Unit 4 Fun with science Reading 词汇拓展1 讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）选修第一册

选修1 Unit4 (1) 1. twinkle /ˈtwɪŋkl/ vi. 闪烁；（眼睛因兴奋）发亮 n. 闪耀，闪烁；（眼睛的）闪亮 stars twinkling in the sky 天空中闪烁的星星 twinkling lights in the distance 远处闪耀的点点灯光 Her eyes twinkled with amusement 她的双眼闪耀着愉悦的光芒。 a twinkle in your eye 〔眼睛的〕闪烁；欣喜的神情 in the twinkling of an eye/in a twinkling = in the blink of an eye 眨眼之间 2. steady /ˈstedi/ adj. 稳定的，恒定的；稳步的，匀速的；平稳的，稳固的 steadily adv. steadiness n. make steady progress 逐渐进步 remain/hold steady 保持平稳 a steady stream of traffic 川流不息的来往车辆 a steady job/work/income稳定的职位/工作/收入 a steady increase/rise/growth/decline 稳定的增长/下降 increase/grow steadily 稳定增加 move at a low and steady pace as steady as a rock 十分可靠；稳如泰山 steady oneself/one’s nerves 平静下来（calm down） 3. density /ˈdensəti/ n. 密度；密集，稠密 dense adj.茂密的；密集的 densely adv. low/high population density人口密度低/高 a dense forest/jungle 茂密的森林/热带雨林 dense fog/smoke/cloud 浓雾/浓烟/密云 a dense population 密集人口 a dense crowd 密集的人群 The country is served by a dense network of roads. 密集的交通 a densely populated area人口密集地区 densely covered/packed盖得／塞得严实的 4. horizon /həˈraɪzn/ n. 地平线，海平线；（知识或兴趣的）范围，眼界 horizontal adj. 水平的 horizontally adv. 反：vertical adj. 垂直的 vertically adv. on the horizon 在地平线上；将要发生的 Business is good now, but there are a few problems on the horizon. We could see a ship on the horizon. broaden/expand somebody’s horizons 开阔眼界（用复数） 5. fragrant /ˈfreɪɡrənt/ adj. 香的，芳香的 fragrance n. 香味 fragrantly adv. fragrant herbs/flowers/oils 芳草；香花；精油 The bath oil comes in various fragrances. 6. pollen /ˈpɒlən/ n. 花粉 pollination n. 授粉 pollinator n. 传粉者 pollinate vt. 传粉 flowers pollinated by bees/the wind由蜜蜂授粉的花/由风传粉的花卉 7. microbiome /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈbaɪəʊm/ n. 微生物组，微生物群系 micro- 微小的 microscope n. 显微镜 microbiology n. 微生物学 microbiological adj. microbiologist n. 微生物学家 microbe n. 微生物microorganism n. 微生物 biome n. 生物群系 8. naked /ˈneɪkɪd/ adj. 裸露的；无遮盖的 近： nude adj. bare adj. nakedly adv. nakedness n. a naked body赤裸的身体naked shoulders裸露的肩膀 stark naked赤身裸体 half naked 半裸 the naked eye 肉眼 be (in)visible to/with the naked eye 肉眼可见/不可见 feel completely naked 手足无措 naked aggression赤裸裸的攻击 the naked truth明摆着的事实 9. trillion /ˈtrɪljən/ n. 万亿，兆；大量，无数 million n. 百万 millionaire n. 百万富翁 billion n. 十亿 billionaire n. 亿万富翁 trillions of 大量；无数 two/three/four trillion （不用复数） （说 a, one, two, several, etc. trillion 时，trillion 后面不加 s。 若前面没有数目或数量，可用 trillions (of ...) trillion 和 trillions 均用复数动词。） 10. blend /blend/ n. 混合品，混合物；融合vt. 使混合vi. （和某物）融合 blender n. 搅拌机 blend with/together ; blend A with B; blend A and B together blended whisky/tea调配的威士忌／茶 a blend of tea调制茶 a story that blends fact and legend事实与传说相糅合的一个故事 a blend of youth and experience年轻而且有经验 The old house blends in perfectly with the countryside. 这幢老房子和这里的乡村融为一体。 blend into the crowd 融合到（消失于人群） 11. foothold /ˈfʊthəʊld/ n. 稳固地位，立足点；立足处 gain/establish a foothold 站稳脚跟 12. gut /ɡʌt/ n. 肠道，消化道；(pl.) （尤指动物的）内脏 同：intestine n.肠 gutless adj. 无胆量的 gut reaction/feeling/instinct 本能的反应/本能的感觉/直觉 I have a feeling in my guts that …本能地感觉要… it takes guts to do sth. 做…是需要勇气的… have the guts to do sth. 有勇气做 the guts of the problem 问题的实质 13. obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ n. 肥胖 obese adj. Obesity can increase the risk of heart disease.肥胖会增加患心脏病的风险。 14. cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的 cognitively adv. cognition n.认知 cognitive psychology认知心理学 a child's cognitive development儿童的认知发展 15. bloodstream /ˈblʌdstriːm/ n. 体内循环的血液，血流 The drug is injected directly into the bloodstream. 这种药物是直接注射到血液中的。 16. nerve /nɜːv/ n. 神经；(pl.) 神经质，神经紧张；勇气，气魄 nervous adj. 紧张 nerveless adj. 神经麻木的 somebody’s nerves are on edge 某人非常焦虑[恐惧] suffer from nerves= be very nervous calm/steady your nerves定神/稳住情绪 settle/soothe one’s nerves have/find the nerve to do sth. 有勇气做… lose your nerve 失去勇气 it takes a lot of nerve to do sth. 做…需要很大勇气 hold/keep your nerve 保持镇静 get on one’s nerves 烦扰某人； 使某人心神不定 17. transplant /ˈtrænsplɑːnt/ n.（器官等的）移植；移植器官 /trænsˈplɑːnt/ vt. 移植（器官） heart transplant surgery心脏移植手术 have a heart transplant接受心脏移植 a transplant operation移植手术 reject transplanted organs 排斥移植的器官 liver transplantation肝脏移植 18. malnutrition /ˌmælnjuˈtrɪʃn/ n. 营养不良 nutrition n.营养 nutritious adj. 有营养的 nutrient n.营养物质 refugees suffering from malnutrition营养不良的难民 19. droplet /ˈdrɒplət/ n. 小滴 tiny droplets of water小滴的水 20. isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ n. 隔离，隔离状态；孤独，孤立状态 isolated adj. isolate vt. geographical isolation地理上的隔离 an isolation hospital/ward隔离医院／病房 international/diplomatic/political isolation 国际孤立/外交孤立/政治孤立 in (complete) isolation 孤立 be in isolation from sth. 从..中孤立= be isolated from a feeling/sense of isolation 孤独感 = feel isolated 感到孤独 isolate sb. from sth. 隔离；区分 isolated incident/case/event 个别事件 isolated rural areas偏僻的农村地区 21. inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ vt.（给…）注射（药物等）；（给…）添加，增加 injection n. inject sth. into 注射 inject sb. with sth. 给…注射 inject fun/new life into/a note of humour sth. （给…）添加，增加 (add ..to…) inject money/capital into sth. = invest money in have/receive an injection 打针；注射 give sb. an injection 给..打针= administer an injection 22. sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/ vt. 测定（整套基因或分子成分的）序列；按顺序排列 n. 一系列，一连串；顺序，次序 sequential adj. 连续的；相继的 sequentially adv. sequencing n. 〔尤指事件或动作的〕先后安排，编排顺序 in sequence 按顺序 out of sequence 不按照顺序 in a logical/correct sequence 按逻辑顺序/按正确的顺序 a sequence of failures/events 一连串的… a gene sequencing project基因测序项目 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$