒烟。Ask后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语，结合语境可知选C。 20．（2016·上海·中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：读完这个故事后，爱丽丝给校报写了一篇评论。 考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语，是固定表达。故选D。 21．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）We have to practise _______ English more often. It’s useful when we’re at work. A．to speak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们必须更经常地练习说英语。这在我们工作的时候很有用。 考查非谓语动词。practise doing sth.“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 22．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m so hungry. I need something _______. A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．eaten 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很饿。我需要一些吃的东西。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I’m so hungry. I need something”可知，此处指需要吃一些东西，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰“something”。故选B。 23．（2024·上海崇明·二模）The headmaster requires the students _________ school uniforms on weekdays. A．wear B．wearing C．wears D．to wear 【答案】D 【详解】句意：校长要求学生在工作日穿校服。 考查非谓语动词。require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，故选D。 24．（2024·上海崇明·二模）You should practise _________ from now on if you want to win the race. A．run B．running C．runs D．to run 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想赢得比赛，你应该从现在起练习跑步。 考查非谓语动词。parctise doing sth.“练习做某事”，所以设空处选填动名词形式。故选B。 25．（2024·上海宝山·二模）Anna is considering ________ to New Zealand for further study next summer holidays. A．go B．went C．to go D．going 【答案】D 【详解】句意：安娜正在考虑明年暑假去新西兰深造。 考查非谓语。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，是固定搭配。故选D。 26．（2024·上海宝山·二模）Michael expected ________ the basketball match so he trained hard day and night. A．to win B．winning C．win D．won 【答案】A 【详解】句意：迈克尔希望赢得这场篮球比赛，所以他夜以继日地刻苦训练。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Michael expected...”可知，expect to do sth“期待做某事”。故选A。 27．（2024·上海静安·二模）We are considering ________ an Environment Day in our school. A．organize B．to organize C．organizing D．organized 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们正在考虑在学校组织一个环境日。 考查非谓语动词。organize组织；to organize动词不定式；organizing现在分词或动名词形式；organized过去式或过去分词形式。consider doing sth. “考虑做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 28．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）We should often review our notes after class to avoid ________ the same mistakes. A．make B．to make C．made D．making 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该经常在课后复习笔记，以避免犯同样的错误。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 29．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）The professor suggested that the students consider ________ more research on the topic. A．do B．doing C．to do D．done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教授建议学生们考虑就这个课题做更多的研究。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前consider可知，此处考查consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 30．（2024·上海金山·二模）Last December, China allowed Malaysian tourists the country for 15 days without a visa. (签证) A．enter B．to enter C．enters D．entered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年12月，中国允许马来西亚游客免签证入境15天。 考查非谓语动词。结合语境及“allowed Malaysian tourists…”可知，此处是指“允许某人做某事”，其英文表达为“allow sb. to do sth.”。故选B。 31．（2024·上海金山·二模）As we all know, it’s impolite to keep others ________ for a long time. A．wait B．to wait C．waited D．waiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们都知道，让别人等很长时间是不礼貌的。 考查非谓语动词。keep sb doing sth.让某人保持做某事，是固定短语，此处用动名词形式。故选D。 32．（2024·上海青浦·二模）The volunteers offered ________ the dripping taps in this housing estate. A．to fix B．fixing C．fix D．fixed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：志愿者们主动提出要修理这个住宅区滴水的水龙头。 考查非谓语动词。fix“修理”，根据“offered”可知，考查offer to do“提出要做某事”，因此设空处填不定式。故选A。 33．（2024·上海松江·二模）Never expect others ________ your mind. Just tell them what you want. A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：永远不要指望别人能读懂你的心思。告诉他们你想要什么。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 34．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Would you like ________ out for a while to relax yourself and have some fun? A．go B．to go C．going D．gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你想出去放松一下，找点乐子吗？ 考查非谓语动词。根据would like to do sth.“想要做某事”可知，此处应用动词不定式to go。故选B。 35．（2024·上海松江·二模）Sara is used to ________ a glass of water when she gets up in the morning. A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．drank 【答案】C 【详解】句意：萨拉习惯早上起床时喝一杯水。 考查非谓语。drink喝，动词原形； drinks喝，第三人称单数；drinking喝，现在分词或动名词； drank喝，过去式。根据句意和“is used to”可知，此处指萨拉习惯早上起床时喝水，考查短语be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词。故选C。 36．（2024·上海青浦·二模）When the police asked the doorkeeper about the theft, he denied ________ any stranger. A．to see B．seeing C．see D．saw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当警察向看门人询问盗窃案时，他否认看到任何陌生人。 考查非谓语动词。根据“denied”可知，deny doing sth“否认做某事”，因此设空处填动名词seeing。故选B。 37．（2024·上海闵行·二模）Aunt Lily encouraged me ________ calligraphy (书法) when I was six years old. A．learn B．learning C．learned D．to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我六岁时，莉莉阿姨鼓励我去学习书法。 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 38．（2024·上海虹口·二模）The headmaster said, “I expect my students ________ different cultures in their future life.” A．experience B．to experience C．experiencing D．experienced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：校长说：“我希望我的学生在他们未来的生活中去感受不同的文化。” 考查动词不定式的用法。expect sb to do希望某人做某事，此处应填to experience作宾语补足语。故选B。 39．（2024·上海虹口·二模）Cindy, would you mind ________ me a lift to work tomorrow morning? A．giving B．to give C．give D．given 【答案】A 【详解】句意：辛迪，你介意明天早上让我搭个便车去上班吗？ 考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，应用动名词形式，故选A。 40．（2024·上海普陀·二模）Every time I pass by her office, she’s busy __________ something. A．do B．to do C．done D．doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每次我经过她的办公室，她都在忙着做什么。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 41．（2024·上海普陀·二模）We hope __________ anything unpleasant from happening. A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevented 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们希望防止任何不愉快的事情发生。 考查非谓语。prevent阻止，原形；to prevent不定式；preventing动名词；prevented过去式。hope to do“希望做某事”，故选B。 42．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）Citizens in modern cities should consider ________ electric cars instead of fuel cars when going to work every day. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现代城市的市民每天上班时应该考虑使用电动汽车而不是燃油车。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 43．（2024·上海闵行·二模）You should avoid ________ on the underground. It’s impolite and also against the rules. A．eat B．eating C．ate D．to eat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该避免在地铁上吃东西。这是不礼貌的，也是违反规定的。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 44．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）As a lover of Chinese culture, Tina keeps videos to learn about real life in China. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：作为一个热爱中国文化的人，蒂娜一直看视频来了解中国的真实生活。 考查非谓语。此处考查keep doing sth.表示“一直做某事”，为固定搭配。故选B。 45．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）The talk show was so funny that it made the audience ________ from time to time. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughed D．laughing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个脱口秀节目非常有趣，不时地使观众发笑。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，made为使役动词，此处应用省略to的不定式结构，作宾补。故选A。 46．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Look! Those little ants are busy _______ their food for the winter. A．collect B．collected C．collecting D．to collect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！那些小蚂蚁正忙着收集过冬的食物。 考查非谓语动词。根据“are busy ... their food”可知，是be busy doing sth“忙着做某事”，空处用动名词。故选C。 47．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Some scientists suggest ________ at an early age, but others do not. A．write B．to write C．writing D．to writing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一些科学家建议在很小的时候就开始写作，但另一些科学家则不然。 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，所以设空处选填动名词形式。故选C。 48．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Many people failed ________ home in time for New Year’s Eve dinner because of the heavy snow. A．arrive B．arriving C．to arrive D．to arriving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于大雪，许多人没能及时赶回家吃年夜饭。 考查不定式作宾语。根据“failed...home in time for New Year’s Eve dinner because of the heavy snow”可知，考查fail to do sth“未能做某事”，故选C。 49．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Try to avoid _________ that way. You might hurt other people. A．speaking B．to speak C．speak D．spoken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽量避免那样说话。你可能会伤害到其他人。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，应用动名词作宾语，故选A。 50．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）It’s a custom for the Chinese _________ a gift for friends when visiting them. A．bring B．bringing C．to bring D．brought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：拜访朋友时给他们带礼物是中国人的一种习俗。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s a custom for the Chinese ... a gift for friends”可知，此处是it is a custom for sb to do sth“做某事对某人来说是一种习俗”，it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故选C。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （2023九年级下·上海静安·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Cell phones have become one of the most useful devices in the past half century. The first cell phone had only one use—calling someone. Today’s smart-phones are really minicomputers that allow users to do many things at once. People can send t 1 and emails, listen to music, take pictures and videos, and find information online. Cell phones are perfect for learning in school. For example, students can find information on the Internet, s 2 math problems and share notes. They can use calendars and alarms for reminders about homework, projects, and tests. They can even share ideas on social media. Some schools don’t allow cell phones b 3 they think the phones can distract students from their work. Some teachers worry that students won’t pay attention and will need to be reminded to put down their phones. They also worry that students will spend lunches and recess playing games or using social media. Kids could miss out on quality time spent with friends. Teachers and parents also worry about students using phones to cheat on tests or bully others. Cheating is unfair and does not help students learn. Bullying h 4 classmates. Studies show that younger students are more likely to be bulled if they have cell phones. However, researchers have found that most parents and teachers want students to have phones. It is important for parents and children to be able to keep in touch. Teachers like using phones during lessons because students are more interested and pay c 5 attention. Many teachers feel that the benefits outweigh the problems if students learn to use the cell phones c 6 . Teachers and parents can teach kids to use cell phones in a safe way that helps them learn new things. In class, phones should be s 7 and used only for lessons. Students should also track time spent on their phones and avoid using them too much. Students should be allowed to use cell phones in school. Setting good ground rules can improve learning for everyone. 【答案】1．(t)exts 2．(s)olve 3．(b)ecause 4．(h)urts 5．(c)loser 6．(c)orrectly 7．(s)tored 【导语】本文主要讨论了应不应该让学生在学校使用智能手机的问题。 1．句意：人们可以发送短信和电子邮件，听音乐，拍照和视频，并在网上查找信息。根据“People can send ... and emails”及首字母和常识可知，手机可以发短信，text“短信”，此处应用复数形式，与emails形成并列关系，故填(t)exts。 2．句意：例如，学生可以在互联网上找到信息，解决数学问题和分享笔记。根据“math problems”及首字母可知，应是解决问题，solve“解决”，此处与“find information”是并列关系，所以用动词原形，故填(s)olve。 3．句意：一些学校不允许学生使用手机，因为他们认为手机会分散学生的学习注意力。空后“they think the phones can distract students from their work他们认为手机会分散学生的注意力”是空前“不允许学生使用手机”的原因，所以应用because引导原因状语从句，故填(b)ecause 4．句意：欺凌会伤害同学。根据“Bullying... classmates”及首字母和常识可知，欺凌会使学生收到伤害，hurt“使受伤”，时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语动词用三单形式，故填(h)urts。 5．句意：老师们喜欢在课堂上使用手机，因为学生们更感兴趣，注意力也更集中。空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词attention。根据“more interested and pay ...attention”及首字母可知，感兴趣的话，注意力也会更集中，pay close attention“集中注意力”，由“more interested”可知，空处应用close的比较级closer，故填(c)loser。 6．句意：许多老师认为，如果学生学会正确使用手机 ，利会大于弊.。根据“the benefits outweigh the problems”及首字母可知，应是说正确使用手机的话，会利大于弊，空处应填副词correctly“正确地”修饰动词use，故填(c)orrectly。 7．句意：在课堂上，手机应该储存起来，只用于功课。根据“phones should be... and used only for lessons”及首字母可知，应是上课时，手机应被存放起来，store“存放”，should be后应跟过去分词构成被动语态，故填(s)tored。 PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末） Many teens aren’t getting enough sleep. According to a U. S. survey, more than one in five teens have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Here, some 8 experts (专家) are offering tips to help teens get a better night’s sleep. Sonal Malhotra Small changes can often make a big difference. Try changing one bad sleep habit at a time. For example, 9 having a big meal close to bedtime or make sure your room is dark and comfortable. It’s not possible to change everything all at once. If you can change one habit even several nights a week, that’s great. Lisa Damour We have plenty of research showing how damaging technology is to sleep. No one—children or adults—should have a phone in their bedroom at night. If that’s too hard for you, you can start with some easier ways to 10 the damage of nighttime screen time. Passive use, like watching a show, is better than active use, like gaming. Judith Owens Many of you like to get up late 11 . This can affect your weekday sleep. On Sunday night, you haven’t been awake long enough to fall asleep at the right time. You’ll then have trouble getting up for school on Monday morning. Then your whole sleep schedule just gets out of 12 . Dave Anderson Like adults, some teens may have a lot of 13 on their minds: “Oh, no! I still have so much work to do. If I don’t get enough sleep, I’ll fail my test tomorrow!” If you are one of these teens, try keeping a diary. Write down what you did today and what you plan to do tomorrow. You can also just write about your worries. It can help you get rid of them. 8．A．computer B．insurance C．health D．gardening 9．A．avoid B．enjoy C．finish D．keep 10．A．cause B．compare C．recognize D．reduce 11．A．on time B．on weekends C．at noon D．at work 12．A．control B．date C．trouble D．work 13．A．ambitions B．experiments C．plans D．worries 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 【导语】本文介绍了一些有助于睡眠的方法。 8．句意：在这里，一些健康专家提供了一些建议来帮助青少年获得更好的睡眠。 computer电脑；insurance保险；health健康；gardening园艺。根据“get a better night’s sleep.”可知是健康专家。故选C。 9．句意：例如，避免在临睡前吃大餐，或者确保你的房间黑暗舒适。 avoid避免；enjoy享受；finish完成；keep保持。根据“having a big meal close to bedtime”可知应该避免睡前吃大餐。故选A。 10．句意：如果这对你来说太难了，你可以从一些更简单的方法开始，减少晚上看屏幕的时间对你的伤害。 cause导致；compare比较；recognize认出；reduce减少。根据“the damage of nighttime screen time”可知采用简单的方法减少伤害。故选D。 11．句意：你们中的许多人喜欢在周末晚起。 on time准时；on weekends周末；at noon中午；at work起作用。根据“This can affect your weekday sleep.”可知这里指的是周末晚起。故选B。 12．句意：然后你的整个睡眠时间表就会失去控制。 control控制；date日期；trouble麻烦；work工作。根据“You’ll then have trouble getting up for school on Monday morning.”可知是睡眠时间表失去控制。故选A。 13．句意：像成年人一样，一些青少年可能会有很多担忧。 ambitions野心；experiments实验；plans计划；worries担忧。根据“Oh, no! I still have so much work to do. If I don’t get enough sleep, I’ll fail my test tomorrow!”可知是有很多担忧。故选D。 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 quarter ['kwɔːtə(r)] n. 四分之一，一刻钟 2 question ['kwestʃən] n. 问题 3 quickly ['kwɪkli] adv． 快地；迅速地 4 quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv. 安静地 5 quiz [kwɪz] n． 测验 6 rainy ['reɪni] a. 下雨的；多雨的 7 rarely ['reəli] adv. 罕有，很少，不常 8 raise [reɪz] vt. 使升高；饲养 9 rather ['rɑːðə(r)] ad. 相当，宁可 10 review [rɪ'vjuː] vt/n. 回顾；复习；评论 11 realise (美 realize) ['rɪəlaɪz] vt. 认识到，实现 12 require [rɪ'kwaɪə(r)] vt. 需求；要求 13 receive [rɪ'siːv] v. 收到，得到 14 recent ['riːsnt] a. 近来的，最近的 15 recognize ['rekəɡnaɪz] v. 辨认出；认识 16 recite [rɪ'saɪt] v. 背诵 17 responsible [rɪ'spɒnsəbl] adj． 负责的；有责任的 18 reduce [rɪ'djuːs] v． 减少；缩减 19 reference ['refrəns] n. 编号，参考 20 refuse [rɪ'fjuːz] vt 拒绝，不愿 21 regard [rɪ'ɡɑːd] v. 把……看作 22 regular ['reɡjələ(r)] adj. 规则的，经常 23 relax [rɪ'læks] v. (使)放松，轻松 24 rely [rɪ'laɪ] v． 依靠 ◆25 rainbow [ˈreɪnbəʊ] n. 彩虹 ◆26 rapid [ˈræpɪd] adj． 迅速的 ◆27 regret [rɪˈɡret] v． 后悔；遗憾 ◆28 remain [rɪˈmeɪn] v． 保持；仍然是 ◆29 recommend [ˌrekəˈmend] v. 推荐；举荐 ◆30 risk [ˈdɪdʒɪtl] v. 危险；冒着……的危险 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. He put on his coat and went out ______. (quick) 2. I often see many students reading ______ in the school library during the lunch break. (quiet) 3. Danny has worked as a newspaper ______ for a couple of years. (report) 4. I haven't received any letters from Mary ______. (recent) 5. Tim saw a bank ______ in the city last night. (rob) 6. This magazine has a number of ______. (read) 7. If you want to get good marks, you should ______ the lessons every day. (revision) 8. Someone phoned the police that two young men were planning to ______ a bank. (robbery) 9. The man on the court denied that he was ______ for the crime. (responsibility) 10. I still remember meeting my best friend for the first time on a ______ day. (rain) 11. There have been many changes in our school in ______ years. (recently) 12. Mike has a high sense of ______ towards his work. (responsible) 13.After the earthquake, the people began to __________their homes.(build) 14.Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy _____________.(refer) 15. The population of the little town has ______ decreased from 60,000 to 80,000 since 2003. (rapid ) 【答案】 1. quickly 2.quietly 3.reporter 4.recently 5.robbery 6.readers 7.review 8.rob 9. responsible 10.rainy 11.recent 12.responsibility 13. rebuild 14.reference 15.rapidly 词组默写 261.捉弄 262.玩耍，摆弄 263.大量的，充足的 264.指出 265.为某事表扬某人 266.(比起………来)更喜欢 267.准备 268.阻止……做某事 269.保护……免受 270.向……提供 271.延期 272.穿上;戴上;上演 273.扑灭 274.举起;挂起 275.参考;涉及;指的是 276.依靠 277.逃跑 278.用完，耗尽 279.挽救某人的生命 280.搜寻;搜查 261. play a trick on 262. play with 263. plenty of 264. point out 265. praise sb. for sth. 266.prefer...to 267. prepare for 268. prevent...from 269.protect...from 270.provide...with 271. put off 272. put on 273. put out 274. put up 275. refer to 276.rely on 277. run away 278. run out of 279. save one's life 280. search for 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$