Unit 2 Grammar 学习任务单 2024-2025学年译林版（2024）七年级英语上册

Unit 2 Grammar---一般现在时(Ⅱ) “时态”表示一个动词在不同的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式表示。在英语语法中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。下面来介绍一般现在时的用法(Ⅱ)。 一般现在时(Ⅱ) 我们常用一般现在时谈论我们经常做的事、不受时间限制的客观事实以及人或物的一般特征。这时我们常使用行为动词，这种动词有具体、实际的含义。请比较: My hobby is painting.我的爱好是绘画。(动词be) I love painting.我热爱绘画。(行为动词) 注意:当我们用一般现在时进行表达的时候,不能同时使用动词be和行为动词。如: I am good at swimming. (√) I love swimming. (√) I am love swimming. (x) 行为动词的一般现在时可用于以下情况: 1.经常性、习惯性的行为。如： I often go to the Art Club after school. 2.不受时间限制的客观事实。如：Fish live in water. 3.人或物的一般特征。 如：She sings very well. 根据主语的人称和数的不同，行为动词的一般现在时有两种形式。 肯定句： 1.当主语是第一人称的单复数、第二人称的单复数和第三人称复数时,行为动词使用其原形。即：S + do+--- 如: We have different subjects at school.在学校我们有不同的科目。 They enjoy jogging in their free time.他们有空的时候喜欢慢跑。 2.当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词使用其第三人称单数形式。即：S + does+--- 如: She visits museums every weekend.她每个周末都去参观博物馆。 He plays football every day.他每天踢足球。 行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成方法如下: 1).直接加s。如：live—lives make-makes 【加的s在清辅音后读／s／ ， 在浊辅音和元音后读／z／】 2).以ch、sh、ss或x结尾的加es。【加的es读／iz／或／z／】如： teach—teaches；wash—washes；guess-guesses; fix—fixes; 3).辅音字母＋y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加es。如：carry—carries；cry—cries；try—tries；注意:如果动词以“元音字母+y”结尾,不适用此规则。如: play—plays; say—says 4).以“辅音字母+o”结尾的动词后加es。【加的 es 读 /z/】如：go-goes; do-does 5).特殊变化 have-has 附：清辅音: /p/ / t / /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s//ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ 浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z//ʒ/ / r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /m//n/ /ŋ/ / j / / w // ǀ / 否定句： 行为动词一般现在时的否定句式是在行为动词前加do not或 does not。当主语是第三人称单数时,助动词用does。在非正式文体中, do not 和 does not可以缩写成don't和doesn't。即： 1.主语+don’t+动词原形+其他------ （S + don’t + do+---）如: Students do not go to school on Sunday.学生周日不上学。 = Students don't go to school on Sunday. 2.主语三单+does not (=doesn’t)+ 动词原形+其他------ （S + doesn’t + do+---）如: He does not work in this shop.他不在这家商店工作。= He doesn't work in this shop. 一般疑问句： 行为动词一般现在时的疑问句式是在句首加助动词do或does。当主语是第三人称单数时,助动词用does。即： 1.Do +主语+动词原形+其它成分？回答： Yes, 主语+do. No, 主语+do + not. 如: ---Do you like traditional Chinese painting?你喜欢国画吗? ---Yes, I do. I like landscape painting best. 是的,我喜欢。我最喜欢山水画。 2. Does +主语+动词原形+其它成分？回答： Yes, 主语+does. No, 主语+does + not. 如: ---Does John often play basketball after school?约翰放学后经常打篮球吗? ---No, he doesn't.不,他不常打。 注意: 1.在疑问句和否定句中,助动词之后的行为动词均用原形。 2.要注意区分行为动词do和助动词do的用法。如: I do not do housework on Saturday. 我周六不做家务。 Do you do housework on Saturday? 你周六做家务吗? 在上面每个例句中,第一个do是助动词,第二个do是行为动词。 3.如何区分使用be动词和助动词do/ don’t/does/doesn't： be后跟名词、形容词、介词短语、副词（短语）等；助动词后只能跟动词原形。如： Are you students?/Are they cute./Is Sandy in Class1,Grade7?/ Is everyone here? Do you want to be my friend?/Does Amy have any hobbies?/They don’t play football after school./Millie doesn’t enjoy staying at home all day. 拓展： 1.祈使句: Let’s meet them. Trust me! Don’t run fast! Don’t open the door. 2.第三人称单数（简称“三单”）有下列情况: 1).人称代词he, she, it做主语是第三人称单数。 It helps me keep fit. 2).单人、单物、单个人名、地名或称呼做主语是第三人称单数。 Daniel reads many science books. 3).this / that 做主语是第三人称单数。This helps me a lot. 4).不可数名词做主语可以看作是第三人称单数。Exercise makes us strong. 5).单数可数名词或“this/that/the+可数名词单数” 做主语，看作是第三人称单数。 The man looks very happy. 6).不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等做主语是第三人称单数。Everyone likes playing games. 7).当时间、金钱、距离、数字或字母做主语时，看作第三人称单数。 How time flies! Ten years has passed. 光阴似箭！十年已经过去了。 8).特殊疑问词做主语，通常认为是三单。 What makes your friend so special? 9).动名词短语做主语时，通常认为是三单。Listening to music makes us feel happy. 即时自测： 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空: 1. Mike _______________ (study) in a middle school. 2. He_____________(wash) his own clothes every day. 3. His uncle____________ (go) swimming on Sundays. 4. My friends_____________ (help)me a lot with my Chinese. 5. Don’t __________ (swim) in the river. It __________ (be) dangerous. 6. Simon _____ (not do) his homework every evening. Sometimes he _____ (watch) TV at home. 7. This __________(be) my cat. It __________(love) me. 8.We ______________ (not have) a Music lesson on Thursday, but Amy _____ (have)a Music lesson on Thursday. 9.The little baby in blue____________(look) like his father. 10. Everyone in the club ___________( hope ) to play in the World Cup. 二、句型转换 1.I have some hobbies.（改为一般疑问句并做否定回答） _______ you _______ ________ hobbies? No, ______ _______. 2.She walks home after school every day.（主语改为复数they） They _________ home after school every day. 3.We like reading this book.(用he作主语改写句子) _______ _______ _______ this book. 4.He wears glasses. (改为否定句) He ________ ________ glasses. 5.Sandy is tall and slim. (改为否定句) Sandy ______ ______ ______ ______ . 6. Hobbies bring joy to our life. （改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答） ________ hobbies __________ joy to our life? Yes, _________ _________. 7. It helps me keep fit. （改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答） __________ it _____________ you keep fit? Yes, _________ _________. 8. His hair is short. (改为同义句) =He _________ ________ _____________. 9. My classmates all have an interest in music. (改为同义句) =My classmates ______ ________ _________ _________ music. 10.Is Sandy good at playing football? (改为同义句) = _______Does Sandy ______ ______ ______ playing football? 答案： 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空: 1.studies;2.washes;3.goes;4.help;5.swim; is;6.doesn’t do; watches;7.is; loves;8.don’t have; has; 9.looks;10.hopes; 二、句型转换 1.Do; have any; I don’t.2. walk; 3. He likes reading; 4. doesn’t wear;5. isn’t tall or slim;6.Do, bring; they do; 7.Does, help; it does;8.has short hair;9. are all interested in; 10.Does, do well in; 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$