13讲：外刊精选+语法专题【时态语态综合】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母0】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第十三讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（时态语态综合）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、词汇打卡(字母O) 外刊精选 How to cope with homesickness 何以解乡愁？ 古诗中说道：独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。作客他乡，有时确实会分外想家。为什么人们会产生思乡之情？有哪些方法可以帮助你适应新的环境并正确地应对乡愁？本文探讨游子思乡的原因和难过时调整心情的方法。 Starting a dream job in a new city, winning a place at a prestigious university abroad or being able to travel for an extended period. All fantastic opportunities, but they can leave us feeling sad and alone. What is homesickness and what can we do about it? Homesickness is mentioned in Homer’s Odyssey – it’s nothing new. Common symptoms include sadness, anxiety and irritability. It also can trigger self-protection responses causing people to withdraw from activities and become apathetic and unmotivated. Homesickness can affect anyone, but there are some factors that can make people more resilient when faced by it. Clinical psychologist Christopher Thurber and healthcare professional Edward Walton, tell us that positive previous experiences of being away from home, an optimistic outlook and a settled home background can help people deal better with the condition. Homesickness can also be less severe when someone feels in control of their situation, rather than feeling that they have been forced to move. Regardless of these factors, homesickness does affect most people who move away from home. Psychologist Nilufar Ahmed recommends that people acknowledge homesickness, accept that it will happen and work through their feelings. Connections are important. Ahmed suggests people seek to fully involve themselves in their new surroundings, to focus on the positives of their new environment, get to know new people, and keep themselves active. She also suggests maintaining contact with home, through video chats or other means, and also to have reminders of home, such as familiar food. However, other psychologists, like Thurber and Walton, remind us that it’s important that these connections to home do not prevent people taking up new opportunities. Some form of homesickness is almost inevitable when we move to a new place. Understanding that this is the case, and taking small steps to lessen the impact, can help us make the most of new opportunities. 词汇表 abroad 在国外 extended period 长期 anxiety 焦虑 irritability 烦躁，易怒 self-protection 自我保护 withdraw 脱离，不再参与 apathetic 无兴趣的，冷漠的 unmotivated 无动力的，没有热情的 resilient 适应力强的 optimistic outlook 乐观的看法 settled 稳定的 work through 逐步处理、解决 connection （人与人的）联系 involve （使）参与 surroundings 周围环境 active 活跃的 maintain contact 保持联系 familiar 熟悉的 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. In which historical text is homesickness mentioned?  2. True or False? Homesickness can make people irritable. 3. What can self-protection responses to homesickness lead people to do? 4. What effect can previous good experiences of being away from home have? 5. Why can video chats be useful? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. What’s wrong? You’re so _______ today.     settled          apathetic         abroad            familiar 2. It’s important to _______ yourself in the local community.  withdraw                   involve          maintain           surround 3. All the news is good, so we can afford to be _______. resilient               negative          unmotivated              optimistic 4. It’s important to know how to _______ your problems. work through        maintain contact      extended period optimistic outlook        5. I’m feeling a lot of _______ about the situation. opportunities            anxiety         protection    connection 答案 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. In which historical text is homesickness mentioned?  Homesickness is mentioned in Homer’s Odyssey. 2. True or False? Homesickness can make people irritable. True. Common symptoms of homesickness include irritability. 3. What can self-protection responses to homesickness lead people to do? Homesickness can lead people to withdraw from activities and become apathetic and unmotivated.  4. What effect can previous good experiences of being away from home have? Positive previous experiences of being away from home can help people be more resilient in the face of homesickness. 5. Why can video chats be useful? Video chats can be useful to help maintain contact with home.   2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. What’s wrong? You’re so apathetic today. 2. It’s important to involve yourself in the local community. 3. All the news is good, so we can afford to be optimistic.  4. It’s important to know how to work through your problems. 5. I’m feeling a lot of anxiety about the situation. 【文本翻译】在新的城市开启理想的工作，在国外知名大学赢得一席之地，或者能够长时间旅行。这些都是极好的机会，但它们可能会让我们感到悲伤和孤独。什么是思乡之情，我们又能对此做些什么呢？ 思乡之情在荷马的《奥德赛》中就有提及——这并不是什么新鲜事。常见的症状包括悲伤、焦虑和易怒。它还可能引发自我保护反应，导致人们从活动中退缩，变得冷漠和缺乏动力。任何人都可能受到思乡之情的影响，但有一些因素可以让人在面对它时更有韧性。临床心理学家克里斯托弗·瑟伯和医疗保健专业人士爱德华·沃尔顿告诉我们，之前离家的积极经历、乐观的态度和稳定的家庭背景可以帮助人们更好地应对这种情况。当某人感觉能掌控自己的处境，而不是被迫迁移时，思乡之情可能也不会那么严重。 不管这些因素如何，思乡之情确实会影响大多数离家的人。心理学家尼鲁法尔·艾哈迈德建议人们承认思乡之情，接受它的发生，并处理自己的感受。联系很重要。艾哈迈德建议人们努力让自己完全融入新环境，关注新环境的积极方面，结识新朋友，并保持活跃。她还建议通过视频聊天或其他方式与家乡保持联系，也可以准备一些家乡的纪念品，比如熟悉的食物。然而，像瑟伯和沃尔顿这样的其他心理学家提醒我们，重要的是与家乡的这些联系不要妨碍人们抓住新的机会。 当我们搬到新的地方时，某种形式的思乡之情几乎是不可避免的。明白这一点，并采取小步骤来减轻其影响，可以帮助我们充分利用新的机会。 语法专题 语法精选----时态语态综合 时态/语态 定义 构成 例句 一般现在时 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作 主语 + 动词原形（当主语为第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式） I play basketball every day. She often goes shopping on weekends. 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 主语 + 动词的过去式 I went to Beijing last year. 现在进行时 表示正在进行的动作 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 I am reading a book now. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的动作 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock yesterday evening. 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或过去开始持续到现在的动作 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have already finished my homework. 过去完成时 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作 主语 + had + 过去分词 By the time I got to the station, the train had left. 一般将来时 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. She is going to have a party next week. 过去将来时 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 主语 + would + 动词原形 主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 He said he would come back the next day. They were going to visit the museum the following day. 一般现在时被动语态 表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时被动语态 表示过去某一时间的被动动作 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The house was built in 1980. 一般将来时被动语态 表示将来某一时间的被动动作 主语 + will be + 过去分词 主语 + am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 The meeting will be held next week. The sports meeting is going to be held next month. 含有情态动词的被动语态 表示具有某种情感和态度的被动动作 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work must be finished on time. 即学即练 （时态） 1．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022. A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回。 考查动词时态。根据“April 16, 2022”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。 2．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。 考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。 3．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）The headmaster is not available now. He ________ to the new teachers. A．speaks B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：校长现在没空。 他正和新来的老师讲话。 考查时态。根据now可知，此处用现在进行时are/am/is+doing，故选C。 4．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Last weekend, David ________ a visit to his grandparents in the countryside. A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末，大卫去农村看望了他的祖父母。 考查动词时态。根据“Last weekend”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。 5．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves. A．visited B．were visiting C．visit D．have visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年都有成千上万的游客到山区来放松自己。 考查动词的时态。visited过去式；were visiting过去进行时；visit参观，动词原形；have visited现在完成时。根据Every year“每年”可知，句子用一般现在时态，主语tourists复数，谓语动词用原形visit。故选C。 6．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday. A．would move B．was moving C．has moved D．had moved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天的这个时候迈克正在把家具搬进他的新居。 考查过去进行时。根据“this time yesterday”，可知句子是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语Mike是第三人称单数。故选B。 7．（2019·上海·中考真题）Look!They about the solution to the network problems again. A．argue B．are arguing C．argued D．were arguing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看，他们又在讨论解决网络问题的办法。 A. argue争吵；原形；B. are arguing正在争吵，现在进行时；C. argued争吵，过去式；D. were arguing争吵，过去进行时。根据Look!可知下文是现在进行时，其结构是is/are doing的形式，主语是they，be动词用are。根据题意，故选B。 8．（2019·上海·中考真题）By the end of last month，Jane enough money for the poor sick boy. A．raised B．would raise C．had raised D．has raised 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到上个月底，简已经为那个可怜的生病男孩筹到了足够的钱。 A. raised筹钱；B. would raise会筹钱；C. had raised已经筹钱；过去完成时；D. has raised已经筹钱，现在完成时。根据时间状语By the end of last month可知用过去完成时，其结构是had done的形式。根据题意，故选C。 9．（2018·上海·中考真题）The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon. A．last B．lasted C．will last D．has lasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：关于是否养宠物的争论昨天下午持续了四十分钟。根据 yesterday afternoon 可知此处时态应为一般过去时。故答案为B。 10．（2018·上海·中考真题）The film Operation Red Sea_____a lot of praise since its first show months ago. A．wins B．win C．will win D．has won 【答案】D 【详解】句意：红海行动自几个月前首映以来，赢得了很多好评。since its first show months ago是表示到目前为止的时间段，用在现在完成时态的句子中。故答案为D。 11．（2018·上海·中考真题）Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A．teach B．taught C．will teach D．was teaching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：米迦勒将于明年二月至六月在云南的一所学校任教。根据时间状语next year判断，句子的时态为一般将来时态，故答案为C。 12．（2017·上海·中考真题）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago. A．interview B．interviewed C．will interview D．had interviewed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：几位记者就这件国际案件在一小时前采访了律师。题目末尾的an hour ago一个钟头以前，表示过去的时间，句子要用一般过去时态。A/C/D分别是一般现在时、一般将来时和现在完成时。故选B。 13．（2017·上海·中考真题）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday. A．are chatting B．will chat C．were chatting D．have chatted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，一些交换生正在和他们的寄宿家庭聊天。 this time yesterday昨天的这个时间，表示过去的某个时间段内正在进行的动作。应该用过去进行时。A是现在进行时、B是一般将来时、D是现在完成时。故选C。 14．（2016·上海·中考真题）This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. A．is saving B．will save C．has saved D．had saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这种药物自从投入使用以来已经挽救了数百万人的生命。since后跟从句，表示“自……以来”，说明的是现在的状况,判断用现在完成时态，故答案为C。 15．（2015·上海·中考真题）Now Jerry ______ the exchange programme with his classmates in the meeting room. A．discussed B．is discussing C．was discussing D．has discussed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在杰里正在会议室和他的同班同学讨论交换生项目。A. discussed 一般过去时；B. is discussing 现在进行时；C. was discussing 过去进行时；D.has discussed现在完成时。根据now可知用现在进行时，故选B。 16．（2015·上海·中考真题） Tim told us that his company ______ robots to do some of the work. A．uses B．will use C．has used D．would use 【答案】D 【详解】句意：蒂姆告诉过我，他的公司会使用机器人做工作的一部分。宾语从句的结构：主语+谓语+连接词+从句。从句在句中作宾语。从句要用陈述句的语序。如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态，如果主句是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。但是从句是客观真理，一般用一般现在时态。该句主句是过去时态，根据句意可知从句动作还没有发生，所以用过去将来时，故选D。 17．（2014·上海·中考真题）By the end of last week, Maggie _____________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A．will stay B．has stayed C．would stay D．had stayed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到上周末为止， Maggie已经在中国西部待了两个月帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。根据句中时间状语By the end of last week是到上周末为止，即到过去时间为止已经完成的动作，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。 18．（2013·上海·中考真题）Look，so many passengers__________ with their smart phones on the underground． A．played B．will play C．are playing D．have played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看，这么多乘客在地铁上正在玩手机．结合语境可知本句描述的是现在正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时态，选Ｃ． 19．（2013·上海·中考真题）The schoolboy _________to the blind man on his Way home yesterday afternoon． A．apologizes B．apologized C．will apologize D．has apologized 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下午，在他回家的路上，这个男身向这个盲人道歉了。结合语境可知本句描述的是过去某时发生的动作，故用一般过去时态，选B。 20．（2012·上海·中考真题）Jenny told me that she __ an English Speech Contest the next month. A．takes part in B．is taking part in C．took part in D．would take part in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：珍妮告诉我她下个月将参加一个英语演讲比赛。由next month.可知是将来时，只有D是将来时，故答案选D。 （语态） 1．（2024·上海静安·二模）Grandpa never received my birthday gift. I’m afraid it ________ to the wrong address. A．delivers B．delivered C．be delivered D．was delivered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：爷爷从未收到过我的生日礼物。恐怕是寄错地址了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“it”指代“birthday gift”，与动词deliver“递送”是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合语境可知，句子为一般过去时，故应用“was+过去分词”的结构，表示一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 2．（2024·北京大兴·一模）Journey to the West ________ in the 16th century by Wu Cheng’en. A．writes B．wrote C．was written D．will be written 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《西游记》是吴承恩在16世纪写的。 考查动词时态。writes写，一般现在时；wrote一般过去时；was written一般过去时的被动语态；will be written一般将来时的被动语态。主语是“Journey to the West”与“写”之间存在被动关系，且是描述过去的事，需用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 3．（2024·河北保定·一模）Look! Different paintings ________ on the walls for everyone to enjoy. A．show B．were shown C．are shown D．have shown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！墙上展示着不同的画作，供大家欣赏。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 4．（23-24九年级下·江西景德镇·期中）The 2024 Olympic Games ________ in Paris, from July 26 to August 11, 2024. A．are held B．was held C．will be held D．have been held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2024年奥运会将于2024年7月26日至8月11日在巴黎举行。 考查时态和语态。根据“from July 26 to August 11, 2024”可知，从2024年7月26日至8月11日，2024年奥运会将在巴黎被举行，时态为一般将来时，语态为被动，主语为The 2024 Olympic Games，单数，谓语用“will be+动词过去分词”的结构，held为hold的过去分词。故选C。 5．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）A new kindergarten _________ in the local area in the coming year. A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明年将会有一所新的幼儿园在本地建造。 考查被动语态。is built被建立，为一般现在时的被动语态；was built过去被建立，为一般过去时的被动语态；has been built，已经被建立，为现在完成时的被动语态；will be built将被建立，为一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in the coming year”可知，本句时态为一般将来时，主语A new kindergarten是动作build的承受者，应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为will be +done。故选D。 6．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）Our school sports meeting ________ next month. Now we’re all looking forward to it. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．has been held 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校下个月将召开运动会。现在我们都很期待。 考查时态。is held一般现在时的被动语态；will be held一般将来时的被动语态；was held一般过去的被动语态；has been held现在完成时的被动语态。根据空后的“next month”可知，时态应用一般将来时。故选B。 7．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）It is reported that a new supermarket _______ in our community in about two years. A．be opened B．has been opened C．was opened D．will be opened 【答案】D 【详解】句意：据报道，两年后我们社区将会建一个新超市。 考查时态和语态。根据“in about two years”可知，要用一般将来时，且“supermarket”与“open”之间是被动关系，因此要用一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。 8．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）It is reported that the third airport ________ in Shanghai in two years. A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：据报道，上海将在两年内建造第三个机场。 考查时态和语态。根据“in two years”可知，表示两年内将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态，主语airport是谓语动词build的承受者，应用一般将来时被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构为wii+be+done。故选D。 9．（2024·上海松江·一模）The sea _________ if people keep throwing wastes into it. A．is polluted B．was polluted C．has been polluted D．will be polluted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果人们不停地往海里扔垃圾，大海就会被污染。 考查被动语态。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，故此处主句用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 10．（2023·上海浦东新·三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：简花了一半的零用钱用来买书。剩下的存起来以后用。 考查一般现在时的被动语态及主谓一致。由“spends”可知，句子应用一般现在时；又由“The rest”可知，此处是指剩下的零用钱，零用钱与动词“save”存在被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词过去分词，钱为不可数名词，be动词用is。故选A。 11．（2024·河北·中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 12．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老舍写了很多戏剧，被评为“人民艺术家”。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”，主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系，应为被动语态，结构是be done。故选C。 13．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种很多树。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系，结合“every year”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 14．（2024·安徽·中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。 考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系，结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。 15．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 16．（2024·云南·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在世界上讲汉语的人越来越多了。 考查一般现在时被动语态。句中的主语Chinese和speak是动宾关系，故用被动。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时，一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done，主语为Chinese，be动词用is。故选C。 17．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 18．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆，连接泸州和重庆的高速铁路有望在今年建成。——太棒了！我很期待！ 考查动词时态及被动语态。主语the high-speed railway与动词complete之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，高铁被建成，应为被动语态。根据“this year hopefully”及“I’m looking forward to it!”可知，高铁建成发生在将来，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 19．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学校的学生不允许单独在河里或湖里游泳。——确实。毕竟，安全必须放在第一位。 考查被动语态。结合语境，可知句子应用一般现在时。根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students“学生”与动词allow“允许”是被动关系。应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。 20．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Hanfu lovers ________ walking down the street in many cities. —Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture. A．can be found B．can find C．must be found D．must find 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在许多城市的大街上都能找到汉服爱好者。——嗯，穿汉服有助于了解中国文化。 考查被动语态。can能够；must必须。“Hanfu lovers”与find是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态，排除B和D选项。此处表示能在大街上找到汉服爱好者，故选A。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （20232九年级下·上海徐汇·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 If you suffer from shyness (羞怯), you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller families, with f 1 relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school. A s 2 environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study made in Japan, 57 percent of people rated (评估) t 3 as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, a person’s s 4 is credited externally to (表面上归因于) parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on ( 完全归咎于) the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely i 5 on group-shared decisions. Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has r 6 from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have taken the place of recreational activities that involve social interaction (涉及交际互动) for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants and shop assistants are no longer n 7 because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy. It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company. 【答案】1．(f)ewer 2．(s)econd 3．(t)hemselves 4．(s)uccess 5．(i)nstead 6．(r)isen 7．(n)ecessary 【导语】本文介绍了如果你感到羞怯，你并不孤单，因为羞怯是一种普遍现象。社会科学家正在探索其环境原因。 1．句意：如今的孩子成长在更小的家庭中，附近的亲戚越来越少。根据“Today’s children are growing up in smaller families”可知成长在更小的家庭，亲戚更少，fewer“更少的”，修饰可数名词复数。故填(f)ewer。 2．句意：造成个人害羞的第二个环境因素可能是一个人的文化。根据“The first environmental cause”可知此处指第二个环境因素，用second表示“第二”。故填(s)econd。 3．句意：在日本进行的一项大型研究中，57%的人认为自己害羞。根据“57 percent of people”可知是评估他们自己，用themselves表示“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。 4．句意：一种解释是，在日本，一个人的成功从外部归功于父母、祖父母、老师、教练和其他人，而失败则完全归咎于个人。根据“while failure is entirely blamed on the person”可知此处指成功归功于其他人，success“成功”，作主语。故填(s)uccess。 5．句意：因此，日本人学会了不在公共场合冒险，而是依赖集体共同的决定。根据“Japanese learn not to take risks in public”可知依赖于集体共同的决定，而不去冒险，用instead表示“代替，反而”。故填(i)nstead。 6．句意：近年来，在美国，自称害羞的年轻人数量从40%上升到50%。根据“from 40 percent to 50 percent”可知数量上升了，rise“上升”，has后接其过去分词形式risen，构成现在完成时。故填(r)isen。 7．句意：人们不再需要与银行职员、加油站服务员和店员进行面对面的交流，因为人们可以使用机器来办理银行业务、加油和订购商品。根据“because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods”可知不必要面对面交流，are后用形容词作表语，necessary“必要的”。故填(n)ecessary。 PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末）Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Should people walk where they want In most of England, walkers are limited to footpaths. More than 100 musicians, actors and writers wrote to the UK government, “In the books we write, the songs we sing, the art we make, we celebrate the important connection that we feel with nature. But that connection is 8 by the fences that surround (围绕) much of England’s land, stopping people from walking free.” Although in 2000, a law was passed to allow people to walk around 8% of England’s countryside. Some people say this isn’t good enough. Others point out that there are businesses that need to keep the land private. What do you think? Should people be allowed to walk wherever they like? YES! — Nature belongs to everyone Nowadays it is important for people to take a walk outdoors — for their mental and physical health. It encourages people and brings them 9 and relaxation. Yet this space is not enough and is now surrounded by fences. To get closer to nature, most people have to travel for miles. Everyone should be able to get close to nature 10 . Blue sky, flying birds and green tree-lined paths should not belong to any private organization or person. But the truth is that such a small number of people own such huge amounts of land. Among every eight British houses, one has no gardens. This isn’t 11 . NO! — The walking paths are enough The land isn’t just for people’s enjoyment or health. For many people, it means family’s whole-year income. 12 , farmers need fields to keep their animals, like sheep or bulls, for a living. Also, it isn’t safe for walkers to walk around because the land may have many hidden 13 such as wetlands and snakes. Moreover, walkers do not always show their respect. They leave gates open, litter everywhere, scare off birds and stand over plants. In fact, many people are not really looking for a connection with the wild. They just want a short walk with the nice scenery. The government should focus on making paths for walkers and leave the rest of the land alone. 8．A．rebuilt B．blocked C．linked D．supported 9．A．pleasure B．progress C．wisdom D．reference 10．A．faithfully B．carefully C．safely D．easily 11．A．common B．flexible C．fair D．guilty 12．A．After all B．For example C．What’s more D．As a result 13．A．memories B．enemies C．secrets D．dangers 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了英国没有将所有道路开放给行人行走，因此，有人提出应该开放更多，有人则表示反对。 8．句意：但是，这种联系被围绕在英国大部分土地上的栅栏挡住了，人们无法自由行走。 rebuilt重建；blocked阻塞，限制；linked连接；supported支撑。根据“that connection is ... by the fences that surround (围绕) much of England’s land”可知，是指栅栏限制了人们与自然的联系，故选B。 9．句意：它鼓励人们，给他们带来快乐和放松。 pleasure快乐； progress进步；wisdom智慧；reference参考。根据上文“Nowadays it is important for people to take a walk outdoors — for their mental and physical health.”可知，户外散步对身心健康很重要，所以是带来快乐和放松，故选A。 10．句意：每个人都应该能够轻松地接近自然。 faithfully忠诚地；carefully仔细地；safely安全地；easily容易地。根据下文“Blue sky, flying birds and green tree-lined paths should not belong to any private organization or person.”可知，蓝天、飞鸟、道路不应该属于任何私人组织或个人，所以人们应该是可以很容易地接近自然，故选D。 11．句意：这不公平。 common普通的；flexible灵活的；fair公平的；guilty有罪的，内疚的。根据上文“Among every eight British houses, one has no gardens.”可知，每八户人家中就有一户没有花园，这是不公平的，故选C。 12．句意：例如，农民需要田地来饲养牲畜，比如羊或牛，以维持生计。 After all毕竟；For example例如；What’s more而且；As a result结果。根据上文“For many people, it means family’s whole-year income.”可知，此处是举例说明农民饲养牲畜是家庭的全年收入。故选B。 13．句意：此外，步行者四处走动也不安全，因为这片土地可能存在许多危险，例如湿地和蛇。 memories记忆；enemies敌人；secrets秘密；dangers危险。根据“such as wetlands and snakes”可知，湿地和蛇是属于危险因素，故选D。 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 obey [ə'beɪ] v． 服从；顺从；听从 2 observe [əb'zɜːv] v. 观察；观测 3 occupation [ɒkju'peɪʃn] n． 职业 4 object ['ɒbdʒɪkt] n. 物，物体；宾语 5 ocean ['əʊʃn] n. 海洋 6 offer ['ɒfə(r)] vt& n. 提供，建议 7 office ['ɒfɪs] n. 办公室 ． 8 officer ['ɒfɪsə(r)] n. 军官；公务员；官员；警官 9 official [ə'fɪʃl] a．n. 官方的，政府的; 官员 10 operation [ɒpə'reɪʃn] n. 手术；操作 11 opinion [ə'pɪnjən] n． 观点，看法 12 opposite ['ɒpəzɪt] adj．prep． 在……对面；相对的；对立的 13 ordinary ['ɔːdnri] adj． 普通的，平常的 14 organization [ɔːɡənaɪ'zeɪʃn] n． 组织；团体；机构 15 organize ['ɔːɡənaɪz] v． 组织 16 overcoat ['əʊvəkəʊt] n. 大衣 17 owner ['əʊnə(r)] n. 物主，所有人 18 own [əʊn] v. 自己的;拥有，所有 19 order ['ɔːdə(r)] vt. n.. 定购，订货；点菜; 顺序 20 outdoor ['aʊtdɔː(r)] adj． 室外的 21 outside [aʊt'saɪd] n.ad. prep 外 面 在外面; 在……外面 22 online [ɒn'laɪn] adj&ad.v 在线的，在线地 23 Olympic [ə'lɪmpɪk] adj． n. 奥林匹克的;奥林匹克（运动会） 24 once [wʌns] n.&ad. conj. 一次， 一度，从前；一旦 25 oil [ɔɪl] n. 油 26 October [ɒk'təʊbə(r)] n. 十月 27 operate ['ɒpəreɪt] v． 动手术，开刀；操刀；运转 ◆28 object [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt] n． 物品；物体 ◆29 opera [ˈdaɪnɪŋ] n. 歌剧 ◆30 digital [ˈdɪdʒɪtl] adj.. 数字的；数码的 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 或首字母填空 1.Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after________(our). 2.Who is the________ (own) of this house? 3. There's a bus stop ________ (opposition)the house. 4. It’s important to make the good impression (印象) from the very ______ day. (one) 5. The American, Dave Farrow, could remember things quite well after seeing only ______. (one) 6. The doctor had an ______ on the patient’s heart. (operate) 7. He made a telescope (望远镜 ) through which he could __________ the stars.(observation) 8. Joan is my ______ sister, she often helps Mum with the housework. (old) 9. Doctor Wang will ______ on the wounded policeman at once. (operation) 10. According to the ______ figures, over one thousand people died during the disaster. (office) 11. He needs a secretary who can also ______ his life for him. (organization) 12. Two buildings were destroyed and some o__________ were damaged in the earthquake. 13. The aged artist achieved his ambition of holding a personal o__________ painting exhibition. 14. Many people felt the law was unfair, and refused to o__________ it. 15. What's the difference between robots and o__________ machines? 【答案】 1. ourselves 2. owner 3.opposite 4.first 5.once 6.operation 7. observe 8.elder 9.operate 10.official 11.organize 12.others 13.oil 14.obey 15.ordinary 词组默写 239. 平均;通常 240. 有事,出差 241. 步行;走路 244.在休假 245.在某人一边 246.在另一方面 247.在听电话 248.在去……的路上 249.准时 250.在工作日 251.每四年一次 252.再次 253.一个接一个，连续地 254.从……里出来;缺乏 255.过时 256.再三;一次次 257.注意 258.付……钱;买 259.挑选出 260.拾起 241.on average 242. on business 243.on foot 244. on holiday 245.on one's side 246. on the other hand 247. on the phone 248. on the / one's way (to) 249. on time 250. on weekdays 251. once every four years 252.once more/again 253. one after another254.out of 255. out of date 256.over and over 257. pay attention to 258. pay for 259. pick out 260. pick up 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十三讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（时态语态综合）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、词汇打卡(字母O) 外刊精选 How to cope with homesickness 何以解乡愁？ 古诗中说道：独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。作客他乡，有时确实会分外想家。为什么人们会产生思乡之情？有哪些方法可以帮助你适应新的环境并正确地应对乡愁？本文探讨游子思乡的原因和难过时调整心情的方法。 Starting a dream job in a new city, winning a place at a prestigious university abroad or being able to travel for an extended period. All fantastic opportunities, but they can leave us feeling sad and alone. What is homesickness and what can we do about it? Homesickness is mentioned in Homer’s Odyssey – it’s nothing new. Common symptoms include sadness, anxiety and irritability. It also can trigger self-protection responses causing people to withdraw from activities and become apathetic and unmotivated. Homesickness can affect anyone, but there are some factors that can make people more resilient when faced by it. Clinical psychologist Christopher Thurber and healthcare professional Edward Walton, tell us that positive previous experiences of being away from home, an optimistic outlook and a settled home background can help people deal better with the condition. Homesickness can also be less severe when someone feels in control of their situation, rather than feeling that they have been forced to move. Regardless of these factors, homesickness does affect most people who move away from home. Psychologist Nilufar Ahmed recommends that people acknowledge homesickness, accept that it will happen and work through their feelings. Connections are important. Ahmed suggests people seek to fully involve themselves in their new surroundings, to focus on the positives of their new environment, get to know new people, and keep themselves active. She also suggests maintaining contact with home, through video chats or other means, and also to have reminders of home, such as familiar food. However, other psychologists, like Thurber and Walton, remind us that it’s important that these connections to home do not prevent people taking up new opportunities. Some form of homesickness is almost inevitable when we move to a new place. Understanding that this is the case, and taking small steps to lessen the impact, can help us make the most of new opportunities. 词汇表 abroad 在国外 extended period 长期 anxiety 焦虑 irritability 烦躁，易怒 self-protection 自我保护 withdraw 脱离，不再参与 apathetic 无兴趣的，冷漠的 unmotivated 无动力的，没有热情的 resilient 适应力强的 optimistic outlook 乐观的看法 settled 稳定的 work through 逐步处理、解决 connection （人与人的）联系 involve （使）参与 surroundings 周围环境 active 活跃的 maintain contact 保持联系 familiar 熟悉的 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. In which historical text is homesickness mentioned?  2. True or False? Homesickness can make people irritable. 3. What can self-protection responses to homesickness lead people to do? 4. What effect can previous good experiences of being away from home have? 5. Why can video chats be useful? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. What’s wrong? You’re so _______ today.     settled          apathetic         abroad            familiar 2. It’s important to _______ yourself in the local community.  withdraw                   involve          maintain           surround 3. All the news is good, so we can afford to be _______. resilient               negative          unmotivated              optimistic 4. It’s important to know how to _______ your problems. work through        maintain contact      extended period optimistic outlook        5. I’m feeling a lot of _______ about the situation. opportunities            anxiety         protection    connection 【文本翻译】在新的城市开启理想的工作，在国外知名大学赢得一席之地，或者能够长时间旅行。这些都是极好的机会，但它们可能会让我们感到悲伤和孤独。什么是思乡之情，我们又能对此做些什么呢？ 思乡之情在荷马的《奥德赛》中就有提及——这并不是什么新鲜事。常见的症状包括悲伤、焦虑和易怒。它还可能引发自我保护反应，导致人们从活动中退缩，变得冷漠和缺乏动力。任何人都可能受到思乡之情的影响，但有一些因素可以让人在面对它时更有韧性。临床心理学家克里斯托弗·瑟伯和医疗保健专业人士爱德华·沃尔顿告诉我们，之前离家的积极经历、乐观的态度和稳定的家庭背景可以帮助人们更好地应对这种情况。当某人感觉能掌控自己的处境，而不是被迫迁移时，思乡之情可能也不会那么严重。 不管这些因素如何，思乡之情确实会影响大多数离家的人。心理学家尼鲁法尔·艾哈迈德建议人们承认思乡之情，接受它的发生，并处理自己的感受。联系很重要。艾哈迈德建议人们努力让自己完全融入新环境，关注新环境的积极方面，结识新朋友，并保持活跃。她还建议通过视频聊天或其他方式与家乡保持联系，也可以准备一些家乡的纪念品，比如熟悉的食物。然而，像瑟伯和沃尔顿这样的其他心理学家提醒我们，重要的是与家乡的这些联系不要妨碍人们抓住新的机会。 当我们搬到新的地方时，某种形式的思乡之情几乎是不可避免的。明白这一点，并采取小步骤来减轻其影响，可以帮助我们充分利用新的机会。 语法专题 语法精选----时态语态综合 时态/语态 定义 构成 例句 一般现在时 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作 主语 + 动词原形（当主语为第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式） I play basketball every day. She often goes shopping on weekends. 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 主语 + 动词的过去式 I went to Beijing last year. 现在进行时 表示正在进行的动作 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 I am reading a book now. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的动作 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock yesterday evening. 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或过去开始持续到现在的动作 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have already finished my homework. 过去完成时 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作 主语 + had + 过去分词 By the time I got to the station, the train had left. 一般将来时 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. She is going to have a party next week. 过去将来时 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 主语 + would + 动词原形 主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 He said he would come back the next day. They were going to visit the museum the following day. 一般现在时被动语态 表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时被动语态 表示过去某一时间的被动动作 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The house was built in 1980. 一般将来时被动语态 表示将来某一时间的被动动作 主语 + will be + 过去分词 主语 + am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 The meeting will be held next week. The sports meeting is going to be held next month. 含有情态动词的被动语态 表示具有某种情感和态度的被动动作 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work must be finished on time. 即学即练 （时态） 1．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022. A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned 2．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 3．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）The headmaster is not available now. He ________ to the new teachers. A．speaks B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking 4．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Last weekend, David ________ a visit to his grandparents in the countryside. A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid 5．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves. A．visited B．were visiting C．visit D．have visited 6．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday. A．would move B．was moving C．has moved D．had moved 7．（2019·上海·中考真题）Look!They about the solution to the network problems again. A．argue B．are arguing C．argued D．were arguing 8．（2019·上海·中考真题）By the end of last month，Jane enough money for the poor sick boy. A．raised B．would raise C．had raised D．has raised 9．（2018·上海·中考真题）The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon. A．last B．lasted C．will last D．has lasted 10．（2018·上海·中考真题）The film Operation Red Sea_____a lot of praise since its first show months ago. A．wins B．win C．will win D．has won 11．（2018·上海·中考真题）Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A．teach B．taught C．will teach D．was teaching 12．（2017·上海·中考真题）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago. A．interview B．interviewed C．will interview D．had interviewed 13．（2017·上海·中考真题）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday. A．are chatting B．will chat C．were chatting D．have chatted 14．（2016·上海·中考真题）This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. A．is saving B．will save C．has saved D．had saved 15．（2015·上海·中考真题）Now Jerry ______ the exchange programme with his classmates in the meeting room. A．discussed B．is discussing C．was discussing D．has discussed 16．（2015·上海·中考真题） Tim told us that his company ______ robots to do some of the work. A．uses B．will use C．has used D．would use 17．（2014·上海·中考真题）By the end of last week, Maggie _____________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A．will stay B．has stayed C．would stay D．had stayed 18．（2013·上海·中考真题）Look，so many passengers__________ with their smart phones on the underground． A．played B．will play C．are playing D．have played 19．（2013·上海·中考真题）The schoolboy _________to the blind man on his Way home yesterday afternoon． A．apologizes B．apologized C．will apologize D．has apologized 20．（2012·上海·中考真题）Jenny told me that she __ an English Speech Contest the next month. A．takes part in B．is taking part in C．took part in D．would take part in （语态） 1．（2024·上海静安·二模）Grandpa never received my birthday gift. I’m afraid it ________ to the wrong address. A．delivers B．delivered C．be delivered D．was delivered 2．（2024·北京大兴·一模）Journey to the West ________ in the 16th century by Wu Cheng’en. A．writes B．wrote C．was written D．will be written 3．（2024·河北保定·一模）Look! Different paintings ________ on the walls for everyone to enjoy. A．show B．were shown C．are shown D．have shown 4．（23-24九年级下·江西景德镇·期中）The 2024 Olympic Games ________ in Paris, from July 26 to August 11, 2024. A．are held B．was held C．will be held D．have been held 5．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）A new kindergarten _________ in the local area in the coming year. A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built 6．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）Our school sports meeting ________ next month. Now we’re all looking forward to it. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．has been held 7．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）It is reported that a new supermarket _______ in our community in about two years. A．be opened B．has been opened C．was opened D．will be opened 8．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）It is reported that the third airport ________ in Shanghai in two years. A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built 9．（2024·上海松江·一模）The sea _________ if people keep throwing wastes into it. A．is polluted B．was polluted C．has been polluted D．will be polluted 10．（2023·上海浦东新·三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 11．（2024·河北·中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 12．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 13．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 14．（2024·安徽·中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 15．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 16．（2024·云南·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 17．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 18．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 19．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 20．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Hanfu lovers ________ walking down the street in many cities. —Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture. A．can be found B．can find C．must be found D．must find 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （20232九年级下·上海徐汇·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 If you suffer from shyness (羞怯), you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller families, with f 1 relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school. A s 2 environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study made in Japan, 57 percent of people rated (评估) t 3 as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, a person’s s 4 is credited externally to (表面上归因于) parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on ( 完全归咎于) the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely i 5 on group-shared decisions. Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has r 6 from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have taken the place of recreational activities that involve social interaction (涉及交际互动) for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants and shop assistants are no longer n 7 because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy. It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company. PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末）Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Should people walk where they want In most of England, walkers are limited to footpaths. More than 100 musicians, actors and writers wrote to the UK government, “In the books we write, the songs we sing, the art we make, we celebrate the important connection that we feel with nature. But that connection is 8 by the fences that surround (围绕) much of England’s land, stopping people from walking free.” Although in 2000, a law was passed to allow people to walk around 8% of England’s countryside. Some people say this isn’t good enough. Others point out that there are businesses that need to keep the land private. What do you think? Should people be allowed to walk wherever they like? YES! — Nature belongs to everyone Nowadays it is important for people to take a walk outdoors — for their mental and physical health. It encourages people and brings them 9 and relaxation. Yet this space is not enough and is now surrounded by fences. To get closer to nature, most people have to travel for miles. Everyone should be able to get close to nature 10 . Blue sky, flying birds and green tree-lined paths should not belong to any private organization or person. But the truth is that such a small number of people own such huge amounts of land. Among every eight British houses, one has no gardens. This isn’t 11 . NO! — The walking paths are enough The land isn’t just for people’s enjoyment or health. For many people, it means family’s whole-year income. 12 , farmers need fields to keep their animals, like sheep or bulls, for a living. Also, it isn’t safe for walkers to walk around because the land may have many hidden 13 such as wetlands and snakes. Moreover, walkers do not always show their respect. They leave gates open, litter everywhere, scare off birds and stand over plants. In fact, many people are not really looking for a connection with the wild. They just want a short walk with the nice scenery. The government should focus on making paths for walkers and leave the rest of the land alone. 8．A．rebuilt B．blocked C．linked D．supported 9．A．pleasure B．progress C．wisdom D．reference 10．A．faithfully B．carefully C．safely D．easily 11．A．common B．flexible C．fair D．guilty 12．A．After all B．For example C．What’s more D．As a result 13．A．memories B．enemies C．secrets D．dangers 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 ◆ 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 obey [ə'beɪ] v． 服从；顺从；听从 2 observe [əb'zɜːv] v. 观察；观测 3 occupation [ɒkju'peɪʃn] n． 职业 4 object ['ɒbdʒɪkt] n. 物，物体；宾语 5 ocean ['əʊʃn] n. 海洋 6 offer ['ɒfə(r)] vt& n. 提供，建议 7 office ['ɒfɪs] n. 办公室 ． 8 officer ['ɒfɪsə(r)] n. 军官；公务员；官员；警官 9 official [ə'fɪʃl] a．n. 官方的，政府的; 官员 10 operation [ɒpə'reɪʃn] n. 手术；操作 11 opinion [ə'pɪnjən] n． 观点，看法 12 opposite ['ɒpəzɪt] adj．prep． 在……对面；相对的；对立的 13 ordinary ['ɔːdnri] adj． 普通的，平常的 14 organization [ɔːɡənaɪ'zeɪʃn] n． 组织；团体；机构 15 organize ['ɔːɡənaɪz] v． 组织 16 overcoat ['əʊvəkəʊt] n. 大衣 17 owner ['əʊnə(r)] n. 物主，所有人 18 own [əʊn] v. 自己的;拥有，所有 19 order ['ɔːdə(r)] vt. n.. 定购，订货；点菜; 顺序 20 outdoor ['aʊtdɔː(r)] adj． 室外的 21 outside [aʊt'saɪd] n.ad. prep 外 面 在外面; 在……外面 22 online [ɒn'laɪn] adj&ad.v 在线的，在线地 23 Olympic [ə'lɪmpɪk] adj． n. 奥林匹克的;奥林匹克（运动会） 24 once [wʌns] n.&ad. conj. 一次， 一度，从前；一旦 25 oil [ɔɪl] n. 油 26 October [ɒk'təʊbə(r)] n. 十月 27 operate ['ɒpəreɪt] v． 动手术，开刀；操刀；运转 ◆28 object [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt] n． 物品；物体 ◆29 opera [ˈdaɪnɪŋ] n. 歌剧 ◆30 digital [ˈdɪdʒɪtl] adj.. 数字的；数码的 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 或首字母填空 1.Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after________(our). 2.Who is the________ (own) of this house? 3. There's a bus stop ________ (opposition)the house. 4. It’s important to make the good impression (印象) from the very ______ day. (one) 5. The American, Dave Farrow, could remember things quite well after seeing only ______. (one) 6. The doctor had an ______ on the patient’s heart. (operate) 7. He made a telescope (望远镜 ) through which he could __________ the stars.(observation) 8. Joan is my ______ sister, she often helps Mum with the housework. (old) 9. Doctor Wang will ______ on the wounded policeman at once. (operation) 10. According to the ______ figures, over one thousand people died during the disaster. (office) 11. He needs a secretary who can also ______ his life for him. (organization) 12. Two buildings were destroyed and some o__________ were damaged in the earthquake. 13. The aged artist achieved his ambition of holding a personal o__________ painting exhibition. 14. Many people felt the law was unfair, and refused to o__________ it. 15. What's the difference between robots and o__________ machines? 词组默写 239. 平均;通常 240. 有事,出差 241. 步行;走路 244.在休假 245.在某人一边 246.在另一方面 247.在听电话 248.在去……的路上 249.准时 250.在工作日 251.每四年一次 252.再次 253.一个接一个，连续地 254.从……里出来;缺乏 255.过时 256.再三;一次次 257.注意 258.付……钱;买 259.挑选出 260.拾起 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$