10讲：外刊精选+语法专题【现在完成时与过去完成时】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母JKL】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第十讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（现在完成时与过去完成时）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、 词汇打卡(字母JKL) 外刊精选 Is time travel possible? 时间旅行可以实现吗？ 时间旅行在理论上是可以实现的。爱因斯坦创立的相对论将空间和时间联系在了一起，相对论提出，如果你以接近光速的速度从地球向太空飞去，那么在返回地球时，你将可以到达“未来”。然而，要想“穿越”到过去则困难得多，不过理论上是有一种方法可以帮人类实现这个愿望，即通过“蠕虫洞”穿越时空，但目前尚无证据表明蠕虫洞确实存在。本文探讨时间旅行的可能性。  If you could time travel, would you visit the past or the future? You could find your ancestors, descendants, or experience life when dinosaurs roamed your back garden. It sounds otherworldly, but scientists have looked into whether time travel is actually possible. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionised understanding of space, time, mass and gravity. The key element of this theory is that time and space are linked together, and time doesn’t flow at a constant rate, meaning it speeds up or slows down, depending on where you are. For example, when you travel at high speeds, time decreases, which means, according to NASA, astronauts in space age more slowly than those on Earth! So, if you wanted to travel to the future, you would need to move close to the speed of light. Then, while centuries pass on Earth, you’d experience a relatively short amount of time and could hypothetically return home, where it would be the future! Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult. Theoretically, one way of going back is via a wormhole. That means, if space and time can be folded like paper, we could create a tunnel—a shortcut between points in time. The problem is that there is no evidence that wormholes exist. “It’s been shown mathematically that they can exist, but whether they exist physically is something else,” says Emma Osborne, an astrophysicist at the University of York. Also, theories show that wormholes would be so small that a person definitely couldn’t fit through one, and they would have such an intense gravitational field that they would collapse very quickly. For now, it seems we’ll have to be content with science fiction and using telescopes to look back in time rather than travelling through it. 词汇表 ancestor 祖先 descendant 后代 otherworldly 超脱尘俗的，非现实世界的 theory of relativity 相对论 mass 质量 gravity 重力，引力 flow （时间）流动，流逝 speed up 加速 slow down 减速 age 变老 century 一百年，世纪 wormhole 蠕虫洞 shortcut 捷径，近路 astrophysicist 天体物理学家 gravitational field 引力场 collapse 崩塌，坍塌 science fiction 科幻小说 telescope 望远镜 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. True or False? Time flows at the same speed across the universe.   2. How fast would you need to move to travel to the future? 3. True or False? It is easier to travel to the future than the past.   4. How would a wormhole help you to travel in time? 5. What are three problems with using wormholes to travel to the past? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Don looked much older than when I last saw him—he’s really _______. aged                     time travelled                 flown                        sped up 2. When she saw the cyclist in the road, she _______ to avoid a collision. slow down            collapse                          slowed down            collapsed 3. The road is a _______. If you use it, you’ll cut your journey time by five minutes. shortcut                 century                           telescope                   gravity 4. I found _______ who worked as a scientist when researching my family tree. astrophysicist        a descendant                   an ancestor                mass 5. Is that animal real? It looks like something from _______! flow                       gravitational field            wormhole                 science fiction 语法专题 语法精选----现在完成时与过去完成时 现在完成时 1. 已完成 1. She has left. 2. I have finished my work. 2. 未完成 1. I have lived here for 10 years. 2. I’ve known her for 5 years. 3. 信号词：since+时间点,for+时间段, recently, lately, in the past few years, already , ever, never, just, yet, once, before I’m 15 now, I have lived here since I was 5.  = I have lived here since 2003.  = I have lived here for 10 years. 4. have been (to) ，have gone (to) 与have been in的区别 1. I’ve been to Beijing for many time. I know it well. 2. We can’t go shopping with Susan now, she has gone to Japan. 3. He has been abroad many times. 4. He has gone home. 5. I have been in Shanghai for more than 10 years. 5. 与一般过去时的区别: __________________________________. 1. I saw the film just now. 2. I have just seen the film. 过去完成时 1. 过去的过去 –Did you see Tom at the party? -- No, he _______ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left 2. 信号词： by the end of last year(term, month…),by yesterday, by the time, before, after, etc. By the end of last month we had reviewed four books. *By the end of next month we will have reviewed four books. 两点注意 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 =非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换: begin/ start – be on, borrow – keep, buy – have, close – be closed, come – be back/ here, catch a cold – have a cold, die – be dead, fall asleep – be asleep, finish – be over, leave – be away from, join – be in/ be a member of, open – be open, put on – wear, wake up – be awake He joined the League two years ago. = Two years has passed since he joined the League. = It is two years since he joined the League. =It has been two years since he joined the League. = He has been in the League for two years. 2. 不规则动词 1. A-A-A 2. A-B-A 3. A-B-B 1. burst, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read 2. become, come, overcome, run 3. bend, bring, build, burn, buy, catch, deal, dig 即学即练 1．（2024·上海崇明·二模）Jessie _________ two popular children books recently. Now she is working on the next one. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．will write 2．（2024·四川泸州·一模）Many students ________ the importance of learning a foreign language well. A．have realized B．has realized C．have been realized D．has been realized 3．（2024·上海金山·二模）Neil, a 600 kg seal (海豹) a star in a small town in Australia since last year. A．is becoming B．has become C．became D．becomes 4．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Recently, Qigong, a traditional Chinese exercise, ________ popular among young people. A．becomes B．became C．has become D．will become 5．（2024·上海闵行·二模）So far, Ms Zhang Guimei ________ about 2,000 girls change fate (命运) with knowledge. A．helps B．has helped C．will help D．helped 6．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）Oh, no! I my school project yet. Please give me some help. A．won’t finish B．haven’t finished C．am finishing D．don’t finish 7．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）She _________ a lot of experience in China in the past five years. A．gains B．will gain C．has gained D．had gained 8．（2024·上海静安·二模）By the time he was 12, Edison ________ a living by himself. A．made B．was making C．have made D．had made 9．（2024·上海宝山·二模）By the end of last year, Kevin ________ in Shanghai for ten years. A．lived B．lives C．has lived D．had lived 10．（2024·上海长宁·二模）By 10 o’clock last night, we ________ over 200 e-mails on the program from the local citizens. A．received B．have received C．had received D．will receive 11．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）After the children ________ the window with the football, they ran away from the scene. A．break down B．were breaking down C．had broken down D．have broken down 12．（2024·上海松江·二模）Luckily, the rain ________ by the time we reached the foot of the hill. A．stops B．stopped C．has stopped D．had stopped 13．（2024·上海虹口·二模）The books were in a mess because the librarian ________ them for weeks. A．doesn’t organize B．didn’t organize C．hasn’t organized D．hadn’t organized 14．（2024·上海普陀·二模）After Frank __________ the dinner, he went for a walk in the garden with his family. A．is eating B．eats C．will eat D．had eaten 15．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）By the end of last week, the student ________ reading two-thirds of the book. A．finished B．was finishing C．has finished D．had finished 16．（2024·上海宝山·一模）By the time Jack was fourteen years old, he ________ a story book on his own. A．would publish B．has published C．published D．had published 17．（2021八年级·全国·专题练习）The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for she ________ before. A．didn’t fly B．hasn’t flown C．hadn’t flown D．wasn’t flying 18．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 19．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 20．（2024·江西·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A．came B．were coming C．will come D．have come 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 2024九年级下·上海闵行·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给） What is Technology? Technology is the application (应用) of knowledge to production. With the development of science and technology, we can enjoy the convenience of life. We have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work because of m 1 technology. For most of us in America, technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food a 2 to us by means of good farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span (寿命). So it raises a question. Will human beings continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? The answer depends on technology and our ability to use it w 3 . If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The improvement in technology depends upon research and d 4 , and the latest statistics (统计) show that the United States is continuing to spend billions of dollars every year on such e 5 . So while we are running out of some scarce resources, we may find technological substitutes (代用品) for many of them through our research programmes. Actually, when we need new skills on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. People will work together to design new products to s 6 some difficult problems. When equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be i 7 in response to it. PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海·期末）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文). The Labrador (拉布拉多猎犬) has won the honor of the most popular breed (品种) for the past eighteen years. It has been described as gentle, clever and friendly. However, not all Labs are the same. John Grogan discovered this after he and his wife adopted a Labrador that they named Marley. The dog caused Mr. Grogan a lot of trouble, but it also provided a lot of 8 for his newspaper articles. Later, he wrote a best-selling book, “Marley and Me: Life and Love with the World’s 9 Dog.” Marley was happy and fun-loving. But he was also extremely large and difficult to control. He bit anything that he could find around the house, including plastic, clothing and jewelry. And he had a great fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms. 10 , the Grogans lived in Florida where many thunderstorms develop. Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm. Marley almost 8 their home several times. John Grogan said that at first, he considered that probably his dog could be trained to be a show champion. But he soon realized that was impossible. Marley didn’t like to learn skills that didn’t belong to dogs, and the dog training school 11 him for causing troubles for other dogs. He didn’t want to hide his emotions. He would show his anger and tiredness if he felt them. 12 that, Marley still had earned a place in the Grogans’. He didn’t know how to dance, and he didn’t know how to walk on its two legs, but he was what he was. He would never be a Lassie or a Benji or an old Yeller for he would never like to take part in a dog show, but the Grogans accepted him and loved him very much. 9．A．services B．answers C．knowledge D．stories 10．A．Cleverest B．Worst C．Bravest D．Ugliest 11．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Thankfully 12．A．damaged B．sold C．eaten D．built 13．A．relied on B．cared for C．got rid of D．apologized to 14．A．Except for B．Even if C．In addition to D．Because of 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 journalist ['dʒɜːnəlɪst] n. 记者，新闻工作者 2 journey ['dʒɜːni] n. 旅行 3 joy [dʒɔɪ] n. 欢乐；高兴；乐趣 4 judge [dʒʌdʒ] n． v. 裁判；法官；审判、断定 5 junior ['dʒuːniə(r)] adj． 初级的；年少的 6 keen [kiːn] adj． 热心的 7 kindergarten ['kɪndəɡɑːtn] n． 幼儿园 8 kindness ['kaɪndnəs] n． 仁慈，好意 9 knowledge ['nɒlɪdʒ] n. 知识，学问 10 lecture ['lektʃə(r)] n． 讲座，讲课，演讲 11 length [leŋθ] n． 长度 12 librarian [laɪ'breəriən] n． 图书馆管理员 13 lie(lay, lain) [laɪ] v. 躺；卧；平放；位于 14 likely ['laɪkli] adj. 很可能的 15 limited ['lɪmɪtɪd] adj. 有限的，限制的 16 line [laɪn] n. 绳索，线，排，行，线路 17 link [lɪŋk] v. & n. 连接；联系 18 liquid ['lɪkwɪd] n． 液体 19 list [lɪst] n. 一览表，清单 20 luggage ['lʌɡɪdʒ] n. 行李 21 local ['ləʊkl] adj． n. 当地的；地方的; 本地人 22 locate [ləʊ'keɪt] v． 坐落于，确定……的地方 ◆23 lightning [ˈlaɪtnɪŋ] n. 闪电 ◆24 jog [dʒɒɡ] v. 慢跑 ◆25 knee [niː] n. 膝盖 ◆26 landscape [ˈlændskeɪp] n． 风景；乡村风景画 ◆27 laptop [ˈlæptɒp] n.． 便携式电脑；笔记本电脑 ◆28 loss [lɒs] n． 损失；丧失 ◆29 lively [ˈlaɪvli] adj. 活泼的；生动的 ◆30 literature [ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)] n. 文学；文学作品 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Many children have lost their ______ in the terrible disease recently. (life) 2. He was the only person ______ in the accident but he couldn't remember anything about it. (live) 3. Most Chinese people think that 8 is a ______ number. (luck) 4. ______, he caught the last bus. (luck) 5. The poor boy had to make a ______ by selling newspapers after his parents died.(live) 6. Can you tell me the ______ of the rope? (long) 7. He was very ______not to win.. (lucky) 8. These days the police are trying hard to ______ the missing stranger. (location) 9. The planet is ______ because there’s no water on it. (life) 10. In primary society, people ______ animals for food. (killer) 11. There are some ______ in this department. (Japan) 12. It is common ______ that the earth goes around the sun. (know) 13. Your smile is the best way to show people your ______. (kind) 14. Father ______ him in to do his homework yesterday. (keeper) 15. Jane is far more ______ when she wears this pair of glasses. (love) 词组默写 181. 换句话说 182. 作为回报 183. 惊奇地 184. 最后;终于 185.在将来 186.在……中 187.在过去;从前 188.这样 189.及时 190.处于困境中 191.代替:而不是 192.贸然断定;草率决定 193.刚才 194.记日记 195.继续做某事 196.保持健康 197.阻止;使……免于 198.(与……)保持联系 199.阻挡;不让……接近 200.保持安静 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（现在完成时与过去完成时）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空）、 词汇打卡(字母JKL) 外刊精选 Is time travel possible? 时间旅行可以实现吗？ 时间旅行在理论上是可以实现的。爱因斯坦创立的相对论将空间和时间联系在了一起，相对论提出，如果你以接近光速的速度从地球向太空飞去，那么在返回地球时，你将可以到达“未来”。然而，要想“穿越”到过去则困难得多，不过理论上是有一种方法可以帮人类实现这个愿望，即通过“蠕虫洞”穿越时空，但目前尚无证据表明蠕虫洞确实存在。本文探讨时间旅行的可能性。  If you could time travel, would you visit the past or the future? You could find your ancestors, descendants, or experience life when dinosaurs roamed your back garden. It sounds otherworldly, but scientists have looked into whether time travel is actually possible. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionised understanding of space, time, mass and gravity. The key element of this theory is that time and space are linked together, and time doesn’t flow at a constant rate, meaning it speeds up or slows down, depending on where you are. For example, when you travel at high speeds, time decreases, which means, according to NASA, astronauts in space age more slowly than those on Earth! So, if you wanted to travel to the future, you would need to move close to the speed of light. Then, while centuries pass on Earth, you’d experience a relatively short amount of time and could hypothetically return home, where it would be the future! Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult. Theoretically, one way of going back is via a wormhole. That means, if space and time can be folded like paper, we could create a tunnel—a shortcut between points in time. The problem is that there is no evidence that wormholes exist. “It’s been shown mathematically that they can exist, but whether they exist physically is something else,” says Emma Osborne, an astrophysicist at the University of York. Also, theories show that wormholes would be so small that a person definitely couldn’t fit through one, and they would have such an intense gravitational field that they would collapse very quickly. For now, it seems we’ll have to be content with science fiction and using telescopes to look back in time rather than travelling through it. 词汇表 ancestor 祖先 descendant 后代 otherworldly 超脱尘俗的，非现实世界的 theory of relativity 相对论 mass 质量 gravity 重力，引力 flow （时间）流动，流逝 speed up 加速 slow down 减速 age 变老 century 一百年，世纪 wormhole 蠕虫洞 shortcut 捷径，近路 astrophysicist 天体物理学家 gravitational field 引力场 collapse 崩塌，坍塌 science fiction 科幻小说 telescope 望远镜 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. True or False? Time flows at the same speed across the universe.   2. How fast would you need to move to travel to the future? 3. True or False? It is easier to travel to the future than the past.   4. How would a wormhole help you to travel in time? 5. What are three problems with using wormholes to travel to the past? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Don looked much older than when I last saw him—he’s really _______. aged                     time travelled                 flown                        sped up 2. When she saw the cyclist in the road, she _______ to avoid a collision. slow down            collapse                          slowed down            collapsed 3. The road is a _______. If you use it, you’ll cut your journey time by five minutes. shortcut                 century                           telescope                   gravity 4. I found _______ who worked as a scientist when researching my family tree. astrophysicist        a descendant                   an ancestor                mass 5. Is that animal real? It looks like something from _______! flow                       gravitational field            wormhole                 science fiction 答案 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. True or False? Time flows at the same speed across the universe.  False. Time doesn’t flow at a constant rate, meaning it speeds up or slows down, depending on where you are. 2. How fast would you need to move to travel to the future? If you wanted to travel to the future, you would need to move close to the speed of light. 3. True or False? It is easier to travel to the future than the past.   True. Travelling backwards in time seems much more difficult. 4. How would a wormhole help you to travel in time? A wormhole could create a tunnel—a shortcut between points in time. 5. What are three problems with using wormholes to travel to the past? There is no evidence that wormholes exist, they would be so small that a person wouldn’t fit through one, and they would have such an intense gravitational field that they would collapse very quickly. 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Don looked much older than when I last saw him—he’s really aged. 2. When she saw the cyclist in the road, she slowed down to avoid a collision. 3. The road is a shortcut. If you use it, you’ll cut your journey time by five minutes. 4. I found an ancestor who worked as a scientist when researching my family tree. 5. Is that animal real? It looks like something from science fiction! 语法专题 语法精选----现在完成时与过去完成时 现在完成时 1. 已完成 1. She has left. 2. I have finished my work. 2. 未完成 1. I have lived here for 10 years. 2. I’ve known her for 5 years. 3. 信号词：since+时间点,for+时间段, recently, lately, in the past few years, already , ever, never, just, yet, once, before I’m 15 now, I have lived here since I was 5.  = I have lived here since 2003.  = I have lived here for 10 years. 4. have been (to) ，have gone (to) 与have been in的区别 1. I’ve been to Beijing for many time. I know it well. 2. We can’t go shopping with Susan now, she has gone to Japan. 3. He has been abroad many times. 4. He has gone home. 5. I have been in Shanghai for more than 10 years. 5. 与一般过去时的区别: __________________________________. 1. I saw the film just now. 2. I have just seen the film. 过去完成时 1. 过去的过去 –Did you see Tom at the party? -- No, he _______ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left 2. 信号词： by the end of last year(term, month…),by yesterday, by the time, before, after, etc. By the end of last month we had reviewed four books. *By the end of next month we will have reviewed four books. 两点注意 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 =非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换: begin/ start – be on, borrow – keep, buy – have, close – be closed, come – be back/ here, catch a cold – have a cold, die – be dead, fall asleep – be asleep, finish – be over, leave – be away from, join – be in/ be a member of, open – be open, put on – wear, wake up – be awake He joined the League two years ago. = Two years has passed since he joined the League. = It is two years since he joined the League. =It has been two years since he joined the League. = He has been in the League for two years. 2. 不规则动词 1. A-A-A 2. A-B-A 3. A-B-B 1. burst, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read 2. become, come, overcome, run 3. bend, bring, build, burn, buy, catch, deal, dig 即学即练 1．（2024·上海崇明·二模）Jessie _________ two popular children books recently. Now she is working on the next one. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．will write 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jessie最近已经写了两本很受欢迎的儿童书籍。现在她正在写下一本。 考查动词时态。根据“recently”可知，此处指Jessie在这一段时期内完成的动作，应用现在完成时have/has done结构表达。故选C。 2．（2024·四川泸州·一模）Many students ________ the importance of learning a foreign language well. A．have realized B．has realized C．have been realized D．has been realized 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多学生已经意识到学好一门外语的重要性。 考查现在完成时。根据语境可知，句子为现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，且产生了对现在的影响，许多学生已经意识到学好一门外语的重要性了，句子为主动语态，结合主语“Many students”为复数名词，此处助动词应用have。故选A。 3．（2024·上海金山·二模）Neil, a 600 kg seal (海豹) a star in a small town in Australia since last year. A．is becoming B．has become C．became D．becomes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尼尔，一只600公斤重的海豹，从去年开始成为澳大利亚一个小镇的明星。 考查现在完成时。由“ since last year.”可知此句用现在完成时，且主语Neil为第三人称单数，结构为has done。故选B。 4．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Recently, Qigong, a traditional Chinese exercise, ________ popular among young people. A．becomes B．became C．has become D．will become 【答案】C 【详解】句意：最近，气功，一种中国传统运动，在年轻人中流行起来。 考查时态。根据时间状语“Recently”可知，此句用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 5．（2024·上海闵行·二模）So far, Ms Zhang Guimei ________ about 2,000 girls change fate (命运) with knowledge. A．helps B．has helped C．will help D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：到目前为止，张桂梅女士已经帮助了大约2000名女孩用知识改变了命运。 考查时态。根据“So far”可知用现在完成时has helped。故选B。 6．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）Oh, no! I my school project yet. Please give me some help. A．won’t finish B．haven’t finished C．am finishing D．don’t finish 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哦，不！我还没有完成我的学校项目，请帮帮我。 考查动词时态。won’t finish“将不能完成”；haven’t finished“还没有完成”；am finishing“正在完成”；don’t finish“不完成”。yet是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的结构是have/has+过去分词，haven’t finished符合题意。故选B。 7．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）She _________ a lot of experience in China in the past five years. A．gains B．will gain C．has gained D．had gained 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，她在中国积累了很多经验。 考查时态。根据“in the past five years.”可知此处指到现在为止的生活经历，用现在完成时。故选C。 8．（2024·上海静安·二模）By the time he was 12, Edison ________ a living by himself. A．made B．was making C．have made D．had made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：爱迪生12岁时就已经靠自己谋生了。 考查时态。分析句子可知，“他自己谋生”发生在“他12岁”前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。故选D。 9．（2024·上海宝山·二模）By the end of last year, Kevin ________ in Shanghai for ten years. A．lived B．lives C．has lived D．had lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到去年底，Kevin已经在上海住了十年了。 考查动词时态。根据“By the end of last year”和“for ten years.”可知是表示动作从过去持续到去年，应用过去完成时had done。故选D。 10．（2024·上海长宁·二模）By 10 o’clock last night, we ________ over 200 e-mails on the program from the local citizens. A．received B．have received C．had received D．will receive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到昨晚10点，我们已经收到了200多封来自当地居民的关于这个项目的电子邮件。 考查动词时态。根据“By 10 o’clock last night”可知，“by+时间”作状语，与完成时连用，此处是到过去某个时间为止，因此用过去完成时。故选C。 11．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）After the children ________ the window with the football, they ran away from the scene. A．break down B．were breaking down C．had broken down D．have broken down 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们用足球打破窗户后，便逃离了现场。 考查时态。break down“打碎”。根据ran可知，孩子们用足球打破窗户这一动作发生在ran away之前，ran away是一般过去时，所以break down应该发生在过去的过去，所以时态应该为过去完成时，故选C。 12．（2024·上海松江·二模）Luckily, the rain ________ by the time we reached the foot of the hill. A．stops B．stopped C．has stopped D．had stopped 【答案】D 【详解】句意：幸运的是，当我们到达山脚下时，雨已经停了。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“by the time”可知，表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”。故选D。 13．（2024·上海虹口·二模）The books were in a mess because the librarian ________ them for weeks. A．doesn’t organize B．didn’t organize C．hasn’t organized D．hadn’t organized 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些书乱成一团，因为图书管理员好几个星期没有整理它们了。 考查动词时态。根据“The books were in a mess”可知，此处指在乱成一团前已经好几个星期没有整理了，强调过去的过去，所以用过去完成时（had done），故选D。 14．（2024·上海普陀·二模）After Frank __________ the dinner, he went for a walk in the garden with his family. A．is eating B．eats C．will eat D．had eaten 【答案】D 【详解】句意：弗兰克吃完晚饭后，和家人一起去花园里散步。 考查动词时态。is eating现在进行时；eats吃，一般现在时；will eat一般将来时；had eaten过去完成时。此处是after引导的时间状语从句，根据“he went for a walk in the garden with his family”可知主句用的一般过去时，结合选项，从句用过去完成时符合，故选D。 15．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）By the end of last week, the student ________ reading two-thirds of the book. A．finished B．was finishing C．has finished D．had finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：直到上周末为止，这个学生已经读完了这本书的三分之二。 考查过去完成时。根据“By the end of last week”可知，此处指的是直到上周末为止，动作发生在过去的过去，故时态为过去完成时，其结构为：had+过去分词。故选D。 16．（2024·上海宝山·一模）By the time Jack was fourteen years old, he ________ a story book on his own. A．would publish B．has published C．published D．had published 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到杰克十四岁的时候，他已经独立出版了一本故事书。 考查动词时态。根据“By the time Jack was fourteen years old”可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示在过去时间之前某个事件已完成。故选D。 17．（2021八年级·全国·专题练习）The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for she ________ before. A．didn’t fly B．hasn’t flown C．hadn’t flown D．wasn’t flying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：飞机上坐在我旁边的那个女孩非常紧张，因为她以前没有坐过飞机。 考查动词时态。主句用了一般过去时，原因状语从句表示“她以前从未坐过飞机”是比主句动作更早的事情，指过去的过去，故用过去完成时。故选C。 18．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经参观过盐城公园好几次了，所以我对它了解很多。 考查现在完成时。根据句中的“several times”可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选B。 19．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 20．（2024·江西·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A．came B．were coming C．will come D．have come 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——哦，嗨，我想买双鞋。——嗯，你来对地方了。我们店里有很多鞋子。 考查现在完成时。根据“Well, you ... to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop.”可知，强调来对地方对现在有影响——能买到想要的鞋子，所以用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 2024九年级下·上海闵行·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给） What is Technology? Technology is the application (应用) of knowledge to production. With the development of science and technology, we can enjoy the convenience of life. We have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work because of m 1 technology. For most of us in America, technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food a 2 to us by means of good farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span (寿命). So it raises a question. Will human beings continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? The answer depends on technology and our ability to use it w 3 . If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The improvement in technology depends upon research and d 4 , and the latest statistics (统计) show that the United States is continuing to spend billions of dollars every year on such e 5 . So while we are running out of some scarce resources, we may find technological substitutes (代用品) for many of them through our research programmes. Actually, when we need new skills on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. People will work together to design new products to s 6 some difficult problems. When equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be i 7 in response to it. 【答案】1．(m)odern 2．(a)vailable 3．(w)idely 4．(d)evelopment 5．(e)fforts 6．(s)olve 7．(i)nvented 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述技术的发明创造、应用与作用。 1．句意：由于现代技术，我们已经能够很大程度提高工作效率。根据“increase greatly the efficiency of our work because of ... technology”以及首字母可知，提高工作效率应是因为现代科技，modern“现代的”符合语境，形容词作定语。故填(m)odern。 2．句意：然而，通过良好的农业机械和动物育种技术，技术也增加了我们可获得的食物数量。根据“technology has also increased the amount of food...to us”以及首字母可知，应是技术增加了我们可获得的食物数量，available “可获得的”符合语境。故填(a)vailable。 3．句意：答案取决于技术和我们广泛使用技术的能力。空处应填副词修饰动词use，根据“The answer depends on technology and our ability to use it...”以及首字母可知，此处指广泛运用，widely“广泛地”符合语境。故填(w)idely。 4．句意：技术的进步依赖于研究和发展。and连接两个并列成分，结合research可知，空处也应用名词；根据“The improvement in technology depends upon research”以及首字母可知，技术的进步是要依赖于发展的，development“发展”，不可数名词。故填(d)evelopment。 5．句意：最新的统计数据显示，美国每年仍在这方面投入数十亿美元。such修饰名词；根据“the latest statistics show that the United States is continuing to spend billions of dollars every year”以及首字母可知，此处指美国方面的努力，effort“努力”，可数名词，所以此处应用复数。故填(e)fforts。 6．句意：人们会一起工作，设计新产品，以解决一些难题。根据“some difficult problems”以及首字母可知，应是解决问题，solve“解决”，不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故填(s)olve。 7．句意：当设备运行慢或者低效的时候，为了解决这个问题，新的机器会被发明出来。根据“When equipment proves to be slow or inefficient”可知，此处指发明新机器，invent“发明”，且“机器是被发明”，所以用被动语态，空处应用过去分词。故填(i)nvented。 PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海·期末）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文). The Labrador (拉布拉多猎犬) has won the honor of the most popular breed (品种) for the past eighteen years. It has been described as gentle, clever and friendly. However, not all Labs are the same. John Grogan discovered this after he and his wife adopted a Labrador that they named Marley. The dog caused Mr. Grogan a lot of trouble, but it also provided a lot of 8 for his newspaper articles. Later, he wrote a best-selling book, “Marley and Me: Life and Love with the World’s 9 Dog.” Marley was happy and fun-loving. But he was also extremely large and difficult to control. He bit anything that he could find around the house, including plastic, clothing and jewelry. And he had a great fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms. 10 , the Grogans lived in Florida where many thunderstorms develop. Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm. Marley almost 8 their home several times. John Grogan said that at first, he considered that probably his dog could be trained to be a show champion. But he soon realized that was impossible. Marley didn’t like to learn skills that didn’t belong to dogs, and the dog training school 11 him for causing troubles for other dogs. He didn’t want to hide his emotions. He would show his anger and tiredness if he felt them. 12 that, Marley still had earned a place in the Grogans’. He didn’t know how to dance, and he didn’t know how to walk on its two legs, but he was what he was. He would never be a Lassie or a Benji or an old Yeller for he would never like to take part in a dog show, but the Grogans accepted him and loved him very much. 9．A．services B．answers C．knowledge D．stories 10．A．Cleverest B．Worst C．Bravest D．Ugliest 11．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Thankfully 12．A．damaged B．sold C．eaten D．built 13．A．relied on B．cared for C．got rid of D．apologized to 14．A．Except for B．Even if C．In addition to D．Because of 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了拉布拉多猎犬马利在罗根家的幸福生活。 8．句意：这只狗给格罗根先生带来了很多麻烦，但也为他的报纸文章提供了很多故事。 services服务；answers答案；knowledge知识；stories故事。根据“for his newspaper articles”可知是为报纸文章提供了故事的内容。故选D。 9．句意：后来，他写了一本畅销书《马利和我：与世界上头号捣蛋狗的幸福生活》。 Cleverest最聪明的；Worst最糟糕的；Bravest最勇敢的；Ugliest最丑的。根据下文“Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm.”可知，如果雷雨天把马利独自留在家里，他就会攻击家具、墙壁和门，直到他的脚流血。由此可推测，他很调皮捣蛋。故选B。 10．句意：不幸的是，格罗根一家住在佛罗里达州，那里经常发生雷暴。 Importantly重要的是；Surprisingly令人惊喜的是；Unfortunately不幸的是；Thankfully令人感激的是。根据上文“And he had a great fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms.”可知，这只狗特别怕雷暴，而他们一家又刚好住在经常发生雷暴的地区，这是一件不幸的事情。故选C。 11．句意：马利好几次差点毁了他们的家。 damaged损毁；sold售出；eaten吃；built建造。根据上文“Marley would attack the furniture, walls and doors until his feet bled if he was left alone in the house during a thunderstorm.”可知，如果雷雨天把马利独自留在家里，他就会攻击家具、墙壁和门，直到他的脚流血。由此可推测，他差点把房子给毁了。故选A。 12．句意：马利不喜欢学习不属于狗的技能，狗训练学校因为给其他狗带来麻烦而将他开除。 relied on依赖；cared for照料；got rid of除去；apologized to向……道歉。根据“for causing troubles for other dogs”可知，因为给其他狗带来麻烦，所以被开除了。故选C。 13．句意：正因为如此，马利仍然在格罗根一家中赢得了一席之地。 Except for除了；Even if即使；In addition to此外；Because of由于。根据上文“He didn’t want to hide his emotions. He would show his anger and tiredness if he felt them.”可知，马利直接表达他的真性情，这是他赢得一席之地的原因。故选D。 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 journalist ['dʒɜːnəlɪst] n. 记者，新闻工作者 2 journey ['dʒɜːni] n. 旅行 3 joy [dʒɔɪ] n. 欢乐；高兴；乐趣 4 judge [dʒʌdʒ] n． v. 裁判；法官；审判、断定 5 junior ['dʒuːniə(r)] adj． 初级的；年少的 6 keen [kiːn] adj． 热心的 7 kindergarten ['kɪndəɡɑːtn] n． 幼儿园 8 kindness ['kaɪndnəs] n． 仁慈，好意 9 knowledge ['nɒlɪdʒ] n. 知识，学问 10 lecture ['lektʃə(r)] n． 讲座，讲课，演讲 11 length [leŋθ] n． 长度 12 librarian [laɪ'breəriən] n． 图书馆管理员 13 lie(lay, lain) [laɪ] v. 躺；卧；平放；位于 14 likely ['laɪkli] adj. 很可能的 15 limited ['lɪmɪtɪd] adj. 有限的，限制的 16 line [laɪn] n. 绳索，线，排，行，线路 17 link [lɪŋk] v. & n. 连接；联系 18 liquid ['lɪkwɪd] n． 液体 19 list [lɪst] n. 一览表，清单 20 luggage ['lʌɡɪdʒ] n. 行李 21 local ['ləʊkl] adj． n. 当地的；地方的; 本地人 22 locate [ləʊ'keɪt] v． 坐落于，确定……的地方 ◆23 lightning [ˈlaɪtnɪŋ] n. 闪电 ◆24 jog [dʒɒɡ] v. 慢跑 ◆25 knee [niː] n. 膝盖 ◆26 landscape [ˈlændskeɪp] n． 风景；乡村风景画 ◆27 laptop [ˈlæptɒp] n.． 便携式电脑；笔记本电脑 ◆28 loss [lɒs] n． 损失；丧失 ◆29 lively [ˈlaɪvli] adj. 活泼的；生动的 ◆30 literature [ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)] n. 文学；文学作品 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Many children have lost their ______ in the terrible disease recently. (life) 2. He was the only person ______ in the accident but he couldn't remember anything about it. (live) 3. Most Chinese people think that 8 is a ______ number. (luck) 4. ______, he caught the last bus. (luck) 5. The poor boy had to make a ______ by selling newspapers after his parents died.(live) 6. Can you tell me the ______ of the rope? (long) 7. He was very ______not to win.. (lucky) 8. These days the police are trying hard to ______ the missing stranger. (location) 9. The planet is ______ because there’s no water on it. (life) 10. In primary society, people ______ animals for food. (killer) 11. There are some ______ in this department. (Japan) 12. It is common ______ that the earth goes around the sun. (know) 13. Your smile is the best way to show people your ______. (kind) 14. Father ______ him in to do his homework yesterday. (keeper) 15. Jane is far more ______ when she wears this pair of glasses. (love) 【答案】 1.lives 2.alive 3.lucky 4.luckily 5.living 6.length 7.unlucky 8.locate 9.lifeless 10.killed 11.Japanese 12.knowledge 13.kindness 14.kept 15.lovely 词组默写 181. 换句话说 182. 作为回报 183. 惊奇地 184. 最后;终于 185.在将来 186.在……中 187.在过去;从前 188.这样 189.及时 190.处于困境中 191.代替:而不是 192.贸然断定;草率决定 193.刚才 194.记日记 195.继续做某事 196.保持健康 197.阻止;使……免于 198.(与……)保持联系 199.阻挡;不让……接近 200.保持安静 181.in other words 182. in return 183.in surprise 184. in the end 185. in the future 186. in the middle of 187.in the past 188. in this way 189.in time 190. in trouble 191.instead of 192.jump to a conclusion 193.just now 194. keep a diary 195. keep doing sth. 196. keep fit 197. keep...from 198. keep in touch (with) 199. keep off 200. keep quiet 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$