语境28 自然生态(一) 国家地理概况-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

主题三　人与自然 语境28　自然生态(一)　国家地理概况 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.border n.边界；国界；边沿 vt.& vi.与……接壤；接近 2.broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的 3.confirm vt.证实；证明；批准 4.continent n.洲；大陆 5.countryside n.乡下；农村 6.distance n.距离；远方 distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远亲的 7.divide vt.分，划分 division n.(算术用语)除；分开 8.downtown adj.市区的 adv.在市区；往市区 9.forest n.森林 10.geographical adj.地理的 geography n.地理 11.hilly adj.丘陵的；多小山的 12.jungle n.丛林；密林 13.locate vt.位于；(生义)查找……的地点 location n.位置；地方 14.mainland n.大陆 15.measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量 n.计量制；计量单位；措施 16.mineral n.矿物质 17.museum n.博物馆；博物院 18.ocean n.海洋；大海 19.position n.位置；地位 20.possess vt.占有；拥有 possession n.所有，拥有；财产，所有物 21.remote adj.偏远的 22.surround vt.包围；围绕 surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物；环境 23.tradition n.传统；风俗 traditional adj.传统的 traditionally adv.传统地 24.wealth n.财富 wealthy adj.富有的 话题词块 1.as far as 远到…… 2.at the beginning of 在……的初期 3.all over 遍及 4.be surrounded by/with 为……所包围；环绕 5.cover an area of 面积有…… 6.be rich/abundant in 盛产…… 7.be well known for/as 因为/作为……而出名 8.far away from 远离 9.in the distance 在远方 10.with a total area of 总面积有…… 11.neighboring countries 邻国 12.take on a new look 呈现新面貌 13.a fantastic place 一个极好的地方 14.in the center of...在……的中间/中心 话题句式 1.The West Lake，with green hills on three sides and many beautiful parks around，attracts a large number of visitors at home and abroad. 西湖，三面环山，周围有很多美丽的公园，吸引着大量的国内外游客。 2.Located in the south of China，Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country. 广州位于中国的南部，被认为是我国最现代化的城市之一。 3.Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，making it a happy home for us. 大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.confirm vt.证实；证明；批准 ①They worked out an effective method，which____________ (confirm) by the leadership. ②最近的空难坚定了我的信念，那就是更需要安全规则。 The recent airplane crash_____________________ that stronger safety regulations are needed. ③已经确认我们将要爬山，并在那里野餐。 ____________________ we will go to climb a mountain，where we can have a picnic. 2.measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量n.计量制；计量单位；措施 ①Some villagers reported a huge snake，__________(measure) over two metres long， was found dead in a nearby cave. ②Much to my sadness， I have to wear the coats made____________________ (按我自己的尺寸) because I'm getting fatter nowadays.Although I know beauty shouldn't_____________________________ (以……来衡量) a good shape，it's time for me to________________________________ (采取措施减肥). 3.surround vt.包围；围绕 ①The__________(surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city. ②Surrounding yourself__________people who'll provide you with support can be very beneficial. ③这只饥饿的熊一路嗅着来到我们的营地，营地周围有高高的铁丝网。 The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，________________________. Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.The physical benefits of exercise can_____________(divide) into three factors. 2.Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful_____________(surround). 3.The_____________(possess) of a passport is essential for foreign travel. 4.The beach is within walking__________(distant) of my house. 5.The village was used as the__________(locate) for a popular TV series. 6.It's__________(tradition) in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. 7.In those days， only quite_____________(wealth) families had baths of their own. 8.Although she is rich__________knowledge， she is lacking in practical experience. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.正如我们所喜欢的，这里风景优美，空气新鲜，吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。 As we can enjoy， the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh，__________________________________________. 2.故宫位于中国北京的中心，吸引了大量的国内外游客。 _____________________________， the Forbidden City appeals to a large number of visitors from home and abroad. 3.这个小城市因为发展迅速已呈现出一派新气象。 The small city_____________________________because of its explosive development. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Rising sea level threatens the coastal areas of some cities around the world.Now the risk is compounded by an accelerating danger： Most of those cities are also sinking.That means flooding and other disasters sharpened by future sea level rise could hit these urban centers far sooner than expected. Using satellite data to measure subsidence(沉降) rates of 99 coastal cities， the researchers found that many of those cities are sinking faster than sea level is rising.Coastal subsidence is happening globally， but the worst is in Asia where rapid urbanization increases the demand for groundwater.A study shows that in Jakarta， the Indonesian capital， land subsided nearly 15 times as fast as global mean sea level rises between 2015 and 2020， which makes it one of the fastest sinking cities on Earth. Some of the sinking is tied to natural processes， but it's greatly accelerated by human activity.The research found that the main driver of the accelerated subsidence is likely the overuse of groundwater as booming city populations put more pressure on underground aquifers (地下含水层) for washing， cooking and bathing.Oil and gas production and new construction also contribute to the problem. In addition to Jakarta， some other coastal cities in Asia are all rapidly subsiding， putting large numbers of people at risk of increased flooding and related impacts.Some cities have taken beneficial steps to prevent subsidence.Officials in Shanghai also took measures to improve groundwater management and stress the role regulation can play in addressing the problem of land subsidence that human activity is to blame for. To make measures work well， the officials must account for the role subsidence plays， or they may be all in vain.Plans to build a large sea wall around Jakarta to protect it from sea level rise have only been partially achieved and have become more difficult due to rapidly accelerating impacts of climate change， such as more severe storms.Some places of Jakarta are still sinking by several millimeters a year. 1.What does the underlined word “compounded” mean in Paragraph 1？ A.Covered. B.Brought. C.Increased. D.Shared. 2.Why do some Asian coastal cities suffer most from subsidence？ A.The inner motion of the plate is active there. B.Climate change leads to the sea level rise. C.Human activity overloads the ecosystem there. D.City development consumes much groundwater. 3.How does the author find Jakarta's measures to fight subsidence？ A.Reasonable. B.Ineffective. C.Uncreative. D.Necessary. 4.What is the best title for the text？ A.Coastal Cities Are Sinking as Aea Level Rises B.Coastal Cities Are Using up Their Underwater C.Large Coastal Cities Sink Faster than Other Cities D.Groundwater Pumping Is to Blame for Land Subsidence B (2024·豫北名校高三联考)By now it's almost common knowledge that spending time in nature is good for you.Areas with more trees tend to be less polluted，so spending time there allows you to breathe easily.Spending time outdoors has been linked with reduced blood pressure and stress and seems to motivate people to exercise more. “So it'll come as no surprise that there's research showing that spending time in nature is good.There are dozens of papers showing that，”University of Exeter Medical School researcher Mathew P.White said.“We get this idea — patients are coming to us and they are asking，‘Doctor，how long should I spend？’And the doctor is saying，‘I don't really know.’” So White and his team decided to find out by using data collected from nearly 20，000 people in England through the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey.And their answer is two hours a week.People who spent at least that much time in nature either all at once or totaled over several shorter visits were more likely to report good health and psychological well­being than those with no nature exposure. Remarkably the two­hour standard applied to men and women，to older and younger folks， to people from different ethnic backgrounds，occupational groups，socioeconomic levels，and so on.Even people with long­term illnesses or disabilities benefited from time spent in nature — as long as it was at least 120 minutes per week. While the findings are based on a vast number of people， White cautions that it's really just a correlation.Nobody knows why or how nature has this benefit，or whether the findings will stand up to a more strict investigation. “I want to be really clear about this.This is in very early stages.We're not saying everybody has to spend 120 minutes.This is really to start the conversation，saying， what would a threshold look like？ What research do we need to take this to the next step before doctors can have the true confidence to work with their patients？But it's certainly a starting point.” 5.What does White want to figure out in the survey？ A.The benefits of being outside. B.How long we should stay in nature. C.The significance of outdoor activities. D.Whether the British spend enough time in nature. 6.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？ A.The two­hour standard applies to everyone. B.The reason why nature is beneficial is clear. C.Further study is needed to confirm White's result. D.The findings of White's survey have been widely used. 7.What does the underlined word “threshold” in the last paragraph mean？ A.Strict investigation. B.Following step. C.Healthy lifestyle. D.Starting point. 8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A.Nature and Health B.Two­hour Staying in Nature C.Tips to Improve Health D.The Starting Point Ⅱ.完形填空 When I was a child， my family went to the beach often.However， we ____1____ played in the sand or swam in the ocean.Nature was to be ____2____ far away， with the car windscreen in between.We would wave to the sea from our ____3____，watch the sunset and drive home.My parents were ____4____ in crowded and polluted cities.Their upbringing made them think maybe it was ____5____ for kids to stay inside.Without knowing it I was ____6____by their attitudes. It was my own children who led me to another ____7____.They liked observing earthworms and jumping in mud； their such ____8____ about the natural world allowed me to see it in a ____9____ way.On beach trips， I found myself ____10____ to dig into the sand with them and ____11____ its cool graininess(颗粒感) as they buried me in it. Last summer， my love for ____12____ led to us buying a house in a farming town near a mountain.It's something I wouldn't have ____13____ as a city girl.I've found a deeper connection to nature and I'm grateful for it.There are miles of tracks around us that I ____14____ every day.I walk through snow， mud and rain，____15____my boots—which I bring straight into the house. 1.A.still　 B.never C.always D.sometimes 2.A.transformed B.evaluated C.appreciated D.greeted 3.A.vehicle B.tent C.involved D.hotel 4.A.hired B.raised C.involved D.trapped 5.A.warmer B.happier C.funnier D.safer 6.A.influenced B.confused C.bothered D.reminded 7.A.career B.future C.finding D.path 8.A.concern B.doubt C.curiosity D.knowledge 9.A.systematic B.standard C.general D.different 10.A.hesitant B.astonished C.anxious D.disappointed 11.A.shared B.enjoyed C.interpreted D.showed 12.A.shore B.sand C.farming D.nature 13.A.achieved B.imagined C.supported D.acknowledged 14.A.explore B.notice C.measure D.preserve 15.A.washing B.cooling C.dirtying D.polishing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 主题三　人与自然 语境28　自然生态(一)　国家地理概况 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①was confirmed　②confirms my belief　③It has been confirmed that 2.①measuring　②to my own measure　be measured by　take measures to lose weight 3.①surrounding　②with　③surrounded by a high wire fence Ⅱ. 1.be divided　2.surroundings　3.possession 4.distance　5.location　6.traditional　7.wealthy 8.in Ⅲ. 1.attracting a number of tourists from all over the world　2.Located in the center of Beijing， China 3.has taken on a new look 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于新的风险的出现，大多数沿海城市出现下沉现象。 1.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Rising sea level threatens the coastal areas of some cities around the world.”可知，海平面上升威胁着世界上一些沿海城市。再结合下文的“Most of those cities are also sinking.That means flooding and other disasters sharpened by future sea level rise could hit these urban centers far sooner than expected.” 可知，这些城市中的大多数也在下沉，这意味着未来因海平面上升而加剧的洪水和其他灾害可能会比预期更快地袭击这些城市中心。由此可推知，这些城市的下沉加剧了它们面临的风险。increase“(使)增长，增多，增加”与画线词意思相近。 2.D　细节理解题。根据题干中的“Asian”可将解题信息定位至第二段。根据第二段中的“Coastal subsidence is ...rapid urbanization increases the demand for groundwater.”可知，沿海区域下沉正在全球范围内发生，但最严重的发生在亚洲，那里快速的城市化进程使对地下水的需求增加。 3.B　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Plans to build a large sea wall around Jakarta to protect it from sea level rise have only been partially achieved...Jakarta are still sinking by several millimeters a year.”可知，在雅加达周围建造一个巨大的海堤以保护雅加达不受海平面上升的影响的计划只完成了部分，而且由于气候变化造成的影响迅速加剧，比如更严重的风暴，完成这一计划变得更加困难。雅加达的一些地方仍在以每年数毫米的速度下沉。由此可推知，作者认为雅加达对抗下沉的措施效果不佳。 4.A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，海平面上升威胁着世界上的一些沿海城市。现在，这些城市还面临着另一种危险：它们正在下沉。有些下沉与自然过程有关，但人类活动大大加速了城市的下沉。研究发现，加速下沉的主要驱动因素可能是地下更大的压力，同时，石油和天然气的生产和新的建议也加速了城市的下沉，这将会使许多人面临洪水增加等危险。故A项能概括本文的内容，适合作文章标题。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益于身心健康。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，研究想要弄明白的问题是，我们应在大自然中待多久。故选B项。 6.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的中心内容可知，White认为这一研究虽然涉及很多人，但其结果只表明了相关性，结果是否能够经得起验证还没人知道。结合最后一段中的“I want to...very early stages.”可知，White的研究结论需要进一步证实。故选C项。 7.D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文可知，研究还处于早期阶段。根据后文中的“the next step”和“it's certainly a starting point”可知，画线部分意思为“起步阶段”。选项D符合题意。 8.B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第三段中的“And their answer is two hours a week.People who...with no nature exposure.”可知，文章主要讲述的是：一项研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益于身心健康，故本文的最佳标题为“在大自然中待两个小时”。故选B项。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者小的时候总是远距离欣赏大自然的美，后来在孩子们的影响下她的态度逐渐发生了改变，开始近距离拥抱大自然。 1.B　根据上文中的“went to the beach often”和转折词“However”可知，作者小时候家人常去海边，但是他们从不玩沙子，也不在海里游泳。 2.C　根据下文中的“far away， with the car windscreen in between”可知，作者一家人认为大自然应该是从远处来欣赏的。 3.A　根据下文中的“crowded and polluted cities”可知，作者一家人坐在车里向大海挥手、欣赏日落，然后驱车回家。 4.B　根据语境可知，作者的父亲在拥挤且受污染的城市里长大。 5.D　根据上文中的“crowded and polluted cities”可知，此处表示在拥挤且受污染的城市里长大的经历让他们认为，孩子待在里面可能会更安全。 6.A　根据空前的“Without knowing it ”和上文提到的一家人一起去海边却都不下车拥抱大自然可知，作者父母的态度潜移默化地影响了她，使她也不愿意与大自然亲密接触。 7.D　根据下文讲述的作者的改变可知，此处表示作者的孩子带她走上了另一条路。此处path指和大自然亲密接触之路。 8.C　根据上文中的“They liked observing earthworms and jumping in mud”可知，作者的孩子们对大自然感到好奇。 9.D　根据本段首句和下文内容可知，孩子们对大自然的好奇心使得作者看待大自然的方式变得不同了。 10.C　根据下文中的“my love”可知，作者现在渴望跟孩子们一起挖沙子，当孩子们把她埋在沙子里时，作者喜欢那种凉凉的颗粒感。 11.B　参见上题解析。 12.D　根据下文中的“buying a house in a farming town near a mountain”及“connection to nature”可知，作者因热爱大自然而在大山附近的小镇买了房子。nature在此是原词复现。 13.B　根据文章开头提到的小时候作者一家人去海边也不玩沙子等信息及下文中的“as a city girl”可知，在大山附近的农业小镇买房定居是在城市长大的作者从没有想象过的事情。 14.A　根据上文中的“miles of tracks”和下文中的“I walk through”可知，作者每天都去探索周边的小道。 15.C　根据上文中的“snow， mud and rain”可知，作者不再介意亲近大自然后弄脏鞋子，而是直接把脏的鞋子穿回家。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$