2024年高考英语I卷阅读理解D解析 讲义-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2024年高考英语新课标I卷阅读理解D篇解析及译文、词汇和长难句 D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,"said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?" Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,"said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods, and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species-that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32.What do we know about the records of species collected now? A.They are becoming outdated. B.They are mostly in electronic form. C.They are limited in number. D.They are used for public exhibition. 33.What does Daru's study focus on? A.Threatened species. B.Physical specimens. C.Observational data. D.Mobile applications. 34.What has led to the biases according to the study? A.Mistakes in data analysis. B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C.Improper way of sampling. D.Unreliable data collection devices. 35.What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps? A.Review data from certain areas. B.Hire experts to check the records. C.Confirm the identity of the users. D.Give guidance to citizen scientists 【文本解析】本文为一篇说明文，斯坦福大学的一项研究表明，照片、视频等其他数字化记录方式并不能全面地呈现生物多样性。研究使用全球的资料组，该资料组包含 19亿植物、昆虫、鸟和动物，这些数字化记录方式不能很好地覆盖全球的生物多样性，具有一定的偏差。人们可以使生物多样性应用程序在一定程度上处理这个问题。 32题【答案解析】B 事实细节题，根据第一段第二句话“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos and other digital records. ”，可知，如今，大多数生物多样性的的记录是以照片、视频以及其他数字化方式呈现的。所以，B选项中的“They are mostly in electronic form”，它们主要以电子方式呈现，属于同义改写，为正确答案。 33题 【答案解析】C事实细节题，根据第二段最后一句话“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?"，“现在，这些观察超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，并且既然我们越来越多地使用观察数据去调查物种对全球变化的反应，那么，我想知道：它们有用吗？”，我们可知，这句话引出下文Daru”的研究，该研究聚焦于全球的数据组，该数据组实则就是上文的观察数据，承接上文，所以答案为C，观察性数据。 34题【答案解析】C推理判断题，根据第四段“...the aspects of sampling that tend to biasata,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,"said Daru”,我们可知“.....抽样中容易产生偏差的数据，比如公民科学家拍摄开花照片的可能性更大而不是旁边的草，”，以及第五段“...these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods, and species”,可知，这些数据是偏差的，并且倾向于一些地区、时间段和物种。以及第五段“...who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby”“获得观察生物多样性数据的人往往是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触” 和“biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features”，“偏爱一些吸引力的和引人瞩目的的一些物种”，所以，他们记录样本的方式是不合适的，C选项的“不合适的方式去获取研究样本”为正确答案。 35题【答案解析】D 推理判断题, 根据最后一段““Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species-that are not well-sampled.”，“生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种不足”，以及最后一段“biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”“生物多样性应用程序也可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的照片的身份”，这里的“lead them to...”和“have an expert confirm ...”等同于“Give guidance to citizen scientists”而且，在这个句子中，users 指题干中的 citizen scientists, 所以，我们可知，Daru对生物多样性应用程序的建议为“给数字化科学家提供指导”，所以答案为D. 【题源网址】 https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/05/study-examines-biases-coverage-gaps 2024年高考英语新课标I卷译文、词汇和长难句 【译文】 为了在地球上的物种灭绝之前记录它们，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。今天，大多数生物多样性的记录都是通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。尽管它们在查明一个地区物种数量和种类的变化方面很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种记录并不完美。 “随着科技的发展，人们借助移动应用程序很容易观察到不同的物种。”巴纳巴斯·达鲁说，他是这项研究的主要作者，也是斯坦福大学人文科学学院生物学助理教授。“这些观察现在超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，并且因为我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种是如何应对全球变化的，我想知道:它们可用吗?” 利用一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据组，他的团队测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。 “我们特别感兴趣的是探索抽样中容易产生偏差的数据，比如公民科学家拍摄开花照片的可能性更大而不是旁边的草，”达鲁说。 他们的研究表明，大量的观测——只有记录，并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。此外，这些数据是有偏见的，倾向于某些地区、时间段和物种。这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。这些数据也偏向于某些具有吸引力或引人注目的物种特性。 对于不完善的生物多样性数据组，我们能做些什么? “很多，”达鲁解释说。“生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地区，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的照片的身份。 【词汇】 序号 词汇 词性 阅读原文呈现 阅读中的词义 1 document n. document the species 记录，记载 2 extinct adj they go extinct 灭绝的 3 biodiversity n. most records of biodiversity 生物多样性 4 shift n. detecting shifts 变化 5 outnumber v. outnumber the primary data 超过 6 investigate v. investigate how species are responding 查明 7 pattern n.. global biodiversity patterns 样式，模式 8 likelihood n. the greater likelihood 可能性 9 reveal v. Their study revealed 揭示，揭露 10 favor v. favor certain regions 偏爱，倾向 11 confirm v. confirm the identification 确认，证实 12 identification n. confirm the identification 鉴定，身份 【短语】 序号 短语 阅读原文呈现 阅读中的词义 1 in the form of Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records. 以...形式 2 with the rise of With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application 由于......的增加 3 with the aid of With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application 在......的帮助下 4 respond to since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change 对......作出反应 5 the aspects of We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差)data ......的方面 6 makes sense This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 有道理，说得通 7 be biased toward These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. 对......有偏见的 8 inform... of ... “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species-that are not well-sampled. 告知..... 【长难句解析】 1. In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. 句意：为了在地球上的物种灭绝之前记录它们，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。 in the race to... 在.....的竞赛中；为了 2.Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 句意：利用一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据组，他的团队测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。 结构：Using a global dataset...非谓语动词短语引导状语从句，his team tested引导宾语从句。 3.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 句意：这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。 结构：because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句，recording their encounters with...为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰citizens。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$