高三英语上学期开学考试（上海卷）-2024-2025学年高三英语上学期开学考试

绝密★考试结束前 2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A French bakery has become a tourist attraction in Nanping township, which is part of Zhuhai, a coastal city in Guangdong province. Papa Romantic, located in Beishan community, attracts a large number of Chinese and foreigners alike. After 1 (taste)the bakery’s bread, some Chinese students who have returned from abroad have expressed admiration, while foreigners who lived in Zhuhai but moved to other Chinese cities such as Beijing 2 (continue) to have bread and pastries from the shop 3 (ship) to them. The bakery is a welcoming environment for those who want to sit and enjoy authentic French cuisine. On one side is a well-preserved old ancestral hall, and on the other side are lush trees that provide shade 4 the sun. The shop has a bright storefront, and the aroma of the bread, the aluminum tables and the chairs under sun umbrellas display a peaceful atmosphere away from the hustle and bustle. At Papa Romantic, the best-selling items include baguettes, croissants, sandwiches, crepes and cookies. In addition, some unique treats such as fig bread and colorful macrons are also popular among young customers. Owner and baker Ronan Salaun, 5 comes from the Brittany region of France, said the ingredients at his bakery 6 (import), and he refuses to use chemicals or additives in his food. 7 his friends return to France, they know they need to bring him some crystal salt from a natural salt pond in France. The black pepper he uses comes from Madagascar. “Simple things are important, and the quality of salt and pepper makes a big difference,” Salaun said. While remaining true to his French roots, he has also taken into consideration the dietary habits of Chinese people. “Chinese locals prefer soft crust bread, while French like the crusty one. I sell both kinds. I can’t just maintain the original characteristics; I must adapt to locals’ preferences,” he said. A former mechanical engineer, Salaun, was sent by a Hong Kong company to work at a furniture factory in Wanzai township, Zhuhai, in November 2000. He said he couldn’t have imagined how much his life would change with that move. At that time, Wanzai was a tiny town 8 (border) Macao known for its flower trade. For Salaun, life in Wanzai seemed simple and rustic. He remembers 9 when he wanted to take a bath, he had to heat the water up with firewood and then transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub. Although the living and working conditions were not as favorable as 10 abroad, Salaun grew to love Zhuhai, which is located at the mouth of the Pearl River. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conservation    B．relocate    C． momentarily    D．program    E.  critical    F. initiative    G. ensure        H. permanently     I. additional    J. reserve     K. unexpected A team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga, grantee of The Explorers Club Discovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation, discovered three new cryptozoic (living underground) snakes dwelling under graveyards (墓地) and churches in remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador. It was an exploration that led to the most 11 of places. First published in the journal, Zookeys, Arteaga and his team named the small brown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and 12 of remote cloud forests in the tropics. The Discovery Ground Snake (Atractus discovery) was found underground in a small graveyard. Two 13 new species were found near an old church and inside a small school. Destruction of the snake’s native forest habitat may have forced them to 14 to these people-less areas according to Arteaga’s findings. Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants 15 , a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond. The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures, and 16 the health of the Earth and its inhabitants. Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP), a(n) 17 seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment. Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin. Through conservation organization Re:wild, the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of 18 habitat throughout the world. “The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,” says Arteaga. “We have already started the process of establishing a nature 19 to protect the ground snakes. This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles, even if it meant 20 disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.” II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty. Among them were four sons of Mexican immigrants, Juan, Oscar, Luis, and Alfredo. These boys, coming from 21 backgrounds, often found themselves overlooked and underestimated. Bonded by fate and friendship, they shared a common passion for 22 . Two science teachers there decided to enter their high school into a complicated 23 robotics competition sponsored by the NASA and the Naval Research. Excited for the news, these four boys signed up for the competition. With enthusiasm and energy, they started calling mechanical engineers for design help. They were 24 that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating material used in various marine applications. 25 money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布). 26 , they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life. With the teachers’ guidance and encouragement, they 27 together a robot with no more than metal and wires. As they worked on their robot, the boys also faced personal challenges. Juan struggled with the weight of family responsibilities; Oscar 28 a deep-seated fear of failure; Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’ mockery (嘲笑) for his 29 accent, and Alfredo longed for acceptance and belonging. 30 these obstacles, they persevered, leaning on each other for support and inspiration. After a few test runs of their robot, they piled into a second-hand van to head to the competition. Upon entering the main pool area, they noticed the college teams wearing matching outfits, with robots sponsored by big companies. Feeling a bit nervous, the boys put the robot in the water for a test run. 31 , the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink. However, instead of letting this 32 ruin their spirits, the boys put their heads together and came up with a brilliant solution. 12 hours later, armed with 8 super-absorbent pads to plug the leak, the robot was 33 into the pool again. This time, their robot performed admirably. Gliding gracefully through the waters, it navigated the course with precision and speed, 34 the judges and audience alike. This underwater robot, a symbol of their determination and 35 , conquered the waters, defeated engineering powerhouse MIT and ranked first in the country. This was not just a win for those four but a victory for every underdog with a dream. 21．A．academic B．relevant C．humble D．professional 22．A．space B．mechanics C．research D．ocean 23．A．giant B．industrial C．underwater D．local 24．A．advised B．forced C．challenged D．consulted 25．A．Reliant on B．Available to C．Short of D．Desperate for 26．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．However 27．A．tied B．pieced C．added D．wrapped 28．A．conquered B．created C．expressed D．battled 29．A．perfect B．strange C．slight D．elegant 30．A．With B．Given C．Despite D．Besides 31．A．Unfortunately B．Basically C．Actually D．Consequently 32．A．disagreement B．failure C．conflict D．progress 33．A．scaled B．lowered C．inserted D．fed 34．A．boring B．confusing C．wowing D．motivating 35．A．bravery B．generosity C．confidence D．perseverance Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A I was sitting in my high school classroom, nervously tapping my pencil against the desk as I awaited the start of the English exam. As the clock struck, signaling the beginning of the exam, my heart began to race. I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. In a state of panic, I hurriedly wrote down my answers, hoping that somehow, by some stroke of luck, they would be correct. But as the minutes went by, I realized I couldn’t seem to make sense of the questions before me. As the final bell rang, I handed in my paper with a heavy heart. In the days that followed, I couldn’t shake the feeling of failure that hung over me like a dark cloud. I replayed the exam over and over in my mind, analyzing every question, every answer, searching for clues as to where I had gone wrong. But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me — I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. When the time came to retake the exam, I was ready. I approached each question with confidence and clarity, drawing upon the lessons I had learned from my previous missteps. When the results were announced, I held my breath as I scanned the list of names. And there it was — my name, shining brightly among the list of successful candidates. At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it. And as I look back on that sunny afternoon in the high school classroom, I am grateful for the lessons it taught me, and the person it helped me become. 36．Why did the author panic when he first took the exam? A．He sat with a pounding heart. B．He found the questions too difficult. C．He was not familiar with the foreign language. D．He was in a hurry when answering the questions. 37．What did the author do after he failed in the exam? A．He attended valuable lessons in school. B．He retook the exam over and over again. C．He promised to arm himself with eagerness. D．He determined to engage himself in learning. 38．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “devouring” (paragraph 4)? A．being targeted at B．being obliged for C．being absorbed in D．being credited to 39．According to the passage, this experience helped the author become _____. A．cheerful and considerate B．objective and demanding C．tough and persevering D．proud and tolerant B Whether you are attracted by landscapes or the after-effects of weather, there are photo opportunities everywhere. The following photography tips from photographers will help you shoot your best shot.Get to know your subject and their habits Take time to get to know your local wildlife before shooting, and you might just capture something truly special. Try to shoot from the perspective of the animal you are filming. Resist the urge to just point and click — take the time to observe local wildlife and you will see the rewards in your photos.Capture details in a close-up Going in close can bring some fascinating rewards in nature photography. Zooming (聚焦) into plants with frost or picking up water drops on a spider’s web can help show the beauty we might miss in everyday life. If you’re zooming in on one particular subject, such as a bee landing on a flower, you could end up with soft-focus objects in the background to create added interest.Shoot photos at best time of day There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to timing, and a shadow or lots of natural sunlight can produce great results — it’s just best to avoid extremes. Too much bright light hitting your camera lens (镜头) sensor will result in an overexposed photo with little detail, while a dark sky full of stars might provide too much contrast between the background and the subject you are taking pictures of.Capture sharp, clear images Although the delete button can be your best friend, a few things will help you avoid unclear images. Keeping the camera stable is key, whether that’s through a solid pose as you stand ready to shoot or using a support. A self-timer can also be a handy tool for keeping your hands away from dials and settings once you have chosen your shot. 40．Which of the following is the benefit of “zooming in” in shooting? A．It may be an aid to capture the delicate beauty in daily life. B．It may be helpful to avoid overexposing photos with little detail. C．It may bring about deleting the background to create added interest. D．It may contribute to focusing on several particular subjects at a time. 41．What is a photographer recommended to do to shoot satisfactory photos? A．Chase the running rabbit when shooting. B．Follow his instinct when shooting. C．Shoot in bright daylight at midday. D．Use a stable stand when shooting. 42．You will find the tips above most useful if you want to take photos _____. A．at a wedding ceremony B．while visiting an art gallery C．on an excursion to the countryside D．while walking on the street in a city C A forest in Staffordshire (in the UK) transformed into a hi-tech laboratory. Researchers here are investigating how the trees use carbon, and it’s difficult to find out. In an unusual experiment, extra carbon dioxide is piped to the trees, to create the kind of atmospheric conditions expected in the middle of the century. And instruments measure how the forest reacts.     The scientist in charge says there’s still a lot to learn. And he worries that governments and companies are rushing to plant trees as an easy answer to climate change. “If you try and use trees to tidy up the mess that we’re making through emissions, you are putting those trees into a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle to adapt,” said Professor Rob MacKenzie, University of Birmingham. This device tracks the movement of carbon dioxide. In a healthy forest, the gas is not only absorbed by the trees but some is released as well. What scientists here are finding out is the way carbon flows into a forest and out of it is a lot more complicated than you might think. So, if mass tree planting is meant to be a solution to tackling climate change, the trees are going to have to be monitored and cared for, over not just decades, but may be centuries as well. Of all the challenges, the task of planting is the simplest. Shelby Barber from Canada can do an amazing 4,000 trees in a day. “People talking about planting millions billions of trees around the world. Is it possible do you think, physically?” asked BBC． “It’s definitely possible with the right amount of people, the right group of people. I’ve personally, in three years, planted just over half a million trees.” said Professor Rob MacKenzie. Once planted, the trees need to survive, and experts are mixing different types to minimize the risk of disease. “It’s a bit like making sure you don’t put all your eggs in one basket, you’re spreading out your risk. And then if one part of that woodland fails, for whatever reason, it gets a disease or it can’t tolerate future climatic conditions, there are other parts of the forest that are healthy and able to fill in those gaps.” said Eleanor Tew of Forestry England. Suddenly there’s momentum to plant trees on a scale never seen before. So what matters is doing it in a way that ensures the forests thrive — so they really do help with climate change. 43．Why is extra carbon dioxide piped to the trees in the experiment? A．To predict the future atmospheric conditions. B．To imitate the possible air condition in the future. C．To create an instrument to measure atmospheric conditions. D．To investigate the quality of air condition in the future. 44．The underlined word “some” in the second paragraph refers to __________. A．oxygen B．carbon dioxide C．mess D．purified gas 45．What will Eleanor Tew suggest concerning the survival of the forest? A．Minimizing the area of the woodland. B．Studying future climatic conditions. C．Planting different types of trees. D．Avoiding mixing different species. 46．Which statement concerning mass tree planting will Professor Rob Mackenzie mostly likely agree with? A．It should be advocated in terms of efficiency and convenience. B．It is the most effective solution to fighting climate changes. C．It will do more harm than good to the health of the environment. D．It needs to be studied further as a measure against climate change. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Fight against Fast Furniture Fast furniture is a term that refers to furniture that is produced cheaply and quickly. These items are often bad for the environment because they are made from materials that break easily and need to be replaced often. 47 To help protect the environment, a movement to move away from fast furniture has begun. Many companies are joining the fight by finding cleaner ways to manufacture furniture. For example, IKEA has agreed to switch to using renewable or recycled materials for their furniture by the year 2030. 48 There is also a push to encourage shoppers to buy more used furniture for their homes. Small businesses that help transform old chairs and sofas into completely new products have even popped up recently. At the end of the day, consumers will play the most important role in the fight to end fast furniture. Shoppers should try to think more about the long term when preparing to purchase new furniture. They should stay away from furniture that is made from cheap materials like fiberboard or plastic because they will often fall apart after a few years. 49 A much better alternative is furniture made from real wood because it won’t break as easily. If wood furniture is damaged, it can often be repaired to last longer. High-quality metals are another good material, as they are durable. If the furniture is no longer fit for use, these metals can still be recycled and used to make new products. 50 So, the next time you buy furniture, think about whether it’s something that will last a long time or it’s just fast furniture that will break soon and go into the trash. A．It has also designed a special program that lets people return used furniture pieces to its stores so they can be fixed and used again by consumers. B．This would help to reduce overall waste, as it would extend the life cycle of old furniture items. C．Although these items may cost less initially, they are more expensive because they will need to be replaced sooner than traditional pieces of furniture. D．This creates a lot of pollution, as the furniture ends up buried in landfills where it can harm the soil. E．Homeowners are looking for furniture that is kinder to the environment. F．By choosing furniture that’s made to last, we can help reduce waste and protect the environment. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Paying Allowances for Completing Chores The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way. Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. “Kids should do chores,” he writes, “for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.” This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s attempts to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) (汉译英) 53．短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account) (汉译英) 54．外国游客对山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品惊叹不已，流连忘返。(marvel) (汉译英) 55．这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) (汉译英) V. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是上海市明启中学的高三学生李华，你的新西兰笔友Terry即将在下个学期来你们学校参加为期2个月的学习交流项目。他发来邮件，请你给他一些在上海生活和学习的建议。请你回复邮件。你的邮件须包含2～3条建议和相关理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．tasting 2．continue 3．shipped 4．from 5．who 6．are imported 7．Whenever/When 8．bordering 9．that 10．those 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章是一篇关于广东省沿海城市珠海南坪镇一家法国面包店Papa Romantic的新闻报道。文章描述了面包店的特色、店主兼面包师Ronan Salaun的背景、以及他对食材和烘焙的坚持，展现了这家面包店如何成为一个旅游景点，并吸引了大量中外顾客的喜爱。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些从国外归来的中国学生尝过面包后表达了赞赏，而那些曾居住在珠海但移居到如北京等其他中国城市的外国人，也继续让店家将面包和糕点寄送给他们。非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，表示主动关系，用动名词的主动式。故填tasting。 2．考查时态。句意：一些从国外归来的中国学生尝过面包后表达了赞赏，而那些曾居住在珠海但移居到如北京等其他中国城市的外国人，也继续让店家将面包和糕点寄送给他们。这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意可知，从时态为一般现在时；主语为“foreigners”，复数。故填continue。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些从国外归来的中国学生尝过面包后表达了赞赏，而那些曾居住在珠海但移居到如北京等其他中国城市的外国人，也继续让店家将面包和糕点寄送给他们。非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，和宾语之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填shipped。 4．考查固定搭配。句意：一边是一座保存完好的古老祠堂，另一边是郁郁葱葱的树木，为人们提供了遮阳的地方。固定搭配provide shade from the sun，意为“提供遮阳处”。故填from。 5．考查定语从句。句意：店主兼面包师Ronan Salaun来自法国布列塔尼地区，他表示店里的食材都是进口的，并且他拒绝在食物中使用化学物质或添加剂。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Ronan Salaun”，指人，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 6．考查时态语态。句意：店主兼面包师Ronan Salaun来自法国布列塔尼地区，他表示店里的食材都是进口的，并且他拒绝在食物中使用化学物质或添加剂。这里为从句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the ingredients”，复数，和动词“import”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are imported。 7．考查状语从句。句意：当他的朋友们回到法国时，他们都知道需要给他带一些来自法国天然盐池的晶体盐。这里为状语从句的连接词，表示“当……时”或“无论……时”，用when或whenever引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填When或Whenever。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，湾仔是一个与澳门接壤的小镇，以花卉贸易而闻名。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a tiny town”和动词“border”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填bordering。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：他记得，当他想洗澡时，必须用柴火烧水，然后将水用桶运到浴缸里。这里为宾语从句的连接词，分析句子成分可知，宾语从句不缺少成分，用that引导。故填that。 10．考查代词。句意：虽然生活和工作条件不如国外，但Salaun渐渐爱上了位于珠江口的珠海。代指上文出现的名词“the living and working conditions”，有后置定语，用冠词those代指。故填those。 11．K 12．A 13．I 14．B 15．F 16．G 17．D 18．E 19．J 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个科学家小组在厄瓜多尔安第斯地区的新发现。 11．考查形容词。句意：这次探险带我们来到了最意想不到的地方。根据空格后的places可知，此处用形容词unexpected表示“意想不到的”地方。故选K项。 12．考查名词。句意：Arteaga和他的团队首次发表在Zookeys杂志上，将这种棕色图案的小蛇命名为支持探索和保护热带偏远云雾森林的机构或个人。分析句式结构可知，and前后应该是并列关系，所以此处用名词conservation表示“保护”与and前的exploration并列。故选A项。 13．考查形容词。句意：另外两个新物种在一座老教堂附近和一所小学校里被发现。根据空格后的new species可知，此处是指“另外”两个新物种被发现。故选I项。 14．考查动词。句意：根据Arteaga的发现，蛇的原生森林栖息地遭到破坏，可能迫使它们迁移到这些无人居住的地区。根据下文“these people-less areas(这些无人居住的地区)”可知，此处是指“迁移”到无人居住地区。故选B项。 15．考查名词。句意：阿特拉克图斯的发现是为了纪念探险家俱乐部发现探险资助倡议而命名的，该项目旨在促进对人类和地球上所有生命的科学理解。根据下文的program可知，此处用名词initiative表示“倡议”符合语境。故选F项。 16．考查动词。句意：该资助计划支持来自世界各地的研究人员和探险家，以缓解气候变化危机，防止物种和文化的灭绝，并确保地球及其居民的健康。根据下文“the health of the Earth and its inhabitants(地球及其居民的健康)”可知，此处用动词ensure表示“确保”居民的健康。故选G项。 17．考查名词。句意：Atractus zgap的命名是为了纪念物种与种群保护动物学会(ZGAP)，这是一个旨在保护未知但高度濒危物种及其自然环境的项目。根据下文“seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species(寻求保护未知但高度濒危的物种)”可知，此处指的是一个“项目”。故选D项。 18．考查形容词。句意：通过保护组织Re:wild，萨宾家族支持对濒危爬行动物的实地研究，并在世界各地保护了数千英亩的重要栖息地。根据空格后的habitat可知，此处用形容词critical表示“重要的”栖息地。故选E项。 19．考查名词。句意：我们已经开始建立一个自然保护区来保护地蛇。根据下文“to protect the ground snakes(为了保护地蛇)”可知，此处是指建立自然“保护区”。故选J项。 20．考查副词。句意：如果不首先揭示这些独特而神秘的爬行动物的存在，这一行动是不可能的，即使这意味着暂时扰乱了他们居住的墓地里死者的安宁。分析句式结构可知，此处用副词momentarily作状语表示“暂时地”扰乱安宁。故选C项。 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四个来自贫困地区的学生参加水下机器人比赛并获胜的故事。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些男孩出身卑微，经常发现自己被忽视和低估。A. academic学术的；B. relevant相关的；C. humble卑微的；D. professional专业的。根据上文“In a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty.(在亚利桑那州一个繁华的城市里有一所高中，那里的大多数学生生活贫困)”指这些男孩出身卑微。故选C。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：命运和友谊把他们联系在一起，他们对机械有着共同的热情。A. space空间；B. mechanics机械学；C. research研究；D. ocean海洋。根据后文“robotics competition”可知，他们对机械有着共同的热情。故选B。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那里的两名科学老师决定让他们的高中参加一个由美国宇航局和海军研究所赞助的复杂的水下机器人比赛。A. giant巨大的；B. industrial工业的；C. underwater水下的；D. local当地的。根据后文“causing the robot to leak and sink”可知，这是一个水下机器人比赛。故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被告知这些类型的机器人需要玻璃复合漂浮泡沫，一种在各种海洋应用中使用的漂浮材料。A. advised告知，建议；B. forced迫使；C. challenged挑战；D. consulted咨询。根据后文“these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating material used in various marine applications”可知，此处指他们被告知比赛的要求。故选A。 25．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。A. Reliant on依赖……；B. Available to可获得；C. Short of缺乏；D. Desperate for渴望。根据后文“all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape”可知，由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。故选C。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们在城市里寻找各种备件，收集任何他们能把他们的愿景变为现实的东西。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在老师的指导和鼓励下，他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。A. tied系；B. pieced拼凑；C. added增加；D. wrapped包裹。根据后文“together a robot with no more than metal and wires.”可知，此处指他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。故选B。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡安在家庭责任的重压下挣扎;奥斯卡与内心深处对失败的恐惧作斗争;路易斯的心因为同伴们对他奇怪口音的嘲笑而疼痛，阿尔弗雷多渴望被接纳和归属感。A. conquered征服；B. created创造；C. expressed表达；D. battled战斗。根据后文“a deep-seated fear of failure”可知，此处指奥斯卡与内心深处对失败的恐惧作斗争。故选D。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：胡安在家庭责任的重压下挣扎;奥斯卡与内心深处对失败的恐惧作斗争;路易斯的心因为同伴们对他奇怪口音的嘲笑而疼痛，阿尔弗雷多渴望被接纳和归属感。A. perfect完美的；B. strange奇怪的；C. slight稍微的；D. elegant优雅的。根据上文“Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’ mockery for his”可知，路易斯的心因为同伴们对他奇怪口音的嘲笑而疼痛。故选B。 30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，他们还是坚持了下来，互相依靠，互相鼓励。A. With和；B. Given考虑到；C. Despite尽管；D. Besides此外。根据后文“these obstacles, they persevered”可知，此处为让步关系，应用介词despite。故选C。 31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，聚氯乙烯没有支撑住，导致机器人漏水并下沉。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Basically基本上；C. Actually实际上；D. Consequently结果。根据后文“the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink.”可知，不幸的是，聚氯乙烯没有支撑住，导致机器人漏水并下沉。故选A。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，男孩们并没有让这次失败毁掉他们的精神，而是集思广益，想出了一个绝妙的解决方案。A. disagreement分歧；B. failure失败；C. conflict冲突；D. progress进步。根据上文“the PVC didn’t hold up, causing the robot to leak and sink.”可知，机器人下沉了，即遭遇了失败。故选B。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：12小时后，配备了8块超强吸水垫来堵塞泄漏，机器人再次被放入水池中。A. scaled攀登；B. lowered降低；C. inserted插入；D. fed喂养。根据后文“into the pool again”可知，机器人再次被放入水池中。故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它优雅地在水中滑行，以精确和速度导航，使评委和观众都惊叹不已。A. boring使无聊；B. confusing使困惑；C. wowing称赞；D. motivating激励。根据上文“Gliding gracefully through the waters, it navigated the course with precision and speed”可知，此处指他们的机器人让评委和观众惊叹。故选C。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个水下机器人，象征着他们的决心和毅力，征服了水，击败了工程强国麻省理工学院，排名全国第一。A. bravery勇敢；B. generosity慷慨；C. confidence自信；D. perseverance毅力。根据上文“determination and”可知，这个水下机器人，象征着他们的决心和毅力。故选D。 36．B 37．D 38．C 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从一次考试失败的经历中变得坚韧不拔的故事。 36．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. (我打开考试手册，浏览了一下问题，我感到一阵恐慌。这些问题似乎很陌生，话题也很陌生。)”可知，他觉得这些问题太难了，所以参加考试时惊慌失措。故选B。 37．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. (我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。)”可知，作者考试不及格后决心专心学习。故选D。 38．词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination (我以全新的决心投入到学习中)”可知，作者以全新的决心投入到学习中，全神贯注于书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。划线词的含义为“全神贯注于”。A. being targeted at针对；B. being obliged for因某事而感谢；C. being absorbed in全神贯注于；D. being credited to归功于。故选C。 39．推理判断题。由文章第四段“But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me — I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. (但在沮丧中，我开始意识到——我失败了，是的，但我也在这条路上学到了宝贵的教训。有了这个新发现的智慧，我保证下次我会做得更好。我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。)”和第六段中“At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it. (在那一刻，所有的努力工作，所有的熬夜和早起，都是值得的。)”可知，这段经历帮助作者成为坚韧而坚持不懈的人。故选C。 40．A 41．D 42．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个关于拍摄风景的建议。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段“Zooming (聚焦) into plants with frost or picking up water drops on a spider’s web can help show the beauty we might miss in everyday life. (放大到结霜的植物，或者在蜘蛛网上捡起水滴，都有助于展示我们在日常生活中可能错过的美。)”可知，放大拍摄的好处是可能有助于捕捉日常生活中的微妙之美。故选A。 41．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Keeping the camera stable is key, whether that’s through a solid pose as you stand ready to shoot or using a support. (保持相机稳定是关键，无论是通过一个坚实的姿势，当你准备拍摄或使用支持。)”可知，为了拍出令人满意的照片，摄影师应该拍摄时要站稳。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether you are attracted by landscapes or the after-effects of weather, there are photo opportunities everywhere. The following photography tips from photographers will help you shoot your best shot. (无论你是被风景所吸引，还是被天气的影响所吸引，到处都有拍照的机会。以下摄影师的摄影技巧将帮助你拍出最好的照片。)”可知，如果你想在乡间远足时拍照，你会发现上面的建议非常有用。故选C。 43．B 44．B 45．C 46．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英国斯塔福郡的森林，研究人员利用高科技手段探究树木如何利用碳，并通过向树木输送额外的二氧化碳模拟未来气候条件。尽管种植树木是简单的，但科学家警告政府和公司不要过度依赖此举应对气候变化，强调需谨慎植树以确保森林的健康并适应未来气候。 43．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In an unusual experiment, extra carbon dioxide is piped to the trees, to create the kind of atmospheric conditions expected in the middle of the century.(在一项不同寻常的实验中，额外的二氧化碳通过管道输送到树木中，以创造出预计在本世纪中叶出现的那种大气条件。)”可知，实验中多余的二氧化碳会通过管道输送到树木中是为了模拟未来可能出现的空气状况。故选B。 44．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“This device tracks the movement of carbon dioxide. In a healthy forest, the gas is not only absorbed by the trees but some is released as well. What scientists here are finding out is the way carbon flows into a forest and out of it is a lot more complicated than you might think.(这个装置追踪二氧化碳的运动。在一个健康的森林里，气体不仅被树木吸收，而且一些也被释放出来。科学家们在这里发现的是碳流入和流出森林的方式比你想象的要复杂得多。) ”可知，二氧化碳既被树木吸入又被排出，则some一词指代的是二氧化碳。故选B。 45．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的““It’s a bit like making sure you don’t put all your eggs in one basket, you’re spreading out your risk. And then if one part of that woodland fails, for whatever reason, it gets a disease or it can’t tolerate future climatic conditions, there are other parts of the forest that are healthy and able to fill in those gaps.” said Eleanor Tew of Forestry England.(“这有点像确保你不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，你是在分散风险。然后，如果森林的一部分因为某种原因，生病了，或者无法忍受未来的气候条件，那么森林的其他部分是健康的，能够填补这些空白。英国林业部门的埃莉诺·图说。)”可知，关于森林的生存，埃莉诺·图会提出了种植不同类型的树木来降低风险。故选C。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The scientist in charge says there’s still a lot to learn. And he worries that governments and companies are rushing to plant trees as an easy answer to climate change. “If you try and use trees to tidy up the mess that we’re making through emissions, you are putting those trees into a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle to adapt,” said Professor Rob MacKenzie, University of Birmingham.(负责这项研究的科学家表示，还有很多东西需要学习。他还担心，政府和企业急于种树，作为应对气候变化的简单办法。伯明翰大学的罗布·麦肯齐教授说：“如果你试图用树木来清理我们通过排放造成的混乱，你就是把这些树木放进了一个非常迅速变化的气候中，它们将很难适应。”)”可知，罗布·麦肯齐教授认为需要进一步研究和监测树木的种植，以确保它们真正有助于应对气候变化。因此罗伯·麦肯齐教授认为作为应对气候变化的一项措施，需要进一步对其进行研究。故选D。 47．D 48．A 49．C 50．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。为减少快速家具带来的污染从而保护环境，文章倡导使用环保材料，推广购买二手家具，延长家具的使用寿命。 47．根据上文的“Fast furniture is a term that refers to furniture that is produced cheaply and quickly. These items are often bad for the environment because they are made from materials that break easily and need to be replaced often.(快速家具是一个术语，指的是生产成本低、速度快的家具。这些物品通常对环境有害，因为它们是由容易破裂的材料制成的，需要经常更换。)”可知，D项(这造成了很多污染，因为家具最终被埋在垃圾填埋场，可能会损害土壤。)承接上文，说明了快速家具因为其特点会对土壤造成污染，故选D项。 48．根据上文的“To help protect the environment, a movement to move away from fast furniture has begun. Many companies are joining the fight by finding cleaner ways to manufacture furniture. For example, IKEA has agreed to switch to using renewable or recycled materials for their furniture by the year 2030.(为了保护环境，一场远离快速家具的运动已经开始。许多公司通过寻找更清洁的方式来制造家具加入了这场斗争。例如，宜家已同意在2030年之前改用可再生或可回收材料制作家具。)”可知，A项(该公司还设计了一项特殊计划，让人们把用过的家具退回到它的商店，这样消费者就可以把它们修好再使用。)承接上文，说明了宜家公司共计采取了两种办法远离生产快速家具，故选A项。 49．根据上文的“Shoppers should try to think more about the long term when preparing to purchase new furniture. They should stay away from furniture that is made from cheap materials like fiberboard or plastic because they will often fall apart after a few years. (购物者在准备购买新家具时应尽量多考虑长远。他们应该远离由纤维板或塑料等廉价材料制成的家具，因为它们经常会在几年后分崩离析。)”可知，C项(虽然这些物品最初可能花费较少，但它们更贵，因为它们需要比传统家具更快地更换。)承接上文，说明了由纤维板或塑料等廉价材料制成的家具虽然短期看花费少，但因为更新周期短，因此更加昂贵，故选C项。 50．根据下文的“So, the next time you buy furniture, think about whether it’s something that will last a long time or it’s just fast furniture that will break soon and go into the trash.(所以，下次你买家具的时候，考虑一下它是能用很长时间的家具，还是很快就会坏掉，然后被扔进垃圾桶的家具。)”可知，F项(通过选择耐用的家具，我们可以帮助减少浪费，保护环境。)承接上文，说明了消费者选择耐用的家具会给环境带来好处，故选F项。 51．Paying children allowances for chores is quite common in America. However, critics hold that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household and that they shouldn’t be tied to payment. In contrast with many other cultures, where children are involved in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose Americans shifting from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多家长认为支付家务活的津贴对孩子有好处，但许多专家表示担心，将津贴与家务活紧密联系起来可能并不理想。文章主要介绍了一些专家的观点。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. ②But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. ③In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way. ④Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. ⑤The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it. 2. 缜密构思 将1、2要点进行整合，3、4、5要点进行重组 3. 遣词造句 It is common that children are paid allowances for chores in America. However, critics reckon that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household, which shouldn’t be tied to payment. In contrast with many other cultures, in which children are engaged in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose that Americans should shift from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, critics hold that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household and that they shouldn’t be tied to payment. （that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】 In contrast with many other cultures, where children are involved in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose Americans shifting from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions.（where引导的非限制性定语从句） 52．The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。这种新产品是主语译为“the new product”，短语be resistant to，意为“抵抗……的”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数形式，水和高温作宾语，译为“water and heat”，卖得很好译为“sell well”，和前半句并列用and的连接，所以sell也用一般现在时，并且用第三人称单数形式，故翻译为The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well. 53．What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos? 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？”即“什么因素导致了短视频越来越受欢迎？”，“短视频”为“short videos”，“越来越受欢迎”为“growing popularity”，则“短视频越来越受欢迎”为“the growing popularity of short videos”，“导致，解释”为“account for”，句子描述的是客观存在的现状，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语“什么”为“what”，谓语动词使用单数，故翻译为What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos? 54．Foreign tourists marveled at the ancient Chinese art works in the temple at the peak of the mountain, reluctant to leave. (and didn’t want to leave.) 【详解】考查时态和形容词。外国游客翻译为“Foreign tourists”，对……惊叹不已翻译为“marvele at”，山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品翻译为“the ancient Chinese art works in the temple at the peak of the mountain”，句子在陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。流连忘返为“reluctant to leave”，为形容词作状语。故翻译为：Foreign tourists marveled at the ancient Chinese art works in the temple at the peak of the mountain, reluctant to leave. (and didn’t want to leave.) 55．The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“这个提案”用the proposal或the bill，做主语；表示“聚焦”用focus on；表示“如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性”用疑问词加不定式形式，即how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness，作宾语；结合句意，应使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，故主句翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness；之后的部分可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示主句这件事会使得评审小组感兴趣；I think作为插入语放在引导词之后； appeal to sb.“对某人有吸引力”，为固定短语；表示“评审小组”用review group放在appeal to后作宾语；结合句子意思可知，该部分应使用一般将来时。故翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group. 56．Dear Terry, Happy to know that you will come to our school to participate in a 2-month learning exchange program next semester, I’m writing to give you some suggestions on your life and study here. First, it is better to live in the dormitory, which can give you more chances to communicate with your classmates and know more about our school. Besides, you can go out at night to Shanghai Bund to enjoy its beauty and learn some customs and cultures of the city. What’s the most important is that if you can’t feel at home at first, making video calls to your parents is a good way to ease your bad feelings. Hope my advice here can be of great help to you. Looking forward to your coming. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本文是书面表达类应用文。要求考生给即将在下个学期来你们学校参加为期2个月的学习交流项目的新西兰笔友Terry发邮件，告诉他一些在上海生活和学习的建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：happy→glad/delighted 参加：participate in→take part in 此外：besides→what’s more 欣赏：enjoy→appreciate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, you can go out at night to Shanghai Bund to enjoy its beauty and learn some customs and cultures of the city. 拓展句：Besides, you can go out at night to Shanghai Bund so that you can enjoy its beauty and learn some customs and cultures of the city. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Happy to know that you will come to our school to participate in a 2-month learning exchange program next semester, I’m writing to give you some suggestions on your life and study here. (由that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】First, it is better to live in the dormitory, which can give you more chances to communicate with your classmates and know more about our school. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$