2024年中考英语语法复习 —现在完成时课件

现在完成时 初中英语语法 1 什么是现在完成时？ 现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 2 完成时态的构成分为两部分：一是助动词，二是实义动词的过去分词（一般情况加-ed）。具体来说，用助动词have/has表示“时”，以表明动作发生的时间；用过去分词来表示动作的“态”，以表明该动作已经完成，而且对现在有一定的影响。 3 一、基本构成：have/has+done I have finished my homework. 我已完成了作业。 （这里的finished就是动词finish的过去分词。） 4 二、现在完成时不同人称的用法 I have washed my car.我洗过车子了。 We have done the whole work.我们干完了所有活儿。 They have gone.他们已经走了。 Have you seen the doctor？ 你看过医生了吗？ 在现在完成时中，当主语是I/you/we/they时，助动词用have；当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词用has。 5 三、现在完成时的使用 1.表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在所产生的影响 He has left the city. 他已离开了这个城市。（结果：他不在这个城市。） The boys have broken the window. 男孩们把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着。） 6 2.表示过去发生的动作到目前还在持续 He has waited for you for 3 hours. 他等你三个小时了。 He has been busy since last week. 自上个星期以来他一直很忙。 7 在现在完成时中have been 指的是去过某地但已经回来，而have gone指的是去了某地，还未回来。 I have been to Beijing.我去过北京。（已回） I have gone to Beijing.我去了北京。（未回） 8 四、现在完成时的句式变化 1.否定句 在have/has后面加not，可缩写成haven’t或者hasn’t。 I haven’t heard from him yet. 我还没有收到他的信。 He hasn’t arrived.他还没有到。 9 2.一般疑问句 将have/has 提到句首。 Have you tried the new dress？ 你试过这件新连衣裙了吗？ 肯定回答：Yes，I have. Has your father fixed the car？ 你爸爸修过车了吗？ 否定回答：No，he hasn’t. 10 3.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他 What has he done for the children？ 他为孩子们做了些什么？ What have you got？ 你得到了什么？ How long have you been here？ 你们来这里多久了？ 11 五、现在完成时的标志性词或短语 比较常见的有： already 已经　　 yet 还　　　 since 自从　　 for 表示一段时间 recently 最近　　 just 刚刚　　ever 曾经　　 never 从未 来看看这些单词在使用时的注意要点： 12 1.since+时间点；for+时间段 He has waited here since nine o’clock this morning.他从今早九点就等在这儿了。 He has waited here for three hours.他在这里等了三个小时了。 13 2.already用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句 I have already told you. 我已经告诉你了。 He hasn’t told me the truth yet. 他还没有告诉我真相。 14 3.ever指曾经；never表示否定 —Have you ever been there？ 你去过那儿吗？ —Never.从没。 15 现在完成时在使用时常常隐含着“已经”“仍然”的意思，在使用的时候有一些需要注意的地方，我们来一起看一看： ★现在完成时和一般过去时的时间状语不同，现在完成时常用的时间状语有：this week，since 2003，for a week等；一般过去时常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last week，in 2003等。 The city has changed a lot since1939. 这个城市自从1939年开始发生了很大变化。 16 ★现在完成时有些时候也与表示频率的时间状语连用。 They have already seen the film twice. 这部电影他们已经看了两次。 Never have I been there. 我从未去过那里。 17 过去分词变化 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。五点变化规则： (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed ”。 work---worked,visit---visited (2)以不发音的“e、ue”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“-d ”。 live---lived 18 (3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”。 study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried (4)“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母（w、y、x除外），辅音字母前只有一个元音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。 stop—stopped,plan—planned 19 特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“-ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写"l",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled，dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。 例如：kidnap→kidnapped，worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“-ed”。 20 (5)以c结尾的动词，要变c为ck，再加“-ed”。 picnic→picnicked，traffic→trafficked (6)以及一些不规则变化动词 know→known ，get→got 21 第四部分 PART 04 练习 22 1 . —Where ________ Lewis ________? —Maybe he is in the stadium. He ________ for the annual school sports meeting these days. A．did... go; has trained B．has... been going; has been training C．has... gone; has trained D．has... gone; has been training D 23 2 . —Your cooking is much better now. —Thanks. I ________ with my mom in the past few weeks. A．practised B．were practising C．have been practising C 24 3 . —Where is mother? —She is in the kitchen. She ________ the housework all morning. A．is doing B．was doing C．has done D．has been doing D 25 4 . She ________ the letter since two hours ago. A．wrote B．has been writing C．is writing D．will write B 26 5 . —I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone. —Sorry, I ________ at that time. A．mustn’t; would have been sleeping B．couldn’t; should have slept C．couldn’t; must have been sleeping D．might not; need have been slept C 27 6 . We___________ busy preparing for the School Art Festival since last week. A．were B．are C．will be D．have been D 28 7 . My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years. A．was working B．is working C．has been working D．will working C 29 8 . Housing prices ________ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government ________ some effective measures to bring them under control. A．have increased; would take B．have increased; will take C．have been increasing; takes D．have been increasing; took D 30 9 . —Emma, how long has Amy been collecting old clothes for making bags? —Hmm, ________. A．three years ago B．twice a month C．in three years D．for three years D 31 10 . The couple ________ their new flat since the end of last month. They haven't finished yet. A．have been decorating B．have decorated C．has been decorating D．was decorating A 32 11 . I'm sorry you so long, but it'll still be some time before Jim gets back. A．wait B．waited C．had waited D．have been waiting D 33 12 . I’ve been ________for five hours. A．skate B．skating C．skated B 34 13 . The radar sets ________ for a long time without any trouble. A．have been running B．have been run C．have run D．were running A 35 14 . I ______ in No.1 Middle School since two years ago . A．have studied B．was studying C．studied D．have been studying D 36 15 . “I _____ as everyone expects ”, Yao Ming said . A．haven’t played B．haven’t been playing C．didn’t play D．am not playing B 37 16 . She ought to stop working; she has a headache because she_____ too long. A．has been reading B．had read C．is reading D．read A 38 17 . —Hi, Tracy, you look tired. —I am tired. I_____the living room all day. A．painted B．had painted C．have been painting D．have painted C 39 $$