Unit 5 Revealing Nature 短文巧记单词 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

新外研版高中英语选择性必修一 Book 4 Uni t 5 短文巧记单词 一、朗读并翻译理解 The journey of discovery 发现之旅 In myths and legends, it’s the gods that created a variety of living things, including humans. However, the theory of evolution, explained by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species, completely changed this idea. The young man, regarded as a disgrace to his family by his father, was a geologist and naturalist. Answering the call of a captain, he visited distant countries and collected various samples, including seeds of mangroves, comb-like spines of iguanas, beaks of finches, shells of giant tortoises. On a primitive island which is renowned worldwide for biodiversity and which several species of goats are native to, Darwin suspected that their teeth evolved according to what food was available, generating the convincing idea that they had evolved from a common ancestor with unique physical characteristics, and that their population decline is blamed on humans. Though Darwin’s journey of discovery had ended, diversity on our planet is such that there are still new species and characteristics on Earth remaining to be discovered. For instance, with us long believing that talking plants have been a thing of myths and legends, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. This kind of communication happens when a plant, say a chilli plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant can release chemicals detected by its neighbors, who give off different chemicals to attract wasps to drive away the insects, so that we needn’t pesticides. More surprisingly, around 50 centimetres underground, the roots of all chilli plants are linked by fungi to form a fungal network, which has its own version of cybercrime. 二、核对译文 在神话和传说中，正是众神创造了包括人类在内的各种生物。然而，查尔斯·达尔文在《物种起源》中解释的进化论彻底改变了这种观念。这个曾被父亲视为家族耻辱的年轻人是一名地质学家和博物学家。响应一位船长的号召，他拜访遥远的国度，收集各种样本，包括红树的种子，鬣蜥梳状的刺，雀科鸣禽的喙，巨型陆龟的壳。 在一座因生物多样性而全世界闻名的原始岛屿上，有几种山羊原生于此，达尔文怀疑他们牙齿根据可获得的食物而进化，并产生了一种令人信服的看法：他们都从带有独特身体特征的共同祖先进化而来，并且种群数量的下降应被归咎于人类。 尽管达尔文的发现之旅已经结束，我们星球上的多样性是如此丰富，以至于在地球上依然有新的物种和特征等待着我们去发现。比如，我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于神话传说中，但新研究揭示了令人惊奇的事实：植物间似乎确实可以交流。 当一株植物，比如说一棵辣椒树，受到昆虫攻击时，这种交流就会发生。这棵辣椒会释放出能被周围其他辣椒探测到的化学物质，他们会释放不同的化学物质来吸引黄蜂赶走昆虫，因此我们不需要杀虫剂。更不可思议的是，在地下大约50厘米处，所有辣椒树的根通过真菌连接成了一个真菌的网络，这种网络也有（植物世界里的）“网络犯罪”。 三、词汇记忆 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.myth 2.legend 3.evolution 4.disgrace 5.geologist 6.answer the call 7.distant 8.sample 9.seed 10.mangrove 11.comb-like 12.spine 13.iguana 14.beak 15.finch 16.giant tortoise 17.primitive 18.worldwide 19.biodiversity 20.goat 21.native to 22.suspect 23.evolve 24.generate 25.evolve 26.ancestor 27.characteristic 28.decline 29.blame 30.diversity 31.characteristic 32.myth 33.legend 34.chilli 35.detect 36.wasp 37.pesticide 38.centimetre 39.root 40.chilli 41.link 42.fungi 43.fungal 44.cybercrime 四、词汇检测 The journey of discovery 发现之旅 In myths and legends, it’s the gods that created ______________________(各式各样的) living things, including ______________________(人类). However, the theory of evolution, explained by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species, completely changed this idea. The young man, ______________________(被认为是) a disgrace to his family by his father, was a geologist and naturalist. Answering the call of a captain, he visited ______________________(遥远的) countries and collected various ______________________(样本), including ______________________(种子) of mangroves, comb-like spines of iguanas, beaks of finches, shells of giant tortoises. On a primitive island which is ______________________(全世界闻名) biodiversity and which several species of goats ______________________(原产于), Darwin ______________________(怀疑) that their teeth evolved ______________________(根据) what food was ______________________(可获得的；可得到的), generating the convincing idea that they had evolved from a common ancestor with unique physical characteristics, and that their population decline ______________________(被归咎于) humans. Though Darwin’s journey of ______________________(发现) had ended, diversity on our planet is such that there are still new species and ______________________(特征) on Earth remaining to be discovered. ______________________(例如), with us long believing that talking plants have been a thing of myths and legends, new research has revealed something amazing: ______________________(似乎；好像) plants can communicate ______________________(毕竟；终究). This kind of communication happens when a plant, say a chilli plant, ______________________(受到袭击；遭受攻击) by insects. The plant can ______________________(释放) chemicals detected by its neighbors, who ______________________(发出；放出) different chemicals to ______________________(吸引) wasps to ______________________(赶走；驱赶) the insects, so that we needn’t pesticides. More surprisingly, around 50 centimetres underground, the ______________________(树根) of all chilli plants ______________________(被连接) by fungi to ______________________(形成；构成) a fungal network, which has its own version of cybercrime. 五、语法填空 The journey of discovery 发现之旅 In myths and legends, it’s the gods that ______________________(create) a variety of living things, including ______________________(human). However, the theory of ______________________(evolve), explained by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species, ______________________(complete) changed this idea. The young man, ______________________(regard) as a disgrace to his family by his father, was a geologist and naturalist. ______________________(answer) the call of a captain, he visited distant countries and collected ______________________(vary) samples, including seeds of mangroves, comb-like spines of iguanas, beaks of finches, shells of giant tortoises. On a primitive island ______________________ is renowned worldwide ______________________ biodiversity and which several species of goats are native ______________________, Darwin ______________________(suspect) that their teeth evolved according ______________________ what food was available, generating the ______________________(convince) idea that they had evolved ______________________ a common ancestor with unique physical characteristics, and that their population decline is blamed on humans. Though Darwin’s journey of ______________________(discover) had ended, diversity on our planet is such that there are still new species and ______________________(characteristic) on Earth remaining to be discovered. ______________________ instance, with us long believing that talking plants have been a thing of myths and legends, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears ______________________ plants can communicate after all. This kind of communication happens when a plant, say a chilli plant, gets ______________________(attack) by insects. The plant can release chemicals ______________________(detect) by its neighbors, ______________________ give off different chemicals ______________________(attract) wasps to drive away the insects, so that we needn’t pesticides. More ______________________(surprising), around 50 centimetres underground, the roots of all chilli plants ______________________(link) by fungi to form a fungal network, which has its own version of cybercrime. $$