08讲：外刊精选+语法专题【一般现在时与一般过去时】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【字母H】 （讲练）-【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第八讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（一般现在时与一般过去时）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读回答问题）、 词汇打卡(字母H) 外刊精选 Forever chemicals “永久性化学物” 是什么？ 我们每个人的体内或多或少都含有“永久化学物”，这些化学物质还会在人体内不断地积累。许多日常生活用品中都含有这种有害化学物质，比如不粘锅、防油食物包装、防水衣物。“永久化学物”与很多严重疾病之间存在联系。本文介绍什么是永久性化学物、它的危害以及减少接触这种物质的方法。 Almost all of us have them in our body, they accumulate throughout our lives and they may be causing serious health conditions. They’ve been called ‘forever chemicals’, but what are they, where do they come from, and what can we do about them? ‘Forever chemicals’ take their name from the fact that they contain fluorine-carbon bonds(氟碳键), and because they last, if not forever, for a very long time. These chemical bonds are incredibly difficult to break down, which means that contaminants from these chemicals build up over time in our environment. As well as in our bodies, they’ve been found in the soil and in drinking water. While some have now been banned, these chemicals have been used in a wide range of consumer products. They have a repellent effect on oil and water and so have been used for stain-proofing furniture and carpets. Forever chemicals have been used to make non-stick pans and grease-proof food packaging. You can find them in waterproof clothing and bicycle lubricants. Particular concern has been raised about their use in cosmetics and other personal care products. These products are often used near mucous membranes, like those in our eyes and mouths, which could make it easier for chemicals to be absorbed into our bodies. The exact level of risk is uncertain, but studies have suggested links between these compounds and conditions such as cancer, reproduction problems, developmental problems in children, and reduced immunity to disease. However, the level of exposure at which people become at risk is not yet clear. It may be impossible to completely avoid these chemicals, but people can take steps to reduce their exposure. Air and water filters, as well as reducing the amount of dust in our living spaces is one way to do this. Another way is to carefully check the ingredients of cosmetics as well as the materials in carpets and furniture before buying them. 词汇表 accumulate 积聚，堆积 fluorine（化学）氟 break down 分解 contaminant 污染物 build up（逐渐）积累 consumer product 消费品 repellent effect 驱避作用 stain-proof 作防污处理 non-stick（厨具）不粘食物的 grease-proof 防油的 waterproof 防水的 lubricant 润滑油，润滑剂 cosmetics 化妆品 personal care product 个人护理产品 mucous membrane 黏膜 absorb 吸收 compound 化合物 developmental problem 发育问题 immunity 免疫，免疫力 exposure 暴露，接触 filter 过滤器 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What kind of chemical bonds do forever chemicals have? 2. Why do forever chemicals last for so long? 3. Where have contaminants from forever chemicals been found? 4. Why is there particular concern about forever chemicals in cosmetics? 5. What should people check carefully when they buy things? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Chemical _______ hold different molecules together. contaminants           cosmetics                bonds                  exposures 2. If chemicals are not disposed of properly, they can become _______. filters                       contaminants           bonds                 compounds 3. _______ makes furniture easier to clean. Non-stick                 Lubricant                Filter                   Stain-proofing 4. Using a _______ keeps a machine running smoothly. compound                lubricant                 contaminant         cosmetic 5. Hiking equipment should be _______ to protect you from bad weather. grease-proof             non-stick                stain-proof            waterproof 答案 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What kind of chemical bonds do forever chemicals have? Forever chemicals contain fluorine-carbon bonds. 2. Why do forever chemicals last for so long? Forever chemicals last for a long time because fluorine-carbon bonds are very difficult to break down. 3. Where have contaminants from forever chemicals been found? Contaminants from forever chemicals have been found in people’s bodies, in drinking water and in the soil. 4. Why is there particular concern about forever chemicals in cosmetics? As cosmetics are often used near mucous membranes, it may be easier for chemicals to be absorbed into our bodies. 5. What should people check carefully when they buy things? People should carefully check the ingredients of cosmetics that they buy as well as the materials used in carpets and furniture.   2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Chemical bonds hold different molecules together. 2. If chemicals are not disposed of properly, they can become contaminants. 3. Stain-proofing makes furniture easier to clean.  4. Using a lubricant keeps a machine running smoothly. 5. Hiking equipment should be waterproof to protect you from bad weather. 语法专题 语法精选---一般现在时与一般过去时 一般现在时 1. 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况 1. It seldom snows here. 2. He is always ready to help others. 3. Neither of us is a doctor. 4. Mr Zhao doesn’t like swimming, does he? 2. 信号词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, We visit our grandparents once a week. 3. 主将从现：信号词：if(如果), when, as soon as, until, after, before 注意：if表示“是否”时不遵循主将从现的规则 1. I’ll talk to him when he ______. A. come B. will come C. comes D. came 2. I don’t know if it _____ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 4. 普遍真理，一般规律 1. Light travels faster than sound. 2. Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 一般过去时 1. 信号词：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 1 .My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year. A. joined…has become B. joined…has been C. has joined…has been D. did join…had been 2. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _____ to work in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins 3. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. don't do C. didn’t do D. won’t do 2. hit, hurt, put, cut, cost,  set, read, spread, burst的过去式和过去分词无变化,注意时态辨别。                   1. Father put on his cap and ____ out. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 2. The book cost Helen ten yuan.改写为： 一般疑问句：___________________________. 否定句：_______________________________. 反义疑问句：____________________________. 3.主句谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语动词也用过去时。 注意：从句叙述普遍真理或一般规律时例外。 1. I didn't know you were so busy. 2. Joan ____ me whether I _____ the book before. A. asked…had read B. asked…shall read C. asked…would read D. asked…has read 3. We expected that the English teacher _______ some advice on how to write an English letter. A. will give B. gave C. is going to give D. would give 4.The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 4. 既可以用于一般现在时也可以用于一般过去时的词 seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day eg. She often came to help us in those days. 即学即练 1．（2024·上海崇明·一模）The students ________ as volunteers in the nursing home after school every Friday. A．have worked B．works C．are working D．work 【答案】D 【详解】句意：学生们每周五放学后到养老院做志愿者。 考查动词时态。根据“every Friday”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故选D。 2．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）Aunt Gina has lived in this town for more than sixty years. That’s why she ________ it very well. A．will know B．knew C．knows D．is knowing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉娜阿姨在这个镇上住了六十多年了。这就是她非常了解它的原因。 考查动词时态。根据“Aunt Gina has lived in this town for more than sixty years.”可知，吉娜阿姨在这个镇上住了六十多年，她非常了解这个镇，也就是说吉娜阿姨熟悉这个镇是一个事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式knows。故选C。 3．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）There ________ no women engineers or architects-until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A．are B．were C．is D．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：直到19世纪末和20世纪初，才出现了女性工程师或建筑师。 考查动词时态和there be结构。根据时间状语“until the late 19th and early 20th centuries”可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示在过去某个时间里的状态或动作；there be句型中，当主语不止一个，此时谓语动词与最靠近它的主语“women engineers”在数上一致，所以动词应该用复数形式。故选B。 4．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Mike usually _______ to the local sports center at weekends when he studied abroad. A．goes B．is going C．went D．had gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当迈克在国外学习时，他通常在周末去当地的体育中心。 考查时态。根据“when he studied”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。 5．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Last week a group of scientists ________ the Arctic to test out a method of “refreezing” its ice. A．visits B．visited C．will visit D．had visited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周，一组科学家访问了北极，以测试一种“重新冻结”冰层的方法。 考查一般过去时。由“Last week”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。 6．（2024·上海松江·一模）The discussion on whether to keep pets __________ half an hour in yesterday’s English class. A．last B．lasted C．has lasted D．will last 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天的英语课上关于是否养宠物的讨论持续了半个小时。 考查动词时态用法。根据“in yesterday’s English class.”可知，时态为一般过去时，结合选项，需用谓语动词的过去式，选项B为过去式。故选B。 7．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）The sun ________ brightly every day during our holiday in Milan last year. A．is shining B．shone C．has shone D．shines 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年我们在米兰度假期间，阳光灿烂。 考查时态。is shining现在进行时；shone一般过去时；has shone现在完成时；shines第三人称单数形式。根据“last year”可知事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时。故选B。 8．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——喂，是吉姆吗？我是彼得。——很抱歉。吉姆要去车站接他的父亲。他的火车下午两点半到达。 考查时态。根据“Jim...for the station”可知，吉姆将要去车站，动作发生在将来，leave“离开”在表示将要发生的动作时，要用现在进行时表示，故第一个空填is leaving；根据“His train...at 2: 30 p.m.”可知，他的火车下午两点半到达，火车按照时刻表出发，用一般现在时，故第二个空填arrives。故选D。 9．（2024·北京朝阳·二模）People usually ________ Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival in China. A．eat B．ate C．are eating D．will eat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在中国，人们通常在端午节吃粽子。 考查动词时态。根据“usually”和语境可知，此句应用一般现在时，主语是“people”，所以谓语动词应用原形。故选A。 10．（2024·北京房山·二模）My mom ________ zongzi for us every Dragon Boat Festival. I like zongzi with red beans. A．made B．makes C．will make D．has made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈每年端午节都会给我们包粽子。我喜欢红豆粽子。 考查时态。根据“every Dragon Boat Festival”可知，是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单。故选B。 11．（2024·北京东城·二模）—Sam, what do you usually do to help around the house? —I ________ out the rubbish. A．take B．took C．have taken D．will take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——萨姆，你通常都做些什么家务？ ——我倒垃圾。 考查一般现在时。根据“Sam, what do you usually do to help around the house?”可知，此处是指经常做的事情，时态应用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词应用原形。故选A。 12．（2024·北京顺义·二模）Tom likes sports. He often ________ football with his friends on weekends. A．plays B．is playing C．played D．will play 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆喜欢运动。他经常在周末和朋友们一起踢足球。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据空前的“often”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的“He”，所以此处应用三单形式。故选A。 13．（2024·北京门头沟·二模）Linda ________ her notes before doing homework every day. A．reviews B．was reviewing C．will review D．has reviewed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Linda每天做作业前复习笔记。 考查时态。根据“every day”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的“Linda”，所以此处应用动词的三单形式。故选A。 14．（2024·北京丰台·一模）Mr. White likes football. He ________ football matches on TV every weekend. A．will watch B．watched C．watches D．has watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：怀特先生喜欢足球。他每个周末都在电视上看足球比赛。 考查时态。根据“Mr. White likes football.”和“...every weekend”可知，此处是经常性发生的动作，用一般现在时。故选C。 15．（2024·甘肃平凉·一模）Not only I but also she ________ hanging out in the shopping mall. A．like B．likes C．liked D．to like 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不仅我，她也喜欢在购物中心闲逛。 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，not only...but also连接的并列成分作主语时，遵循就近原则，根据“she”可知谓语动词用单三。故选B。 16．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）A fantail goldfish ________ about four kilos. A．weigh B．weighs C．weighes D．weight 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一条扇尾金鱼重大约4公斤。 考查动词的三单形式。weigh称重，动词；weight重量，名词。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，排除D；且描述某人或某物的特征应用一般现在时，主语“A fantail goldfish ”为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，weigh的第三人称单数形式为weighs。故选B。 17．（2024·河北保定·二模）My brother ________ football every day after school. He has become very good at it. A．plays B．played C．has played D．is playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我兄弟每天放学后都踢足球。他已经非常擅长了。 考查时态。根据“every day”可知，应用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词也用三单。故选A。 18．（2024·河北唐山·二模）Bruce always _________ his teeth after having dinner. A．brushes B．is brushing C．will brush D．was brushing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：布鲁斯总是在晚饭后刷牙。 考查时态。根据“always”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是Bruce，谓语动词用单三。故选A。 19．（2024·江西吉安·二模）Knowledge is power, so my parents ________ me to read books every day. A．advise B．will advise C．were advising D．had advised 【答案】A 【详解】句意：知识就是力量，所以我的父母建议我每天看书。 考查时态。advise建议，一般现在时；will advise一般将来时；were advising过去进行时；had advised过去完成时。根据“every day”可知，此处为一般现在时，故选A。 20．（2024·江西上饶·一模）Mary ________ hard every day so she has a good performance in school. A．studied B．studies C．has studied D．will study 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玛丽每天都很努力学习，所以她在学校表现很好。 考查一般现在时。studied一般过去时；studies一般现在时；has studied现在完成时；will study一般将来时。根据“ every day”可知，该用一般现在时。故选B。 21．（2024·北京石景山·一模）If the new restaurant ________ tomorrow, we will go and try some food. A．opens B．opened C．will open D．has opened 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果新餐馆明天开张，我们将去尝试一些食物。 考查时态。If引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时。故选A。 22．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Look at the timetable. The flight to Shanghai ________ at 10 o’clock. That’s to say, he’s leaving in two hours. A．left B．is leaving C．leaves D．has left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看时刻表。飞往上海的飞机10点钟起飞。那就是说，他两小时后离开。 考查动词时态。表示按规定或是时间表的安排将要发生某事时，常用一般现在时表示将来。飞机按时刻表起飞，应为一般现在时。故选C。 23．（2024·北京房山·二模）— How was your May Day holiday? — Wonderful, I ________ with my parents. We had a great time. A．travelled B．will travel C．travel D．am travelling 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的五一假期过得怎么样？——太好了，我和父母一起旅行了。我们玩得很开心。 考查时态。根据“How was your May Day holiday?”可知，此处介绍过去发生的事情，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。 24．（2024·北京海淀·二模）—Sally, what did you do last weekend? —I _____ a picnic in the park with my friends. It was great! A．have B．will have C．had D．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——萨莉，你上周末做了什么？——我和朋友们在公园里野餐了。太棒了！ 考查动词时态。结合“last weekend”可知时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选C。 25．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）—Would you like to see the film Boonie Bears: Time Twist with me tomorrow? —Sorry. I ________ it with my parents the other day. A．watch B．watched C．will watcb D．am watching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——明天你愿意和我一起观看电影《熊出没之逆转时空》吗？——抱歉，前几天我和我的父母一起看过了。 考查一般过去时。由“the other day”可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选B。 26．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Have you watched the film YOLO? —Yes, it touched me a lot. I ________ it with my family two months ago. A．watch B．will watch C．watched D．have watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《热辣滚烫》吗？——是的，它触动了我很多。两个月前我和家人一起看的。 考查动词时态。结合“two months ago”可知应使用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。 27．（2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测）Look! The dress is really beautiful. My mother ________ it for me. A．will make B．was making C．made D．make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！这条裙子真漂亮。我妈妈给我做的。 考查动词时态。根据“The dress is really beautiful.”可知，这条裙子已经做好了，结合选项，使用动词过去式，故选C。 28．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）What’s the weather like tomorrow? I was on the phone and _________ most of the weather report. A．miss B．was missing C．would miss D．missed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明天天气怎么样？我刚才在打电话，错过了大部分天气预报。 考查动词时态。根据“I was on the phone”可知，描述过去发生的动作要用一般过去时。故选D。 29．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Hi, Judy! I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I as a volunteer teacher in the northwest of China. I came back last week. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你好，朱迪！我很久没见到你了。 ——是的。我在中国西北地区做过支教工作。我上周回来的。 考查一般过去时。根据“I came back last week.”可知，在西北地区做一名支教老师发生在过去式，看不出对现在造成的影响和结果，因此时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式worked。故选A。 30．（2024·江西南昌·二模）—Tony, you are back from London. What are English schools like? —Here are a few photos. I ________ them by myself. A．take B．am taking C．took D．will take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——托尼，你从伦敦回来了。英国学校是什么样子的？——这儿有几张照片。我自己拍的。 考查动词时态。根据“Here are a few photos.”可知，这些照片已经有了，因此空格处应用一般过去时。故选C。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 I didn’t cry when I learned I was the parent of a disabled child. “Go ahead and cry,” the doctor advised kindly, but I couldn’t cry then, nor during the days that followed. When Jenny was old enough, I sent her to a kindergarten. On the first morning, Jenny spent hours playing by herself. It seemed that she felt very l 1 . However, to my joy, Jenny’s classmates always encouraged her, “you got all your spelling words right today!” In fact, her spelling list was the e 2 . Later she faced a very painful problem—at the end of the term, there was a game which had something to do with physical education. But Jenny was way behind in it. My husband and I were anxious about the day. I wanted to keep her home. Why let Jenny fail in a gym filled with parents, students and teachers? But my heart wouldn’t let me off that easily. So I pushed a pale, unwilling Jenny onto the school bus. At the kindergarten, I was quite worried because of her slow action. Jenny would probably hold up (阻碍) her team. The game went on well u 3 it was time for the sack (麻袋) race. Surely Jenny would find it difficult. Now each child had to climb into a sack, jump to the finishing line, return and climb out of the sack. I noticed Jenny standing near the end of her line of players. But as it was her turn to join, a c 4 took place in her team. The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist (腰). Two other boys stood ahead of her. The moment the player before Jenny stepped out from the sack, those two boys picked up the sack quickly and held it o 5 while the tall boy lifted Jenny and dropped her into it. A girl in front of Jenny took her hand and supported her, making sure Jenny gained her balance. Then she jumped f 6 , smiling and proud. In the cheers of teachers, schoolmates and parents, I silently thanked Heaven for the warm, understanding people in life who make it p 7 for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings. Then I finally cried. 【答案】1．(l)onely 2．(e)asiest 3．(u)ntil 4．(c)hange 5．(o)pen 6．(f)orward 7．(p)ossible 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者的女儿是一位残疾人，在女儿詹妮读幼儿园时，有一次她受到了幼儿园的小朋友帮助，胜利完成任务的故事。 1．句意：她似乎感到很孤独。根据“Jenny spent hours playing by herself”并结合所给首字母可知，她应该是感到孤独，“孤独的”lonely。故填(l)onely。 2．句意：事实上，她的拼写列表是最简单的。根据“you got all your spelling words right today”和“In fact, her spelling list was the”并结合所给首字母可知，Jenny做的拼写应该是最简单的，此处用最高级，“最简单的”easiest。故填(e)asiest。 3．句意：比赛进行得很顺利，直到到了麻袋赛跑的时候。根据“The game went on well...it was time for the sack (麻袋) race”可知，在麻袋赛跑之前一切都很顺利，即直到麻袋赛跑时，比赛都进行得很顺利。“到……时”until。故填(u)ntil。 4．句意：但当轮到她加入时，她的团队发生了变化。根据“The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist (腰). Two other boys stood ahead of her...”并结合所给首字母可知，团队应该是发生了变化。“变化”change，由a可知，应用单数。故填(c)hange。 5．句意：在珍妮前面的那名运动员从麻袋里走出来的那一刻，那两个男孩迅速地拿起麻袋，把它打开，而高个子男孩把珍妮抱起来，把她扔了进去。根据“while the tall boy lifted Jenny and dropped her into it”并根据所给首字母可知，是把麻袋打开，此处应用形容词“开着的、敞开的”open。故填(o)pen。 6．句意：然后她向前跳，微笑着，且很自豪。根据“A girl in front of Jenny took her hand and supported her, making sure Jenny gained her balance. Then she jumped...”并结合所给首字母可知，应该是向终点跳去，即向前跳，“向前”forward。故填(f)orward。 7．句意：在老师、同学和家长的欢呼声中，我默默地感谢生活中那些热情、善解人意的人，是他们让我的残疾女儿能够像其他人类一样生活。根据“the warm, understanding people in life who make it...for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings”可知，他们让我的残疾女儿能够像其他人类一样生活，“让……成为可能”make it possible。故填(p)ossible。 PASSAGE 2 （2024·上海崇明·二模） As you probably know, the town council (议会) has got £1 million to spend in improving the town’s facilities for young people and we’re looking for great ideas on how to spend the money well. Post your ideas in the forum (论坛)  below and let us know how we can make life better for you. Here are some ideas. There’s nothing for teenagers to do in this town, especially at night. Can we use the money to build a youth club? Somewhere with a pool table and a table tennis table, perhaps. We need somewhere to play happily and hang out safely in the evenings. —Daisy, 15 I think the best use for the money is to build a playground in the town park. It should have lots of rides for the young kids. I’d like to have a skateboard park for a start and maybe if there is enough money, we can have a climbing wall, too. —Luke, 13 As I’m only 14, I can’t drive, so I go everywhere on my bike. But the roads are dangerous and many motorists drive too fast. How about spending the money in building more cycle lanes? We could also put in more speed cameras and zebra crossings, too. This will make life safer for all our citizens, not just the young people. —Liz, 14 How about a big billboard at the entrance to the town that reads, “TEEN WARNING—there’s nothing to do here!” —Sadie, 16 This probably sounds like a boring idea, but can’t we use some of the money to buy more litter bins? I feel ashamed of our town when I see much litter on the ground. We need to tidy up our town quickly! —Jack, 15 Our high street is full of empty shops because everyone just shops at the new shopping centre outside of town or online. Why don’t we use the money to turn some of these empty shops into an arts centre? It can have studios where we can draw and paint or learn how to make films. We can also have a music studio where local bands can record music cheaply. —Alex, 17 8．How much money has the town council got? 9．What do Daisy and Sadie think of the town? 10．What does Luke want to have most in his idea? 11．In Liz’s opinion, what should the money be spent in? 12．Whose idea do you like best if you are an art lover? 13．Why does the writer choose the six ideas which are all from the teenagers? Give TWO reasons. 【答案】8．£1 million. 9．There’s nothing for teenagers to do in this town. 10．A playground. 11．The money should be spent in building more cycle lanes. 12．Alex’s. 13．Because these ideas care about the safety, interests, leisure life of teenagers, and they can make their lives better. 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些年轻人对于镇议会用于改善年轻人设施经费的用途和想法。 8．根据“the town council has got £1 million”可知，镇议会获得100万英镑。故填£1 million. 9．根据“There’s nothing for teenagers to do in this town”和“TEEN WARNING—there’s nothing to do here!”可知，Daisy和Sadie都认为在这个小镇上，青少年没有什么可做的。故填There’s nothing for teenagers to do in this town. 10．根据“I think the best use for the money is to build a playground in the town park.”可知，Luke最想要在镇上建一个游乐场。故填A playground. 11．根据“How about spending the money in building more cycle lanes?”可知，Liz认为应该把钱用于建造更多的自行车道。故填The money should be spent in building more cycle lanes. 12．根据“Why don’t we use the money to turn some of these empty shops into an arts centre? It can have studios where we can draw and paint or learn how to make films. We can also have a music studio where local bands can record music cheaply. —Alex, 17”可知，Alex认为可以将空荡荡的商店改造成艺术中心，青少年可以在这里画画、玩音乐和学习制作电影等，所以艺术爱好者最喜欢Alex的想法。故填Alex’s. 13．根据“how we can make life better for you”、“This will make life safer for all our citizens”、“Can we use the money to build a youth club?”和“Why don’t we use the money to turn some of these empty shops into an arts centre?”可知，作者选取的这些年轻人的建议，涵盖了安全和业余生活的范畴，这样可以让他们的生活更好。故填Because these ideas care about the safety, interests, leisure life of teenagers, and they can make their lives better. 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 habit ['hæbɪt] n. 习惯；习性 2 hall [hɔːl] n. 大堂；会堂；礼堂 3 hamburger ['hæmb ɜ ː ɡ ə(r)] n. 汉堡包 4 handsome ['hænsəm] a. 英俊的 5 handwriting ['hændraɪtɪŋ] n. 书法 6 hang(hung, hung) [hæŋ] v. 悬挂；吊着；把……吊起 7 happen ['hæpən] vi. (偶然)发生 8 happily ['hæpɪli] adv. 幸福地；快乐地，高兴地 9 happiness ['hæpinəs] n. 幸福、快乐 10 hardly ['hɑːdli] ad. 几乎不 11 hate [heɪt] vt & n.. 恨，讨厌 12 headache ['hedeɪk] n． 头痛 13 headline ['hedlaɪn] n． （报刊的）大字标题 14 headmaster [hed'm ɑ ː st ə(r)] n． （英）中小学校长 15 healthy ['helθi] a. 健康的；健壮的 16 hear(heard, hread) [hɪə(r)] v. 听见；听说，得知 17 heaven ['hevn] n. 天；天空 18 heavily ['hevɪli] adv． 沉重地；大量地 19 height [haɪt] n. 高；高度；海拔 20 helpless ['helpləs] adj. 无助的；没有帮助的 21 hesitate ['hezɪteɪt] v． 犹豫，踌躇 22 hide(hid, hidden) [haɪd] v. 把……藏起来；隐藏 23 historical [hɪ'stɒrɪkl] adj． 历史的，历史上 24 homeless ['həʊmləs] adj． 无家可归的 25 honesty ['ɒnəsti] n． 诚实 26 horrible ['hɒrəbl] adj. 令人恐惧的；恐怖的 27 hurt(hurt, hurt) [hɜːt] vt. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情 28 hungry ['hʌŋɡri] a. (饥)饿的 29 hurry ['hʌri] vi. 赶快，急忙 ◆30 humourous ['hjuːmərəs] a. 幽默的 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Joan's suggestion was really ______ for me to make a right decision. (help) helpful 2. The gentleman lost temper for the first time and shut the door ______ when he left. (heavy) heavily 3. The TV play is based on Chinese ______ in the 1940s. (historical) history 4. This story tells us that sometimes money doesn't bring ______ to us. (happy) happiness 5. Mr. Lian Zhan visited Nanjing, Beijing, Xi’an and Shanghai ______ after sixty years’ absence. (happy) happily 6. My deskmate looked ______ because he failed in the English test. (happy) unhappy 7. My daughter doesn’t take enough exercise but eats a lot, so she looks ______. (health) unhealthy 8. Two women doctors will give us a lecture on ______ diet tomorrow. (health) healthy 9. Where there is life, there is ______. (hopeful) hope 10. The ______ of Jin Mao Building is 340 meters. (high) height 11. It’s only a story in a popular film, not a ______ event. (history) historical 12. No one believed that the ______ child would become a famous writer. (home) homeless 13. The fireman sent the sick children to the hospital ______. (hurry) hurriedly 14. If you smoke, it's ______ not only to yourself but also to the persons around you. (harm) harmful 15. After Tom heard the story, he decided to______ the poor boy. (helpful) help 【答案】 1. helpful 2. heavily 3.history 4.happiness 5.happily 6.unhappy 7.unhealthy 8. healthy 9. hope 10.height 11.historical 12.homeless 13.hurriedly 14.harmful 15. help 词组默写 141.上学 142.入睡 143.去看电影 144.出错 145.成年;长大 146.最好还是;还是……好 147.上交 148.碰巧做 149.发生到某人身上 150.上课 151.玩得很愉快;过得很偷快 152.吃早餐 153.不清楚 154.怜悯某人 155.进行体育活动 156.不得不 157.收到……来信 158.听说 159.帮助某人做某事 160.到处 141. go to school 142.go to sleep 143.go to the cinema / movie(s) 144. go wrong 145. grow up 146. had better 147. hand in 148. happen to do 149. happen to sb. 150.have a class / lesson 151. have a good time 152.have breakfast 153. have no idea 154. have pity on sb. 155. have sports 156.have(got)to 157. hear from 158. hear of 159. help sb. with sth. 160. here and there 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第八讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（一般现在时与一般过去时）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读回答问题）、 词汇打卡(字母H) 外刊精选 Forever chemicals “永久性化学物” 是什么？ 我们每个人的体内或多或少都含有“永久化学物”，这些化学物质还会在人体内不断地积累。许多日常生活用品中都含有这种有害化学物质，比如不粘锅、防油食物包装、防水衣物。“永久化学物”与很多严重疾病之间存在联系。本文介绍什么是永久性化学物、它的危害以及减少接触这种物质的方法。 Almost all of us have them in our body, they accumulate throughout our lives and they may be causing serious health conditions. They’ve been called ‘forever chemicals’, but what are they, where do they come from, and what can we do about them? ‘Forever chemicals’ take their name from the fact that they contain fluorine-carbon bonds(氟碳键), and because they last, if not forever, for a very long time. These chemical bonds are incredibly difficult to break down, which means that contaminants from these chemicals build up over time in our environment. As well as in our bodies, they’ve been found in the soil and in drinking water. While some have now been banned, these chemicals have been used in a wide range of consumer products. They have a repellent effect on oil and water and so have been used for stain-proofing furniture and carpets. Forever chemicals have been used to make non-stick pans and grease-proof food packaging. You can find them in waterproof clothing and bicycle lubricants. Particular concern has been raised about their use in cosmetics and other personal care products. These products are often used near mucous membranes, like those in our eyes and mouths, which could make it easier for chemicals to be absorbed into our bodies. The exact level of risk is uncertain, but studies have suggested links between these compounds and conditions such as cancer, reproduction problems, developmental problems in children, and reduced immunity to disease. However, the level of exposure at which people become at risk is not yet clear. It may be impossible to completely avoid these chemicals, but people can take steps to reduce their exposure. Air and water filters, as well as reducing the amount of dust in our living spaces is one way to do this. Another way is to carefully check the ingredients of cosmetics as well as the materials in carpets and furniture before buying them. 词汇表 accumulate 积聚，堆积 fluorine（化学）氟 break down 分解 contaminant 污染物 build up（逐渐）积累 consumer product 消费品 repellent effect 驱避作用 stain-proof 作防污处理 non-stick（厨具）不粘食物的 grease-proof 防油的 waterproof 防水的 lubricant 润滑油，润滑剂 cosmetics 化妆品 personal care product 个人护理产品 mucous membrane 黏膜 absorb 吸收 compound 化合物 developmental problem 发育问题 immunity 免疫，免疫力 exposure 暴露，接触 filter 过滤器 测验与练习 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What kind of chemical bonds do forever chemicals have? 2. Why do forever chemicals last for so long? 3. Where have contaminants from forever chemicals been found? 4. Why is there particular concern about forever chemicals in cosmetics? 5. What should people check carefully when they buy things? 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Chemical _______ hold different molecules together. contaminants           cosmetics                bonds                  exposures 2. If chemicals are not disposed of properly, they can become _______. filters                       contaminants           bonds                 compounds 3. _______ makes furniture easier to clean. Non-stick                 Lubricant                Filter                   Stain-proofing 4. Using a _______ keeps a machine running smoothly. compound                lubricant                 contaminant         cosmetic 5. Hiking equipment should be _______ to protect you from bad weather. grease-proof             non-stick                stain-proof            waterproof 语法专题 语法精选---一般现在时与一般过去时 一般现在时 1. 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况 1. It seldom snows here. 2. He is always ready to help others. 3. Neither of us is a doctor. 4. Mr Zhao doesn’t like swimming, does he? 2. 信号词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, We visit our grandparents once a week. 3. 主将从现：信号词：if(如果), when, as soon as, until, after, before 注意：if表示“是否”时不遵循主将从现的规则 1. I’ll talk to him when he ______. A. come B. will come C. comes D. came 2. I don’t know if it _____ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 4. 普遍真理，一般规律 1. Light travels faster than sound. 2. Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 一般过去时 1. 信号词：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 1 .My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year. A. joined…has become B. joined…has been C. has joined…has been D. did join…had been 2. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _____ to work in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins 3. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. don't do C. didn’t do D. won’t do 2.的过去式和过去分词无变化,注意时态辨别。                   1. Father put on his cap and ____ out. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 2. The book cost Helen ten yuan.改写为： 一般疑问句：___________________________. 否定句：_______________________________. 反义疑问句：____________________________. 3.主句谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语动词也用过去时。 注意：从句叙述普遍真理或一般规律时例外。 1. I didn't know you were so busy. 2. Joan ____ me whether I _____ the book before. A. asked…had read B. asked…shall read C. asked…would read D. asked…has read 3. We expected that the English teacher _______ some advice on how to write an English letter. A. will give B. gave C. is going to give D. would give 4.The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 4. 既可以用于一般现在时也可以用于一般过去时的词 seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day eg. She often came to help us in those days. 即学即练 1．（2024·上海崇明·一模）The students ________ as volunteers in the nursing home after school every Friday. A．have worked B．works C．are working D．work 2．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）Aunt Gina has lived in this town for more than sixty years. That’s why she ________ it very well. A．will know B．knew C．knows D．is knowing 3．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）There ________ no women engineers or architects-until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A．are B．were C．is D．was 4．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Mike usually _______ to the local sports center at weekends when he studied abroad. A．goes B．is going C．went D．had gone 5．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Last week a group of scientists ________ the Arctic to test out a method of “refreezing” its ice. A．visits B．visited C．will visit D．had visited 6．（2024·上海松江·一模）The discussion on whether to keep pets __________ half an hour in yesterday’s English class. A．last B．lasted C．has lasted D．will last 7．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）The sun ________ brightly every day during our holiday in Milan last year. A．is shining B．shone C．has shone D．shines 8．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 9．（2024·北京朝阳·二模）People usually ________ Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival in China. A．eat B．ate C．are eating D．will eat 10．（2024·北京房山·二模）My mom ________ zongzi for us every Dragon Boat Festival. I like zongzi with red beans. A．made B．makes C．will make D．has made 11．（2024·北京东城·二模）—Sam, what do you usually do to help around the house? —I ________ out the rubbish. A．take B．took C．have taken D．will take 12．（2024·北京顺义·二模）Tom likes sports. He often ________ football with his friends on weekends. A．plays B．is playing C．played D．will play 13．（2024·北京门头沟·二模）Linda ________ her notes before doing homework every day. A．reviews B．was reviewing C．will review D．has reviewed 14．（2024·北京丰台·一模）Mr. White likes football. He ________ football matches on TV every weekend. A．will watch B．watched C．watches D．has watched 15．（2024·甘肃平凉·一模）Not only I but also she ________ hanging out in the shopping mall. A．like B．likes C．liked D．to like 16．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）A fantail goldfish ________ about four kilos. A．weigh B．weighs C．weighes D．weight 17．（2024·河北保定·二模）My brother ________ football every day after school. He has become very good at it. A．plays B．played C．has played D．is playing 18．（2024·河北唐山·二模）Bruce always _________ his teeth after having dinner. A．brushes B．is brushing C．will brush D．was brushing 19．（2024·江西吉安·二模）Knowledge is power, so my parents ________ me to read books every day. A．advise B．will advise C．were advising D．had advised 20．（2024·江西上饶·一模）Mary ________ hard every day so she has a good performance in school. A．studied B．studies C．has studied D．will study 21．（2024·北京石景山·一模）If the new restaurant ________ tomorrow, we will go and try some food. A．opens B．opened C．will open D．has opened 22．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Look at the timetable. The flight to Shanghai ________ at 10 o’clock. That’s to say, he’s leaving in two hours. A．left B．is leaving C．leaves D．has left 23．（2024·北京房山·二模）— How was your May Day holiday? — Wonderful, I ________ with my parents. We had a great time. A．travelled B．will travel C．travel D．am travelling 24．（2024·北京海淀·二模）—Sally, what did you do last weekend? —I _____ a picnic in the park with my friends. It was great! A．have B．will have C．had D．have had 25．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）—Would you like to see the film Boonie Bears: Time Twist with me tomorrow? —Sorry. I ________ it with my parents the other day. A．watch B．watched C．will watcb D．am watching 26．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Have you watched the film YOLO? —Yes, it touched me a lot. I ________ it with my family two months ago. A．watch B．will watch C．watched D．have watched 27．（2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测）Look! The dress is really beautiful. My mother ________ it for me. A．will make B．was making C．made D．make 28．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）What’s the weather like tomorrow? I was on the phone and _________ most of the weather report. A．miss B．was missing C．would miss D．missed 29．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Hi, Judy! I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I as a volunteer teacher in the northwest of China. I came back last week. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 30．（2024·江西南昌·二模）—Tony, you are back from London. What are English schools like? —Here are a few photos. I ________ them by myself. A．take B．am taking C．took D．will take 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 I didn’t cry when I learned I was the parent of a disabled child. “Go ahead and cry,” the doctor advised kindly, but I couldn’t cry then, nor during the days that followed. When Jenny was old enough, I sent her to a kindergarten. On the first morning, Jenny spent hours playing by herself. It seemed that she felt very l 1 . However, to my joy, Jenny’s classmates always encouraged her, “you got all your spelling words right today!” In fact, her spelling list was the e 2 . Later she faced a very painful problem—at the end of the term, there was a game which had something to do with physical education. But Jenny was way behind in it. My husband and I were anxious about the day. I wanted to keep her home. Why let Jenny fail in a gym filled with parents, students and teachers? But my heart wouldn’t let me off that easily. So I pushed a pale, unwilling Jenny onto the school bus. At the kindergarten, I was quite worried because of her slow action. Jenny would probably hold up (阻碍) her team. The game went on well u 3 it was time for the sack (麻袋) race. Surely Jenny would find it difficult. Now each child had to climb into a sack, jump to the finishing line, return and climb out of the sack. I noticed Jenny standing near the end of her line of players. But as it was her turn to join, a c 4 took place in her team. The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist (腰). Two other boys stood ahead of her. The moment the player before Jenny stepped out from the sack, those two boys picked up the sack quickly and held it o 5 while the tall boy lifted Jenny and dropped her into it. A girl in front of Jenny took her hand and supported her, making sure Jenny gained her balance. Then she jumped f 6 , smiling and proud. In the cheers of teachers, schoolmates and parents, I silently thanked Heaven for the warm, understanding people in life who make it p 7 for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings. Then I finally cried. PASSAGE 2 （2024·上海崇明·二模） As you probably know, the town council (议会) has got £1 million to spend in improving the town’s facilities for young people and we’re looking for great ideas on how to spend the money well. Post your ideas in the forum (论坛)  below and let us know how we can make life better for you. Here are some ideas. There’s nothing for teenagers to do in this town, especially at night. Can we use the money to build a youth club? Somewhere with a pool table and a table tennis table, perhaps. We need somewhere to play happily and hang out safely in the evenings. —Daisy, 15 I think the best use for the money is to build a playground in the town park. It should have lots of rides for the young kids. I’d like to have a skateboard park for a start and maybe if there is enough money, we can have a climbing wall, too. —Luke, 13 As I’m only 14, I can’t drive, so I go everywhere on my bike. But the roads are dangerous and many motorists drive too fast. How about spending the money in building more cycle lanes? We could also put in more speed cameras and zebra crossings, too. This will make life safer for all our citizens, not just the young people. —Liz, 14 How about a big billboard at the entrance to the town that reads, “TEEN WARNING—there’s nothing to do here!” —Sadie, 16 This probably sounds like a boring idea, but can’t we use some of the money to buy more litter bins? I feel ashamed of our town when I see much litter on the ground. We need to tidy up our town quickly! —Jack, 15 Our high street is full of empty shops because everyone just shops at the new shopping centre outside of town or online. Why don’t we use the money to turn some of these empty shops into an arts centre? It can have studios where we can draw and paint or learn how to make films. We can also have a music studio where local bands can record music cheaply. —Alex, 17 8．How much money has the town council got? 9．What do Daisy and Sadie think of the town? 10．What does Luke want to have most in his idea? 11．In Liz’s opinion, what should the money be spent in? 12．Whose idea do you like best if you are an art lover? 13．Why does the writer choose the six ideas which are all from the teenagers? Give TWO reasons. 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 habit ['hæbɪt] n. 习惯；习性 2 hall [hɔːl] n. 大堂；会堂；礼堂 3 hamburger ['hæmb ɜ ː ɡ ə(r)] n. 汉堡包 4 handsome ['hænsəm] a. 英俊的 5 handwriting ['hændraɪtɪŋ] n. 书法 6 hang(hung, hung) [hæŋ] v. 悬挂；吊着；把……吊起 7 happen ['hæpən] vi. (偶然)发生 8 happily ['hæpɪli] adv. 幸福地；快乐地，高兴地 9 happiness ['hæpinəs] n. 幸福、快乐 10 hardly ['hɑːdli] ad. 几乎不 11 hate [heɪt] vt & n.. 恨，讨厌 12 headache ['hedeɪk] n． 头痛 13 headline ['hedlaɪn] n． （报刊的）大字标题 14 headmaster [hed'm ɑ ː st ə(r)] n． （英）中小学校长 15 healthy ['helθi] a. 健康的；健壮的 16 hear(heard, hread) [hɪə(r)] v. 听见；听说，得知 17 heaven ['hevn] n. 天；天空 18 heavily ['hevɪli] adv． 沉重地；大量地 19 height [haɪt] n. 高；高度；海拔 20 helpless ['helpləs] adj. 无助的；没有帮助的 21 hesitate ['hezɪteɪt] v． 犹豫，踌躇 22 hide(hid, hidden) [haɪd] v. 把……藏起来；隐藏 23 historical [hɪ'stɒrɪkl] adj． 历史的，历史上 24 homeless ['həʊmləs] adj． 无家可归的 25 honesty ['ɒnəsti] n． 诚实 26 horrible ['hɒrəbl] adj. 令人恐惧的；恐怖的 27 hurt(hurt, hurt) [hɜːt] vt. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情 28 hungry ['hʌŋɡri] a. (饥)饿的 29 hurry ['hʌri] vi. 赶快，急忙 ◆30 humourous ['hjuːmərəs] a. 幽默的 想一想 写一写 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Joan's suggestion was really ______ for me to make a right decision. (help) 2. The gentleman lost temper for the first time and shut the door ______ when he left. (heavy) 3. The TV play is based on Chinese ______ in the 1940s. (historical) 4. This story tells us that sometimes money doesn't bring ______ to us. (happy) 5. Mr. Lian Zhan visited Nanjing, Beijing, Xi’an and Shanghai ______ after sixty years’ absence. (happy) 6. My deskmate looked ______ because he failed in the English test. (happy) 7. My daughter doesn’t take enough exercise but eats a lot, so she looks ______. (health) 8. Two women doctors will give us a lecture on ______ diet tomorrow. (health) 9. Where there is life, there is ______. (hopeful) 10. The ______ of Jin Mao Building is 340 meters. (high) 11. It’s only a story in a popular film, not a ______ event. (history) 12. No one believed that the ______ child would become a famous writer. (home) 13. The fireman sent the sick children to the hospital ______. (hurry) 14. If you smoke, it's ______ not only to yourself but also to the persons around you. (harm) 15. After Tom heard the story, he decided to______ the poor boy. (helpful) 词组默写 141.上学 142.入睡 143.去看电影 144.出错 145.成年;长大 146.最好还是;还是……好 147.上交 148.碰巧做 149.发生到某人身上 150.上课 151.玩得很愉快;过得很偷快 152.吃早餐 153.不清楚 154.怜悯某人 155.进行体育活动 156.不得不 157.收到……来信 158.听说 159.帮助某人做某事 160.到处 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$