2025届高考复习之重点语法突破-介词与介词短语 讲义

高考复习语法系列 重点语法突破 之 介词与介词短语 基 础 考 法 考法一 考查常见介词的用法 (一)表示时间的介词 1.表示时间的 at, in, on (1)at表示片刻的时间。 例如: at noon，at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas 等。 (2)in表示一段时间。 例如: in the moming, in the afternoon, in the evening, in Oetober, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。 (3) on指在特定的某一天或某一天的上午、下午和晚上。 例如: on Monday, on Christmas moming, on the following day, on a warm moring 等。 2.表示时间的 since, for, from (1)since表示从过去某一时间点延续到现在, 常与现在完成时连用。 We have not seen each other since 1995. (2)“for+时间段”, 表示行为或状态持续的时间。 I have been teaching in the school for ten years. (3)from表示从某个时候开始, 不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。 I hope to do moming exereises from today. 3.表示时间的 afer和 in (1)afer表示在某一具体时间点之后, 常和过去时态或将来时态连用。after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时态里)。 After seven the rain began to fall. (2) “in+时间段”常和将来时态连用。 We’ll be back in three davs. 4. 表示时间的 over 和 during (1)“over+名词”表示“一边……一边……；在……过程中”。 Let's have a talk about it over coffee. (2)“during+名词”表示“在……期间”在一般过去时和一般现在 时中都经常使用。 He picked up Japanese during his stay in Japan. He ofen falls asleep during the class. (二)表示“除了”的介词(短语) 1. besides 指“除了……之外(还有)”,也可以用作副词, 意思是“此外”。 I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful. 2. excep 指“除了……外”, 不能放在句首。 We all passed the exam except Tom. 3.but与excep 意思相近, 表示“除了……外”， 经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, eventhing, anything 等后。 I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper 4.excepl for 表示“除了……外”, 指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. (三)表示“方式和方法”的介词 1.as, like 两者都可表示“如，像” as表示“如, 像”时, 可用作介词, 也可用作连词； like表示“如, 像”时, 通常用作介词, 但在口语中也可用作连词。 like含有“好像是”之意, 意指 “实际上不是” I long to fly like a bird in the sky. They were all dressed as clowns. 2.介词 by, in, with (1)by后接表示交通工具的名词或与交通工具密切相关的名间(如 air，water，land, road等),名词用单数, 其前面不加冠词和任何 修饰语。 You can reach the island by road or by sea. (2)in通常指使用某种语言、某种字体等。 You must write the title of the passage in capitals. (3)wih指使用有形的工具、物体或身体的某些部分。 The monkey can reach the bananas on the tree with some tools. 【点津】 (1) “by+交通方式”, 中间不加冠词; 如果中间加冠词或形容词性物主代词, 则要用介词in，on等。 如：by bike = on the bike , by train = in the train (2) on有时加上特定的词也表示“通过某种方式”. 如：on foot 步行, on a horse 骑马。 (四)表示原因的介词(短语) 1. because of / on account of 意思是“因为, 由于”, 通常作状语, 可以放于句首或句中。 He didn't attend the meeting because of the heavy rain. 2. due to 意思是“因为,由于”, 通常只作表语, 作状语时不用于句首。 His illness was due to smoking and drinking. 3. thanks to 意思是“因为, 由于, 多亏”,多用于句首。 Thanks to his timely help, we finished the task on time. 3. for 意思是“因为”常表示双方都知道的显而易见的原因, 而but for 表示“如果不是因为”。 He gave me a watch for my birthday. 5.at 和 with (1)at和一些形容词连用表示引起某种情绪的原因 be angry at, be surprised at (2)with和一些名词搭配也可表示原因, 指由外界因素面影响到内 部, 意为“因为; 由于” jump with joy 高兴得跳起来 shake with anger 气得发抖 考法二 考查介词的搭配 介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词、其他介词等的习惯搭配比较固定，是高考考查的热点和难点。考生要准确拿握同一介词与不同词搭配以及不同介词与同一词搭配的准确含义，解题时要注意把握语境，从面才能轻松确定答案。在短文改错题中，会考查一些介词错用或漏用的题目。 【典例1】 1. (2020 ●江苏卷● 30 ) Taking on this challenge will bring you_____someone who shares your interests. A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D, in memory of 【答案和解析】: C. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：接受这个挑战会让你接触到和你有共同兴趣的人。 in exchange for作为交换；in answer to 回应； in contact with 接触，保持联系，有联系；in memory of为了纪念。故选C。 2. (2020 ●天津7月卷I ● 12) For my fifth birhday, my mother baked me a cake_____ a monkey. A. in the shape of B. beyond the reach of C. at the merey of D. on the side of 【答案和解析】: A . 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我五岁生日时，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。In the shape of以……形式, 呈……的形状; beyond the reach of超出……之外; at the merey of 任由……摆布; on the side of 站在……一边。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，本题选A。 3. (2020 ●全国新高考卷I ● A ) 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up_____ 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. 【答案和解析】: to. 句意：评委将选出50名优秀奖得主，每人将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤衫。up to 为固定搭配，意为“多达；高达”。 【考法总结】：一些固定短语的介词不可以依据句子的意思随便更改。 考法三 考查介词的基本用法 高考对于介词基本用法的考查主要出现在语法填空和短文改错中,以在具体语境中考查高频介词的形式出现。 【典例2】 (2020 ●全国卷III ● D ) They made a living_________ divers, spear fishing or harvesting shellfish. 【答案和解析】: as. 句意：他们以作为潜水员为生，用鱼叉捕鱼或收获贝类。as“作为”，符合语境。 【考法总结】：as作为介词,除了用在固定搭配中,也应注意其单独使用的情况。 【小题快练】 1、 单句语法填空。 1. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ______ their hands. 2. Researchers say we can accurately judge 90% ______ a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes. 3. Sammy walked______ the car and helped Tom push it forward, but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt(沥青). 4. Zhu De was born ______ December 1, 1886 to a poor farmer's family in a town in Yilong County, a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan Province. 5. Most caves are formed ______ nature under the ground, and some have entrances people can find. 6. To fight terrorism, all the countries should join hands and cooperate ______ a genuine manner. 7. I was born in a town called Blackbum , and lived there till I left home ______ the age of eighteen. 8. According to the World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer ______ malaria around the world. 9. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them ______ free. 10. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ______ her opinion on the subject.. 二、语篇语法填空。 One day, I was walking in the street when I noticed a woman 1._______ ( come) up to me with a nervous smile and said, “Sir, can you help a person out? I haven't eaten for amost two days.” I handed 2.______ ( she ) a few quarters and watched her walk away. That area was so poor and 3.______ ( rule ) by drugs and crimes. I walked to the corner and stopped by the door of the ATM machine(自动取款机). Then I 4._____ ( walk) inside and made sure that no one came in behind me. I put my card into the machine and deposited my money with a sigh of relief. 5.______ I turned to leave , I saw a wallet sitting on another machine. I had a look at the name on the licence that I could not pronounce , but whoever he was, he was going to get into a panic over a wallet 6.______ his identification in it being lost in this city. I put it in my pocket and went home. In my apartment, I checked the online phone book 7.______ ( find) out whether there was someone who matched the name on the cards in the wallet , but without luck. I picked up the bank card and had 8.______ thought. Because I wanted to help the guy, I called his bank. But the girl over the phone said they could not give out any personal information about their clients. So I left my contact information with her and asked her to tell the 9.______ ( own)to contact me. Two days later, a gentleman who was 10._____ appeared at my office and I gave him back his wallet. I smiled all day long. Doing good for others does good for you. 【参考答案】 一、1. with 2.of 3.behind 4.on 5.by 6.in 7.at 8.from 9.for 10.to 二、1. coming 2.her 3.ruled 4.walked 5.As/When 6.with 7.to find 8.a 9.owner 10.thankful 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$