高考复习之重点语法突破-代词 讲义-2024届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考复习语法系列 重点语法突破 之 代词 基 础 考 法 考法一 考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法 高考题中会考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词，主要考查人称代词的主格和宾格的正确使用以及代司指代是否一致。解题时要厘清行文逻辑和句子成分，避免人称代同的主格和宾格混用或指代不一致。 【典例1】 1.(2020 ●浙江7月卷 ● B ) Now he hopes that other cities will consider making_____(they) streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger. 【答案和解析】: their. 根据句意及空后的streets可知, 本空与streets 之间为所属关系, 故填形容词性物主代词。 2. (2019 ●全国卷I ● B) when he brings_____ (he) speech to a nice conclusion , Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 【答案和解析】: his. 根据句意及空后的speech可知, 本空与speech 之间为所属关系, 故填形容词性物主代词。 3. (2020 ●天津7月卷 ● A ) They have transformed _____ ( they) into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesling people, or find out how fo start a business. 【答案和解析】: themselves. 此处应用themselves指代前面的主语 They, 表示“他们自己”。 4. (2019 ●全国卷III ● B ) For Westernm designers,China and_________ (it) rich culure have long been an inspiration for Western creative. 【答案和解析】: its. 从空后的rich culure可知, 此处需填形容词性物主代词。 【考法总结】：根据空格后的名词短语可以判定应填形容词性物主代词。 考法二 考查it的用法 对it的考查主要有以下两个方面: 一、it作替代词。高考通常考查it的替代功能，如指天气、时间等,也可以指代前面提到过的具体事件以及上文提到的同一个事物。。 【典例2】 1. (2020 ●江苏卷● 23 ) They decide to have more workers for the project so that _____won’t be delayed. 【答案和解析】：it. 考查代词。句意：他们决定让更多的工人来做这项工程，为了不拖延工期。此处指代的是前面提到的 the project，故要用 it。 2. The river was so polluted that _____ actually caught fire and burned. 【答案和解析】：it. 根据句子结构和句意可知，从句中缺少主语，设空处指代上文提到的The river。故填 it。 【考法总结】：that 从句中缺少主语，且此处应与主句的主语一致，为避免重复，用it代替。 2、 it作形式主语和形式宾语的句型及强调句型。 【典例3】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ·D )_____was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wantedme to read to them. 【答案和解析】：It. it在句中作形式主语, 真正的主语是to load up and go to the local library, where 引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰 the local library。在 where引导的定语从句中 they wanted me to read to them是定语从句, 修饰 books。 【考法总结】：英语中, 可以作形式主语或宾语, 而真正的主语或宾语可以是从句、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。 考法三 考查不定代词的用法 对不定代词的考查集中在其指代范围, 故解题时一定要明确其指代的对象。另外要准确区分易混的不定代词。 重点掌握下列几组易混问或短语的用法区别: 1. another, ather, the other, others, the others 2. all , bolh, either, neither, none , each, every 3. many, much 4. few, a few, little, a little 5. some , any 【典例4】 1. Niki is always full of ideas, but _________ is useful to my knowledge. 【答案和解析】：none. 根据句意和转折连词but 可知, 此处表示尼基的想法没有一个有用。代词none表示特指, 相当于“no+上文提到的名词”, 可以和of连用, 该空后省略了of his ideas。 【考法总结】：该空在句中作主语，应填代词或名词，此处指的是前面提到的想法，为避免重复，所以用代词。由but可知，此处应填表示全部否定意义的代词。故填 none。 2.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _______, knives and forks. 【答案和解析】：others. 根据句意可知, 设空处泛指 “其他的国家”。故用 others, 相当于other countries . 【考法总结】：some和others 经常放在一起使用, 看到some和 while 即可想到后面可能填others。 能 力 考 法 考 法 一 通过句子成分确定填什么代词 分析句子成分，如果句中缺主语，则可能填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it； 如果缺宾语，则可能填人称代词宾格； 如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物，则应填反身代词。 【典例5】 On my desk is a photo that my father took of _____ when I was a baby. 【答案和解析】：me. 设空处作介词of的宾语，应用人称代词宾格；再结合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填me。 考 法 二 通过句式结构判断是否填it 根据句式结构判断句子是否为含it的特殊句式即业作形式主语、形式宾语或用在强调句式中。 【典例6】 I’d appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 【答案和解析】：It. I’d appreciate it if....为固定句型，意为“如果……, 我将不胜感激”。it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代下文从句的内容。 【小题快练】 1、 根据句意填入合适的代词。 1. The course does not cost ______ , yet we can still learn a lot from it. 2. My mother always gave me some advice , but I seldom took ______ seriously. 3. If you miss your sister, you can just take out your phone and say “hello” to______ . 4. I wanted to do ______ special for Dr Johnson at his retirement party. 5. Don't allow those comments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire ______ . 6. Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of______ quick ability to learn. 7. Sometimes we may find______ difficult to follow the teacher and some slow learners may even give up learning English. 8. How do you like our club? I'm looking fporward to ______ early reply. 9. I’d like to introduce Sarah to you, She is a good friend of______ . 10. But after the test, ______ Bob and Mary were called to the teacher's office. 2、 语篇语法填空。 As a single mom, it is often hard for me to provide those little “extras” my children seem to want. About four weeks ago, my ll-year-old son came home from school and excitedly said that 1.______ musical instrument he had made from 2.______ ( recyele) products was chosen to be sent to the NYS Creen Nation Recycling Competition in Albany. There was a note 3.______ his teacher informing that my son 4.______ ( invite ) to attend the competition but the parents were expected to pay for their children. My son was excited. 5.______ I felt helpless. I didn’t have that kind of money. 6.______ was going to cost $300! Well, my son 7.______ (immediate) began to do part-time jobs so he could ear some money for the trip, and I began to work as much as I could 8.______ (put) a bit extra in as well. We prayed every night that somehow we would raise the money for him to attend the competition. At last, we got 9. ______ telephone call from the Deputy Sherif’s Association in our area, and much to our 10.______ (amaze) , this wonderful group of men and women would come togrther to sponsor my son, so he could attend this event! My son is truly blessed. 【参考答案】 一、1. much 2.it 3.her 4.something 5.you 6.their 7.it 8.your 9.mine 10.both 二、1. the 2.recycled 3.from 4.was invited 5.but 6.It 7.immediately 8.to put 9.a 10.amazement 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$