内容正文:
考点10 高考高频考点非谓语动词-to do(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 近三年北京高考真题考点分布
题型
非谓语动词不定式
语法填空
年份
考查方向
考频
考点
2024
to do形式的固定搭配
1
take (the) time to do sth.
2023
to do 形式作目的状语
1
to address
2022
to do 形式作后置定语
1
to harm
附其它省份的考情分析
题型
考情统计
语法填空&改错
年份
卷别
考点
考查方向
2024
1月浙江卷
to benefit
作目的状语
2023
新高考Ⅰ卷
whether to bite
作宾语
新高考Ⅰ卷
to be lifted
作宾补
全国甲卷
to teach
used to be(改错)
作目的状语
作宾语
2022
新高考I卷
to increase
作状语
新高考II卷
to see
作目的状语
新高考II卷
how to thank
作宾语
全国甲卷
was unwilling (to)改错
作宾语
全国乙卷
To strengthen
作目的状语
浙江6月卷
tells you not to do
作宾补
浙江1月卷
to continue
作宾语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
根据近3年北京高考真题考情分析可知对于不定式的考查一直是高频考点,主要考查:
1.不定式作状语;
2.不定式作定语;
【备考策略】
1.掌握不定式的形式和用法;
2.掌握不定式的固定搭配和特殊用法;
【命题预测】
预测2025年北京高考真题对非谓语动词的考查仍然是重点,考生除了掌握不定式作目的状语和后置定语,此外不定式作补语、主语和宾语也要充分掌握。
不定式的概念及特点
动词不定式是非谓语动词的其中一种形式,其基本构成形式为:“to+动词原形”。
不定式的时态和语态
种类
时态
主动形式及意义
被动形式及意义
不定式
一般式
to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生
to be done 被动、将来
进行式
to be doing 谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前
to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前
考点一 不定式的句法功能
01作主语
1. 不定式作主语表具体行为,表特指(对比:动名词作主语表泛指,是抽象行为)
2. 不定式作主语三情况:直接作主语;It作形式主语;wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构;It takes sb. time to do sth.等。
【清北学长说】 1.不定式作主语时,相当于名词或代词,谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬,责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerable等。3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
典例 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
02作宾语
口诀
动词
希望学会想决心
hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装
manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划
offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙
ask/beg, agree , help
名师点睛:下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事(未做)
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事(已做)
remember to do 记得将要做某事(未做)
remember doing 记得已经做过某事(已做)
regret to do 遗憾去做某事(未做)
regret doing 后悔做过某事(已做)
go on to do 继续做另一件事 (对象变了)
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 (对象不变)
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 (对象变了)
stop doing 停止做某事 (对象不变)
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事(未做)
mean doing 意味着做某事 (解释作用)
try to do 努力做某事(不一定成功)
try doing 尝试做某事 (强调尝试和行动)
【清北学长说】 1. 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2. 不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 3. 介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
典例(2023·新高考I卷·语法填空)The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
03 作宾语补足语
1. see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
2. ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……:
3. 用于“with+名词+不定式”,表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。
4. be said类动词:be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型,可以转化为It is said that…
5.think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
【清北学长说】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语,但使役动词(make, let, have等)与感官动词(watch, hear, feel, notice, see等)用于主动语态时,作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to;但当这些词用于被动语态时,to不能省略(let除外)。
例:He made his workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
→His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
04 作表语
1. 不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语通常是job, task, wish, hope, duty, work, thing, goal, aim, problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea等可表示抽象含义的词。
2. 表示一般的概念时,不定式、动词ing形式可以互换,而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。
【清北学长说】主语部分含义实义动词do的形式时,作表语的不定式可省to。
例1. My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
例2. The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。
例3. All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
05 作定语
1. 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系。
2. 序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
3. 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰,如:chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等。
【名师点睛】如果不定式与所修饰名词为动宾关系,且是不及物动词,则在动词后加适当的介词。
1.不定式作定语:
His first book to be published is based on a true story.他要出版的第一本书以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
2.不定式作定语,修饰序数词等:
He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
3.不定式作定语,不省略介词:
I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。
4.不定式作定语时间关系与主被动关系的区别:
I attended the meeting held last Friday.
典例(2022·全国甲卷)A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】此处journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前有序数词修饰,应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
【答案】to journey
06 作状语
1. 不定式作目的状语,多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性,位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。
2. 不定式作结果状语,多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
3. 不定式作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,dangerous,heavy,good,important,impossible,surprised,astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
1.不定式作目的状语:
Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
2 .不定式作结果状语:
常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…);enough …to …(足够);only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有) ; too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。
1. She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
3 .不定式作原因状语:
以下情感类形容词后常接不定式的主动形式:hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous,
pleasant, interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible等。在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.重庆在这张地图上很难/很难/容易找到。
4 .不定式作独立成分:
to tell the truth说实话; to be honest诚实地说; to put it briefly前言之;
to be frank坦白地说; to begin/start with首先; to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是; to put it in a nutshell简而言之
考点二 不定式的特殊用法
01 疑问词+不定式
动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
【易错提醒】why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例 (2023·新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
02 不定式的省略
1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to(注意被动语态中to应加上);
2. 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前,若有实义动词do, 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。
3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面的to可以省略;如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时,则保留to。
4.下列句型常省略to:
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth? 何不做某事?
prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例:I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。
The girl was watched to enter the hall.
03 不定式的主动形式表被动含义
不定式的主动形式
(1) 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时
That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。
If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
(2)在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable,dangerous,impossible 等。
He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
(3)不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
(4)某些动词不定式与be连用时,如to blame(责备),to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
不定式的被动形式
(1)当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
(2) 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
(3)不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。
典例一 不定式作宾语
That makes it extra hard (learn) and practice English. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例二 不定式作状语
The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例三 不定式作宾语补足语
I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例四 不定式作后置定语
Lhasa, the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau, has been the administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. If you’ve ever had the chance (visit) it, there are many places you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例五 不定式作主语
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
典例六 不定式作表语
My aim is (try) out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano. (所给词的适当形式填空)
1.(23-24高三上·福建·开学考试)The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains (conduct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.(2024高三·北京·专题练习)My thoughts can’t be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them (carry) on the wind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.(23-24高三上·河南南阳·开学考试)It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that I realized the importance of treasuring youth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(23-24高三下·广东广州·开学考试)We are organizing an art show for our school students to (exhibition) their works of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.(23-24高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.(23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)As is known to us, Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut (send) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)Even if your time is (limit), do take exercise regularly to (strength) your body.(所给词的适当形式填空)
8.(23-24高三上·河北衡水·期中)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.(23-24高三上·河北石家庄·开学考试)I rushed back to the park, only (find) the bag had been taken away. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.(23-24高三上·福建·阶段练习)Several people deserve (mention) for their assistance in providing information for this report. (所给词的适当形式填空)
1.(2024高三·北京·专题练习)For the previous weeks, I had been trained on to be a volunteer for it.(用适当的词填空)
2.(23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试)I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.(23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)It (recognize) that the Terracotta Army is an amazing sight and its story is almost unbelievable. I’m planning to go to Xi’an (admire) the view of the Terracotta Army. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(22-23高三上·山东青岛·期中)To finish the task on schedule, you need (cooperation) with classmates. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to cooperate
【详解】考查动词。句意:为了按时完成任务,你需要和同学合作。实义动词need后跟动词不定式作宾语,名词cooperation的动词为cooperate,意为“合作”,用不定式to cooperate。故填to cooperate。
5.(23-24高三上·江苏·开学考试)The police are reported to (arrest) the suspects of the accident. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
6.(23-24高三上·江苏南通·期末)Increasing temperatures cause ice sheets and glaciers at the North and South Poles (melt), releasing additional water into the ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(22-23高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)To put out the forest fire, the motorcycle club called on all its members (volunteer)in sending the equipment to the fire fighters. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.(22-23高三上·江苏南通·开学考试)The more you know about the terrible consequences of taking drugs, the more likely you are (stay) away from them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.(22-23高三上·黑龙江鹤岗·开学考试)If you assume his guess (be) true, what do you plan to do next? (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)The term “mental illness” is difficult (define). (所给词的适当形式填空)
1.(2024·北京·高考真题)
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
2.(2023·北京·高考真题)
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 40 global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 41 thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action 42 (address)the struggles of people around the world 43 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
3.(2022·北京·高考真题)
Helen was walking down the street late 34 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 35 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 36 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
其它省份高考真题
1.【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
4.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
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考点10 高考高频考点非谓语动词-to do(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 近三年北京高考真题考点分布
题型
非谓语动词不定式
语法填空
年份
考查方向
考频
考点
2024
to do形式的固定搭配
1
take (the) time to do sth.
2023
to do 形式作目的状语
1
to address
2022
to do 形式作后置定语
1
to harm
附其它省份的考情分析
题型
考情统计
语法填空&改错
年份
卷别
考点
考查方向
2024
1月浙江卷
to benefit
作目的状语
2023
新高考Ⅰ卷
whether to bite
作宾语
新高考Ⅰ卷
to be lifted
作宾补
全国甲卷
to teach
used to be(改错)
作目的状语
作宾语
2022
新高考I卷
to increase
作状语
新高考II卷
to see
作目的状语
新高考II卷
how to thank
作宾语
全国甲卷
was unwilling (to)改错
作宾语
全国乙卷
To strengthen
作目的状语
浙江6月卷
tells you not to do
作宾补
浙江1月卷
to continue
作宾语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
根据近3年北京高考真题考情分析可知对于不定式的考查一直是高频考点,主要考查:
1.不定式作状语;
2.不定式作定语;
【备考策略】
1.掌握不定式的形式和用法;
2.掌握不定式的固定搭配和特殊用法;
【命题预测】
预测2025年北京高考真题对非谓语动词的考查仍然是重点,考生除了掌握不定式作目的状语和后置定语,此外不定式作补语、主语和宾语也要充分掌握。
不定式的概念及特点
动词不定式是非谓语动词的其中一种形式,其基本构成形式为:“to+动词原形”。
不定式的时态和语态
种类
时态
主动形式及意义
被动形式及意义
不定式
一般式
to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生
to be done 被动、将来
进行式
to be doing 谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前
to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前
考点一 不定式的句法功能
01作主语
1. 不定式作主语表具体行为,表特指(对比:动名词作主语表泛指,是抽象行为)
2. 不定式作主语三情况:直接作主语;It作形式主语;wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构;It takes sb. time to do sth.等。
【清北学长说】 1.不定式作主语时,相当于名词或代词,谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬,责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerable等。3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
典例 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【答案】to walk
02作宾语
口诀
动词
希望学会想决心
hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装
manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划
offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙
ask/beg, agree , help
名师点睛:下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事(未做)
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事(已做)
remember to do 记得将要做某事(未做)
remember doing 记得已经做过某事(已做)
regret to do 遗憾去做某事(未做)
regret doing 后悔做过某事(已做)
go on to do 继续做另一件事 (对象变了)
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 (对象不变)
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 (对象变了)
stop doing 停止做某事 (对象不变)
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事(未做)
mean doing 意味着做某事 (解释作用)
try to do 努力做某事(不一定成功)
try doing 尝试做某事 (强调尝试和行动)
【清北学长说】 1. 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2. 不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 3. 介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
典例(2023·新高考I卷·语法填空)The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
【答案】to bite
03 作宾语补足语
1. see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
2. ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……:
3. 用于“with+名词+不定式”,表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。
4. be said类动词:be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型,可以转化为It is said that…
5.think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
【清北学长说】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语,但使役动词(make, let, have等)与感官动词(watch, hear, feel, notice, see等)用于主动语态时,作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to;但当这些词用于被动语态时,to不能省略(let除外)。
例:He made his workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
→His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
典例(2023·新高考I卷·语法填空)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不
会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
【答案】to be lifted
04 作表语
1. 不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语通常是job, task, wish, hope, duty, work, thing, goal, aim, problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea等可表示抽象含义的词。
2. 表示一般的概念时,不定式、动词ing形式可以互换,而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。
【清北学长说】主语部分含义实义动词do的形式时,作表语的不定式可省to。
例1. My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
例2. The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。
例3. All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
05 作定语
1. 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系。
2. 序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
3. 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰,如:chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等。
【名师点睛】如果不定式与所修饰名词为动宾关系,且是不及物动词,则在动词后加适当的介词。
1.不定式作定语:
His first book to be published is based on a true story.他要出版的第一本书以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
2.不定式作定语,修饰序数词等:
He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
3.不定式作定语,不省略介词:
I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。
4.不定式作定语时间关系与主被动关系的区别:
I attended the meeting held last Friday.
典例(2022·全国甲卷)A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】此处journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前有序数词修饰,应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
【答案】to journey
06 作状语
1. 不定式作目的状语,多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性,位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。
2. 不定式作结果状语,多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
3. 不定式作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,dangerous,heavy,good,important,impossible,surprised,astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
1.不定式作目的状语:
Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
2 .不定式作结果状语:
常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…);enough …to …(足够);only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有) ; too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。
1. She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
3 .不定式作原因状语:
以下情感类形容词后常接不定式的主动形式:hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous,
pleasant, interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible等。在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.重庆在这张地图上很难/很难/容易找到。
4 .不定式作独立成分:
to tell the truth说实话; to be honest诚实地说; to put it briefly前言之;
to be frank坦白地说; to begin/start with首先; to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是; to put it in a nutshell简而言之
考点二 不定式的特殊用法
01 疑问词+不定式
动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
【易错提醒】why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例 (2023·新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
【答案】 to bite。
02 不定式的省略
1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to(注意被动语态中to应加上);
2. 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前,若有实义动词do, 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。
3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面的to可以省略;如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时,则保留to。
4.下列句型常省略to:
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth? 何不做某事?
prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例:I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。
The girl was watched to enter the hall.
03 不定式的主动形式表被动含义
不定式的主动形式
(1) 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时
That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。
If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
(2)在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable,dangerous,impossible 等。
He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
(3)不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
(4)某些动词不定式与be连用时,如to blame(责备),to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
不定式的被动形式
(1)当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
(2) 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
(3)不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。
典例一 不定式作宾语
That makes it extra hard (learn) and practice English. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to learn
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:这使得学习和练习英语变得特别困难。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词“makes”,故空处需填非谓语动词,结合句意可知,“ learn and practice English”是make的宾语,it是形式宾语,故用动词不定式作真正宾语。故填to learn。
典例二 不定式作状语
The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to give
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:该设计以10个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”为特色。这些萼片在温暖的日子打开,给里面的植物提供阳光和新鲜的空气。此处表示“萼片在温暖的日子打开的目的是为了给里面的植物提供阳光和空气”,故此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to give。
典例三 不定式作宾语补足语
I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 looking to stay
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我迅速地降低自己的姿态,低下头避免直视他的眼睛,以免让他感到受到挑衅。一旦他传达完信息,他就允许我留下来观看。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,动名词作宾语。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填①looking②to stay。
典例四 不定式作后置定语
Lhasa, the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau, has been the administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. If you’ve ever had the chance (visit) it, there are many places you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to visit
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:拉萨是青藏高原人口第二大城市,自17世纪中期以来一直是西藏的行政首都。如果你有机会参观这里,有许多地方是你不能错过的。修饰名词chance,需用动词不定式作后置定语,故填to visit。
典例五 不定式作主语
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to let
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:此外,要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校。在你做决定的早期阶段,把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的,它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择。此处为固定句型“it be+adj.+to do sth.”,it作形式主语,不定式为真正主语。故填to let。
典例六 不定式作表语
My aim is (try) out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to try
【详解】考查不定式。句意:我的目标是参加一场才艺表演,以证明即使是没有手臂的人也有能力弹钢琴。分析句子可知,空处应用不定式作表语,说明主语的内容。故填to try。
1.(23-24高三上·福建·开学考试)The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains (conduct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be conducted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这种药物已被证明有一定的疗效,但进一步的测试仍有待进行。本句谓语为remains,此处为非谓语动词,testing与conduct“进行,组织,实施”为被动关系,remain to be done“仍有待完成”,应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be conducted。
2.(2024高三·北京·专题练习)My thoughts can’t be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them (carry) on the wind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be carried
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我的思想无法通过普通的电话线传递,所以我希望它们能被风传递。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。代词them指代thoughts,与carry之间为被动关系,所以用不定式的被动式。故填to be carried。
3.(23-24高三上·河南南阳·开学考试)It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that I realized the importance of treasuring youth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be admitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:直到我失去了被我梦想中的大学录取的机会,我才意识到珍惜青春的重要性。分析句子,句中lost为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处lose the opportunity to do为固定短语,意为“失去去做某事的机会”,使用不定式结构作后置定语;同时I和admit之间是被动关系,故使用不定式被动结构。故填to be admitted。
4.(23-24高三下·广东广州·开学考试)We are organizing an art show for our school students to (exhibition) their works of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exhibit
【详解】考查动词和动词不定式。句意:我们正在为我们学校的学生组织一个艺术展来展示他们的艺术作品。根据“We are organizing an art show for our school students”可知,此处是指为了展示他们的艺术作品,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。动词exhibit意为“展示”。故填to exhibit。
5.(23-24高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be lifted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。句中allow +宾语+to do sth为固定短语,意为“允许……去做某事,使得……去做某事”。句中them指代前文的Xiao long bao,其与lift之间是被动关系,故使用不定式的被动结构作宾补。故填to be lifted。
6.(23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)As is known to us, Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut (send) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be sent
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:众所周知,杨利伟是第一位被送入太空的中国宇航员。序数词修饰的名词后用不定式作后置定语,且send与逻辑主语astronaut是被动关系,故用不定式的被动式,故填to be sent。
7.(23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)Even if your time is (limit), do take exercise regularly to (strength) your body.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 limited strengthen
【详解】考查形容词和动词。句意:即使你的时间有限,也要经常锻炼来增强你的身体。分析句子可知,空一置于系动词is后应用形容词作表语,根据句意填limited“有限的”;空二作目的状语用不定式形式,to是不定式符号,接动词原形strengthen“增强”,故填limited;strengthen。
8.(23-24高三上·河北衡水·期中)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to go
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:之后,苏联致力于将人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词person,当所修饰词前有序数词时,应用不定式作后置定语,故填to go。
9.(23-24高三上·河北石家庄·开学考试)I rushed back to the park, only (find) the bag had been taken away. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我冲回公园,却发现包被人拿走了。only to do结果却……,不定式作结果状语,表示意想不到的结果。根据句意,故填to find。
10.(23-24高三上·福建·阶段练习)Several people deserve (mention) for their assistance in providing information for this report. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】mentioning/to be mentioned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有几个人在为本报告提供资料方面提供了协助,值得提及。deserve doing/to be done“值得做,值得被做”,固定用法,动名词是主动形式表示被动汉语,故填mentioning/to be mentioned。
1.(2024高三·北京·专题练习)For the previous weeks, I had been trained on to be a volunteer for it.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】
考查疑问词。句意:在之前的几周里,我一直在接受如何成为一名志愿者的培训。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用“疑问词+to do”结构,作on的宾语,表示“如何”,应用how。故填how。
2.(23-24高三下·重庆·开学考试)I made my decision. Nothing will make me (change) my mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】change
【详解】考查使役动词。句意:我做了决定。没有什么能让我改变主意。make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,其中do前省略了不定式符号to,故change“改变”用动词原形。故填change。
3.(23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)It (recognize) that the Terracotta Army is an amazing sight and its story is almost unbelievable. I’m planning to go to Xi’an (admire) the view of the Terracotta Army. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 is recognized to admire
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意:众所周知,兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景象,它的故事几乎令人难以置信。我打算去西安欣赏兵马俑的景色。第一空为句型it is recognized that...表示“众所周知”;第二空admire作目的状语,用不定式。故填①is recognized;②to admire。
4.(22-23高三上·山东青岛·期中)To finish the task on schedule, you need (cooperation) with classmates. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to cooperate
【详解】考查动词。句意:为了按时完成任务,你需要和同学合作。实义动词need后跟动词不定式作宾语,名词cooperation的动词为cooperate,意为“合作”,用不定式to cooperate。故填to cooperate。
5.(23-24高三上·江苏·开学考试)The police are reported to (arrest) the suspects of the accident. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have arrested
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据报道,警方已经逮捕了这次事故的嫌疑犯。根据“are reported to”可知,此处用固定短语be reported to do sth.,意为“据报道……”,且逮捕嫌疑犯的行为发生在报道之前,因此应用to have done的形式。故填have arrested。
6.(23-24高三上·江苏南通·期末)Increasing temperatures cause ice sheets and glaciers at the North and South Poles (melt), releasing additional water into the ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to melt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:气温升高导致南极和北极的冰原和冰川融化,向海洋释放更多的水。句中cause sth to do为固定短语,故使用不定式结构。melt为动词,意为“融化”。故填to melt。
7.(22-23高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习)To put out the forest fire, the motorcycle club called on all its members (volunteer)in sending the equipment to the fire fighters. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to volunteer
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了扑灭森林大火,摩托车俱乐部号召全体会员自愿把装备送给消防队员。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词called,所以volunteer应该用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是members,两者间是主动关系,根据句意知此处应该用不定式作目的状语。故填to volunteer。
8.(22-23高三上·江苏南通·开学考试)The more you know about the terrible consequences of taking drugs, the more likely you are (stay) away from them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to stay
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:你对吸毒的可怕后果知道得越多,就越有可能远离它们。“the+形容词/副词的比较级…the+形容词/副词的比较级”,表示“越……越……”。be likely to do是固定结构,意为“有可能做某事”。故此处应用动词不定式。故填to stay。
9.(22-23高三上·黑龙江鹤岗·开学考试)If you assume his guess (be) true, what do you plan to do next? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你假设他的猜测是真的,你下一步打算做什么?assume something to be表示“假设某物是”,用动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。
10.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)The term “mental illness” is difficult (define). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to define
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:“精神疾病”这个词很难下定义。形容词difficult后跟不定式,构成固定搭配be difficult to do sth., 表示“难以做某事”。故填to define。
1.(2024·北京·高考真题)
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
【答案】11. to rest
12. self-awareness
13. gives 14. boundaries
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慢下来对个人成长的重要意义。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“花时间做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。
【14题详解】
考场名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
2.(2023·北京·高考真题)
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 40 global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 41 thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action 42 (address)the struggles of people around the world 43 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【答案】40.to 41.where 42.to address 43.facing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
40.考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
41.考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。
3.(2022·北京·高考真题)
Helen was walking down the street late 34 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 35 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 36 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】34.in 35.to harm 36.caught
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
34.考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故in。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
36.考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
其它省份高考真题
1.【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
4.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
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