高三英语上学期开学考试（北京卷）-2024-2025学年高三英语上学期开学考试

绝密★考试结束前 2024年高三上学期开学考试（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 It was my first day of high school, and it was my first day of school in a new city. There was only one thing on my mind: what to wear. A good image is everything, so it was important for me to 1 the people who I would spend the next four years with. For the first time in my life, I thought about how convenient it would be to wear the school uniform. After carefully selecting, I emerged proudly in a patterned dress. An hour later, I felt 2 as I stepped off the bus and headed toward room 1136. But as I turned the corner into my first class, my jaw dropped to the floor. Sitting at her desk was Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, 3 the exact same dress as I. I kept my head down and tiptoed to my seat, but the first day meant introductions in front of the whole class, and soon enough it was my 4 . I made it through my minute speech, until Mrs. Hutfilz stood up, jokingly adding that she liked my 5 . Although this was the moment I had been worrying from the moment I walked in, all the 6 that had increased surprisingly melted away; the students who had previously been staring at their phones 7 their heads as I shared my story. My smile grew as I laughed with my peers, ending my speech with “And I am very stylish, much like my first period 8 .” After class, I stayed behind and talked to Mrs. Hutfilz, sharing my previous worry about coming into a new school and city. I was 9 to make a humorous and genuine connection with my first teacher, one that would continue for the rest of the year. While my first period of high school may not have gone exactly the way I thought it would, it certainly made the day 10 in the best way, and taught me that Mrs. Hutfilz has an awesome sense of style! 1．A．impress B．surprise C．please D．encourage 2．A．shy B．lucky C．free D．powerful 3．A．preparing B．wearing C．hiding D．designing 4．A．turn B．chance C．reward D．solution 5．A．writing B．style C．speech D．voice 6．A．happiness B．confidence C．boredom D．anxiety 7．A．nodded B．buried C．raised D．touched 8．A．neighbor B．peer C．teacher D．friend 9．A．relieved B．nervous C．patient D．embarrassed 10．A．unpredictable B．unforgettable C．unbearable D．unchangeable 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 11 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 12 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 13 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. B The horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels 14 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily 15 (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmonizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It 16 (prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it. C It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 17 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally 18 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 19 (happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind 20 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Many things come to mind when I think of a great vacation. Impressive scenery and delicious food are certainly on my list. Those two features can’t always be found in the same location. However, amazing views and great food are both on the menu at the following three restaurants.The Rock. Zanzibar On an enormous stone off the coast of the East African island of Zanzibar sits The Rock. The freshest seafood, much of it straight from the surrounding ocean, is always available here. Fresh lobster, prawns, octopus salad and calamari are just a few of the appetizing dining options. At low tide, customers can walk out to The Rock. As the water rises, though, customers must take a short boat ride to it. Once they arrive, they’re greeted by friendly staff and 360-degree views of beautiful blue-green water. The Rock, sometimes called the “floating restaurant,” is available for weddings and other small group events. The Labasin Waterfalls Restaurant, Philippines Stunning waterfalls sometimes have restaurants at the top. But the Labasin Waterfalls, in San Pablo City, Philippines, are different. A restaurant sits at the bottom of these falls. Guests dine on authentic Filipino meals at bamboo tables that stand right in the water. They cool their feet in the water that flows under their tables. The surrounding jungle makes a perfect background for this one-of-a-kind dining experience. The Grotto, Thailand The Grotto Restaurant on Thailand’s Phra Nang Beach offers delicious food and an incredible dining experience. The restaurant is partly positioned inside a cave and partly on the beach. Guests seated toward the front look out at Happy Island in the lovely Andaman Sea. Those seated at the back enjoy an authentic cave-dining experience. Comfortable tables are arranged inside the cave. International food with a Thai influence is featured. For your next travel-and-dining adventure, why not make a reservation at one of these unique restaurants? 21．What do we know about The Rock? A．It is located on an enormous ship. B．It is suitable for holding a wedding celebration. C．Customers can walk out to the restaurant all the time. D．The tables stand right in the beautiful blue-green water. 22．What do the three restaurants have in common? A．Customers can enjoy the beautiful views of the sea. B．Short boat rides are needed to get to these restaurants. C．They offer the freshest seafood from the surrounding ocean. D．They integrate delicious food with incredible dining experiences. 23．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To call on readers to visit the unique restaurants. B．To present available restaurants for readers to work in. C．To introduce the delicious food offered in the restaurants. D．To remind people to take a break from the busy schedules. B When I was named CEO of a global company in 2006, I was determined to run the company so that it would both deliver good short-term performance and thrive in the long term, years after I was gone. It was already in good shape, but I dreamed of creating a defining corporation of the 21st century, proud of its root, yet global and responsible in the shifting times. For months, I quietly read all I could about the big social trends influencing business. I walked the market, and examined employees’ feedback. I also dug deep into the obligations of public corporations. From all of this emerged a vision for the company that guided us for the next dozen years or so. I called it “Performance with Purpose”. The goal was to deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additional clear objects: to nourish humanity and the communities, to protect our environment and to cherish our people. My motivation was wholly to “future proof”, or de-risk. And it worked. In my 12 years as CEO, total shareholder return was 149%, and net profit jumped 80%. We cut the salt, fat, and sugar in so da and chips, added more healthful brands and products, and lowered the amount of water needed. We kept innovation going and our design studios won many awards. Our talent academy was so brilliant that nine senior managers left to take CEO jobs elsewhere. I believe that leaders must think from the future back, even when things are going fine. And we now have a framework to help: the evolving templates (模板) for environmental, social, and governance metrics (ESG衡量标准) that, in essence, serve to de-risk companies and markets. These criteria force discussion of hard truths for anyone with the ambition to stay relevant in the long term. If the metrics are carefully selected, ESG is not contrary to investors’ interests. Importantly, de-risking the company actually creates shareholder value. “Performance with Purpose” presented tough moments for me, including when one investor questioned, “Who do you think you are? A philanthropist (慈善家)?” But skepticism faded when a collective mission took hold that included both the bottom line and much beyond. This was my hope from the start. 24．The author’s new vision for the company came from _________. A．its unique cultural root B．her thorough research C．customers’ fundamental needs D．shareholders’ strong requirements 25．According to “Performance with Purpose”, an ideal company should _________. A．shift its strategies properly B．value employees’ feedback C．shoulder social responsibility D．prioritize financial returns 26．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The risks a company may face. B．The author’s ambition to create value. C．The interests investors seek after. D．The author’s recipe for successful business. 27．As CEO, the author can be best described as _________. A．inspiring and warm-hearted B．determined and far-sighted C．ambitious and generous D．modest and strategic C Creativity is commonly thought of as a personality trait that resides within the individual. We count on creative people to produce the songs, movies, and books we love, to invent the new gadgets that can change our lives, and to discover the new scientific theories and philosophies that can change the way we view the world. Over the past several years, however, social psychologists have discovered that creativity is not only a characteristic of the individual, but may also change depending on the situation and context. The question, of course, is what those situations are: what makes us more creative at times and less creative at others? One answer is psychological distance. According to the Construal Level Theory (CLT) of psychological distance, anything that we do not experience as occurring now, here, and to ourselves falls into the “psychologically distant” category. It's also possible to induce a state of “psychological distance” simply by changing the way we think about a particular problem, such as attempting to take another person’s perspective, or by thinking of the question as if it were unreal and unlikely. In this new paper, by Lile Jia and colleagues at Indiana University, scientists have demonstrated that increasing psychological distance so that a problem feels farther away can actually increase creativity. Why does psychological distance increase creativity? According to CLT, psychological distance affects the way we mentally represent things, so that distant things are represented in a relatively abstract way while psychologically near things seem more concrete. Consider, for instance, a corn plant. A concrete representation would refer to the shape, color, taste, and smell of the plant, and connect the item to its most common use—a food product. An abstract representation, on the other hand, might refer to the corn plant as a source of energy or as a fast-growing plant. These more abstract thoughts might lead us to contemplate other, less common uses for corn, such as a source for ethanol, or to use the plant to create mazes for children. What this example demonstrates is how abstract thinking makes it easier for people to form surprising connections between seemingly unrelated concepts, such as fast-growing plants (corn) and fuel for cars (ethanol) . In this most recent study, Jia examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity. Participants performed a creative generation task, in which they were asked to list as many different modes of transportation as possible. This task was introduced as having been developed either by Indiana University students studying in Greece (distant condition) or by Indiana University students studying in Indiana (near condition) . As predicated, participants in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than participants in the near condition. 28．What can we learn about psychological distance? A．It brings more abstract concepts into our mind. B．It builds uncommon connections in our mind. C．It enables us to know more uses of common things. D．It makes problems easier to be solved. 29．Which of the following is true of spatial distance according to Jia’s study? A．Distant condition is related to people’s creative ability. B．It makes students in Indiana list more modes of transportation. C．It enables people to generate more abstract ideas. D．It helps one to take another person’s perspective. 30．Which would be the best title of the passage? A．Formation of Abstract Thoughts B．Formation of Connections among Concepts C．Ways to Create Psychological Distance D．An Easy Approach to Promote Creativity D In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impacts on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting (传授) of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally acknowledged task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical (激进的) shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. While higher education has become a great “growth industry”, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita (人均) outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction. Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to fulfill the demands of research rather than those of teaching. 31．According to the passage, ________ should be the most important function of institutions of higher education. A．creating new knowledge B．providing solutions to social problems C．making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students D．preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge 32．In American universities, there is a contradiction (矛盾) between ________. A．more students and less investment B．education quality and economic profit C．low enrollment rate and high dropout rate D．private ownership and American commitment 33．Which is True about American universities? A．Most teachers are devoted to improving their competence in instruction. B．Research occupies more resources and teachers’ attention than teaching. C．The institutions’ organization tends to meet the demands of teaching. D．The lack of trained faculty leads to the decline in the quality of researches. 34．We can infer from the passage that________. A．high quality attracts students to stay in public universities B．the American commitment is to blame for all the difficulties C．higher education used to have a priority in government budgets D．the increasing expenses for each student drain the national resources 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best. Do you check your text messages before sending? 35 If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect. This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky Fink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. 36 Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone. The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). 37 The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters. It’s not just about word count. 38 Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best. From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy. 39 It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all. A．If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too. B．They can also get puzzled by social media platforms. C．If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect. D．They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer. E．Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted on. F．Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in your message is worth caring about. G．Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that you know what you’re talking about. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 40．What made the plane on which they were flying crash? 41．Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. 43．What lesson can you learn from the story?  (In about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的好友Jim是北京一所国际学校的篮球队队长，你校计划组织一场校际篮球比赛，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.发出比赛邀请； 2.提议比赛安排。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者上学的第一天和老师穿了一样的衣服，在作者感到尴尬时，老师用幽默的话语缓解了尴尬，给作者留下了难忘的记忆。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个好的形象就是一切，所以对我来说，给那些和我一起度过接下来四年的人留下深刻印象是很重要的。A. impress使印象深刻；B. surprise使惊讶；C. please使快乐；D. encourage鼓励。根据上文“A good image is everything”可知，作者想留下深刻印象。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个小时后，当我下了车，朝1136房间走去时，我感到很有力量。A. shy害羞的；B. lucky幸运的；C. free自由的； D. powerful有力量的。根据上文“After carefully selecting, I emerged proudly in a patterned dress.”可知，作者感到很有力量。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐在她桌前的是我的英语老师胡菲尔兹夫人，她穿着和我一模一样的衣服。A. preparing准备；B. wearing穿；C. hiding 躲藏；D. designing设计。根据上文“what to wear”以及下文“the exact same dress as”可知，作者和老师穿着一样的衣服。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我低着头，踮着脚尖走到座位上，但第一天的课程意味着要在全班同学面前做自我介绍，很快就轮到我了。A. turn转动，轮流；B. chance机会；C. reward回报；    D. solution解决措施。根据下文“I made it through my minute speech”可知，轮到作者自我介绍了。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我做了一分钟的演讲，直到哈菲尔茨夫人站起来，开玩笑地补充说她喜欢我的风格。A. writing写作；B. style风格；C. speech演讲； D. voice声音。作者和老师穿着同样一款衣服，所以老师开玩笑地说很喜欢作者的风格。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然从我走进来的那一刻起，我就一直在担心，但所有增加的焦虑都令人惊讶地消失了。A. happiness幸福；B. confidence自信；C. boredom厌倦；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文“worrying”可知，作者的焦虑增加了。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我分享我的故事时，之前一直盯着手机的学生都抬起了头。A. nodded点头；B. buried埋葬；C. raised提高； D. touched触摸。根据上文“the students who had previously been staring at their phones”可知，盯着手机看的同学在作者分享故事时抬起了头。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我和同学们一起大笑时，我的笑容越来越灿烂，最后以“而且我很时尚，很像我的第一节课的老师”结束了我的演讲。A. neighbor邻居；B. peer同辈人；C. teacher教师；D. friend朋友。根据上文“Sitting at her desk was Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher”可知，这里指的是老师。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和我的第一位老师建立了一种幽默而真诚的联系，这让我松了一口气，这种联系在那一年剩下的时间里一直持续着。A. relieved 放心的；B. nervous紧张的；C. patient耐心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“make a humorous and genuine connection with my first teacher”可知，作者和作者的第一位老师建立了一种幽默而真诚的联系，这让作者松了一口气，不那么焦虑了。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的第一段高中生活可能并不完全像我想象的那样，但它确实以最好的方式让这一天难忘，并让我知道哈菲尔兹夫人有一种令人敬畏的时尚感!。A. unpredictable不可预测的；B. unforgettable难以忘记的；C. unbearable不可忍受的；D. unchangeable不变化的。根据上文可知，作者和老师穿着同样一款衣服，且老师很有幽默感以及下文“taught me that Mrs. Hutfilz has an awesome sense of style!”可知，这一天很难忘。故选B项。 11．Having won 12．to improve 13．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用having done形式，首字母大写。故填Having won。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处improve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to improve。 13．考查状语从句。句意：他们相信，无论年龄多大，拼搏到底的马拉松精神都是必不可少的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what。故填what。 14．attached 15．represents 16．is preferred 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马面裙的历史以及受欢迎的情况。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它有两个嵌板连接在一条腰带上，它们在身体前面重叠形成一个“裙门”，就像古代城墙上的马面防御一样。此处attach与panels构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填attached。 15．考查时态。句意：它主要代表了一种中国哲学观念，即和谐的力量和温柔。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填represents。 16．考查时态语态。句意：它受到传统服装爱好者的青睐，他们一直在继续发展它。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，根据语境可知陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is preferred。 17．stressful 18．healthier 19．will happen 20．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。 17．考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词periods应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。 18．考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“become better”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。 19．考查时态。句意：一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。此处从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will happen。 20．考查定语从句。句意：这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。定语从句修饰先行词state of mind，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。 21．B 22．D 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了三家既有美味的食物也有美丽的风景的三家餐馆。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Rock, sometimes called the “floating restaurant,” is available for weddings and other small group events.(岩石，有时被称为“浮动餐厅”，可用于婚礼和其他小组活动。)”可知，此处适合举行婚礼。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, amazing views and great food are both on the menu at the following three restaurants.(然而，以下三家餐厅的菜单上都有迷人的景色和美味的食物。)”可知，这三家餐馆的共同之处就是既有迷人的景色也有美味的食物。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For your next travel-and-dining adventure, why not make a reservation at one of these unique restaurants?(对于你的下一次旅行和用餐的冒险，为什么不预订一个这些独特的餐厅呢？)”可知，这篇文章的目的号召读者们去拜访这三家餐馆。故选A。 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，作者于2006年成为一家全球公司的CEO时，决心让公司在短期内取得佳绩，并在作者离开后依然长期繁荣。作者提出“绩效与目的”的愿景，旨在实现财务成功的同时，关注社会责任、环境保护和员工发展。 24．推理判断题。由文章第二段“For months, I quietly read all I could about the big social trends influencing business. I walked the market, and examined employees’ feedback. I also dug deep into the obligations of public corporations. From all of this emerged a vision for the company that guided us for the next dozen years or so. I called it “Performance with Purpose”. The goal was to deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additional clear objects: to nourish humanity and the communities, to protect our environment and to cherish our people. (几个月来，我静静地阅读了所有影响商业的重大社会趋势。我在市场里走了一圈，查看了员工的反馈。我还深入研究了公共企业的义务。从这一切中，我们看到了公司未来十几年的发展方向。我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，作者进行了大量的研究工作，包括阅读有关影响商业的重大社会趋势的资料、考察市场以及深入研究公共公司的义务，基于这些研究形成了新的公司愿景。故选B项。 25．推理判断题。由文章第二段“I called it “Performance with Purpose”. The goal was to deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additional clear objects: to nourish humanity and the communities, to protect our environment and to cherish our people. (我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，一个理想的公司应该承担社会责任。故选C项。 26．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“I believe that leaders must think from the future back, even when things are going fine. And we now have a framework to help: the evolving templates (模板) for environmental, social, and governance metrics (ESG衡量标准) that, in essence, serve to de-risk companies and markets. These criteria force discussion of hard truths for anyone with the ambition to stay relevant in the long term. If the metrics are carefully selected, ESG is not contrary to investors’ interests. Importantly, de-risking the company actually creates shareholder value. (我认为，领导者必须从未来的角度考虑问题，即使事情进展顺利。我们现在有了一个可以提供帮助的框架：不断发展的环境、社会和治理指标模板（ESG衡量标准），从本质上讲，这些模板有助于企业和市场降低风险。这些标准迫使任何有志于长期保持相关性的人讨论残酷的事实。如果这些指标经过精心挑选，ESG并不会违背投资者的利益。重要的是，降低公司风险实际上创造了股东价值。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者如何通过ESG衡量标准来为公司“去风险”，这是作者成功经商的秘诀。故选D项。 27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“When I was named CEO of a global company in 2006, I was determined to run the company so that it would both deliver good short-term performance and thrive in the long term, years after I was gone.   It was already in good shape, but I dreamed of creating a defining corporation of the 21st century, proud of its root, yet global and responsible in the shifting times. (2006年，当我被任命为一家跨国公司的首席执行官时，我决心管理这家公司，让它在我离开多年后，既能提供良好的短期业绩，又能保持长期繁荣。它已经处于良好的状态，但我梦想着创建一个21世纪的标志性公司，为自己的根源感到自豪，同时在不断变化的时代具有全球性和责任感。)”可知，作者作为CEO，不仅决心要让公司在短期内表现良好，还致力于长期发展，提出了前瞻性的“Performance with Purpose”愿景，并成功实施，使公司在经济、社会和环境等多方面取得显著成效。这表明作者既坚定又具有远见卓识。故选B项。 28．A 29．A 30．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to CLT, psychological distance affects the way we mentally represent things, so that distant things are represented in a relatively abstract way while psychologically near things seem more concrete.”（根据CLT，心理距离影响我们在心理上表征事物的方式，所以距离远的事物以相对抽象的方式表征，而心理上近的事物似乎更具体。）可推知，心理距离会带来更多抽象的概念。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As predicated, participants in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than participants in the near condition.”（如预测的那样，处于远距离条件的参与者比处于近距离条件的参与者产生了更多的、原创的交通方式。）可推知，空间距离与人们的创造力有关。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Why does psychological distance increase creativity?”（为什么心理距离能增加创造力？）以及第四段“In this most recent study, Jia examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity.”（在最近的研究中，贾研究了空间距离对创造力的影响。）可知，本文主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。因此最佳标题应该是“An Easy Approach to Promote Creativity”（一种简单的提升创造力的方法）。故选D。 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者就美国大学现在存在的问题进行了论述，作者从美国社会越来越依赖大学谈起，探讨了现在美国大学的尴尬局面，科研和教学无法兼顾，美国大学到底是要科研还是要教学？ 31．细节理解题。由第一段中的“In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impacts on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting (传授) of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. (此外，这种专注于创造新知识的做法，对大学履行其他主要职能、传播和解释知识——传授过去的遗产以及为下一代继承遗产做准备的努力产生了重大影响)”可知，高等教育的主要任务是知识的传承与解释——对过去遗产的传播和教育年青一代并将其发扬，D项“储备学生去传输遗产历史知识”与作者的观点一致。故选D项。 32．细节理解题。由第二段“With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally acknowledged task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical (激进的) shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. (关于这一点，也许是他们最传统的公认任务，今天的学院和大学普遍发现自己陷入了严重的困境。一方面，美国承诺为所有能从中获益的年轻人提供高等教育，这一承诺尤其是自二战以来达成的。这一承诺的结果是，我们大学的入学人数大幅增加，同时高等教育从私立部门向公立部门发生了根本性转变。另一方面，高等教育可用的资源仍然存在着严重和持久的局限性)”可知，目前很多美国大学和学院常常处于一种尴尬的境地就是学生越来越多，但高等教育可用资源有限，即A项“更多的学生和更少的投入”。故选A项。 33．细节理解题。由最后一段“Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to fulfill the demands of research rather than those of teaching. (如上所述，加剧这些困难是因为对研究的担忧，因为研究对资源的要求相互矛盾，并引起了教员的关注。此外，大学的组织机构和功能存在着强烈的倾向性，即满足科研而不是满足教育的需要)”可知，就美国大学和学院而言，研究比教学占用更多的资源和教师的注意力。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。由第三段中的“With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita (人均) outlay for their students. (随着入学率的大幅度提高和国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，公立大学花在每个大学生身上的钱已经明显下降)”可知，现在国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，说明以前高等教育在国家和各州的财政上是有优先权的。故选C项。 35．C 36．B 37．D 38．E 39．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一本关于如何更好地写作的书。 35．上文“Do you check your text messages before sending?(你发短信前检查过吗？)”提出一个问题：你发短信前检查过吗？结合下文“If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜欢快速完成任务，即使它们并不完美)”可知，空处是描述肯定的情况，C项“如果你检查，你可能喜欢把最简单的信息变得完美”符合语境，故选C。 36．上文“People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts.(人们每天都会收到很多信息，从电子邮件到短信)”提到，人们每天都会收到很多信息，结合下文“Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone.(几乎每个人每天都会多次决定要读什么、略读什么或忽略什么)”可知，人们会对社交媒体平台收到的很多信息感到困惑，B项“他们也会对社交媒体平台感到困惑”符合语境，故选B。 37．根据上文“For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%).(例如，他们给数千名学校董事会成员发了一封电子邮件，要求他们参加一项调查。他们把邮件缩短了，从127个单词缩短到49个单词，得到了两倍的回复(从2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，缩短邮件得到了两倍的回复，D项“他们发现，较长的信息会让人们认为完成任务需要更长的时间”对上文进一步阐释，故选D。 38．根据上文“It’s not just about word count.(这不仅仅是字数的问题)”和下文“Reducing the number of options has the same effect.(减少选项的数量也有同样的效果)”可知，本段是描述缩短邮件得到更多回复的原因，E项“将信息集中在一个想法上，或者尽可能少，有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动”符合语境，故选E。 39．空处是段首主题句，根据下文“It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all.(快速发送信息并寄希望于最好的结果可能是诱人的。但是花时间为读者写作是有好处的。如果你发送了一条匆忙的信息，而读者却忽略了它，那就好像你根本没有发送它一样)”可知，本段是说要花点时间写信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A项“如果每个人都是忙碌的读者，那么每个人也都是忙碌的作家”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。 40．Engine problems. 41．Because the weather was bad. 42．The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 43．The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四名哥伦比亚儿童在亚马逊失事后幸存超过一个月，靠着他们土著背景和对雨林的熟悉生存下来。他们知道如何在丛林中找到食物，并且与亚马逊和谐相处。经过40天的搜救，他们被发现并送往医院康复。 40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023.(他们乘坐的单引擎塞斯纳飞机在2023年5月1日出现了发动机问题，随后消失了。)”可知，他们乘坐的飞机坠毁了是因为引擎出了问题。故答案为Engine problems. 41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. (恶劣的天气使军队在两周内无法找到坠机地点，后来他们在那里发现了三具成年人的尸体，其中包括孩子们的母亲。)”可知，事故发生后军队花了很长时间才找到孩子们是因为恶劣的天气。故答案为Because the weather was bad. 42．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.(他们与亚马逊合作，而不是对抗亚马逊，他们靠水果和种子生存，同时给婴儿喂食他们在飞机上找到的混合了丝兰粉的水。)”可知，孩子们幸存下来不是因为他们与雨林作斗争，而是因为他们利用了对雨林的深入了解。他们知道哪些水果可以安全食用，哪些植物应该避免食用，利用雨林的资源而不是与之对抗，因此错误的部分为“fighting against(对抗亚马逊雨林)”，故答案为The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 43．开放性试题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.(虽然世界上许多人都认为这个幸存的故事是一个奇迹，但也有人指出，这是土著社区世代相传的古老而亲密的热带雨林知识的结果。土著部落与亚马逊有着密切的关系，他们深深尊重为他们提供住所和营养成分的森林。毫无疑问，正是他们与雨林的密切联系和对雨林的了解帮助了孩子们的生存。)”可知，这个故事强调了传统知识和尊重环境的重要性。它强调了土著智慧的价值和他们对自然的深刻理解，展示了这些知识如何对在充满挑战的情况下生存至关重要，故答案为The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. 44．Dear Jim, I hope this email finds you well. As the captain of your basketball team, I’m writing to invite your team to participate in an inter-school basketball match organized by our school, Red Star High. The match is scheduled to take place on the weekend of the coming month, with the specific date and venue to confirm soon. It would be a fantastic opportunity for both teams to showcase their skills and foster friendship through sports. I’m confident that your team’s participation would add to the excitement and competitiveness of the event. Looking forward to your positive response and hope to see you on the court soon! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim写信，邀请他参加学校组织的一场校际篮球比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：participate in→take part in 极好的：fantastic→excellent 机会：opportunity→chance 培养：foster→develop 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As the captain of your basketball team, I’m writing to invite your team to participate in an inter-school basketball match organized by our school, Red Star High. 拓展句：As the captain of your basketball team, I’m writing to invite your team to participate in an inter-school basketball match which is organized by our school, Red Star High. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The match is scheduled to take place on the weekend of the coming month, with the specific date and venue to confirm soon. (运用了with的复合结构作状语) 【高分句型2】I’m confident that your team’s participation would add to the excitement and competitiveness of the event. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$