语境14 社会与文化(一) 传统文化与风俗-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境14　社会与文化(一)　传统文化与风俗 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.ancestor n.祖先 2.behave v.(举止或行为)表现；举动 3.belief n.信条；信念 4.caution n.谨慎；小心；警告 cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 5.cherish/treasure/value vt.珍惜；珍视 6.civilization n.文明 civilized adj.文明的 7.command n.& v.命令；掌握 8.concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；(利害)关系 9.cultural adj.文化的 10.custom n.习惯；习俗；风俗习惯 11.fascinating/attractive/appealing/inviting adj.有吸引力的 12.influence n.& vt.影响 13.manner n.方式；态度；举止 14.misunderstanding n.误解；误会 15.particular adj.特殊的；个别的 16.polite adj.有礼貌的；有教养的 politely adv.有礼貌地 politeness n.礼貌 17.remind vt.提醒；使记起 18.represent v.代表；象征 19.separate v.使分开；使分离 adj.单独的；分开的 separately adv.单独地；分别地 separation n.分离；隔离 20.shame n.遗憾的事；羞愧 21.symbol n.象征 22.tradition n.传统；风俗 traditional adj.传统的；风俗的 traditionally adv.传统地 23.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的 24.virtue n.美德 话题词块 1.adapt oneself to the new environment 适应新环境 2.cross­cultural communication 跨文化交流 3.experience diverse Chinese culture 体验多元化的中国文化 4.fit in 融入；适应 5.follow a custom 遵循习俗 6.have a better understanding of 对……有更好的理解 7.rich and colorful 丰富多彩 8.spread Chinese culture 传播中国文化 9.respect the local customs 尊重当地风俗 10.know the history of 了解……的历史 11.adapt to one's new life 适应新生活 12.exchange ideas 交换观点 13.have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 14.mind one's own manners 注意个人礼貌 话题句式 1.When it comes to/Speaking of table manners，keep your voice low during the meal. 说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。 2.As for my family rules，we attach great importance to being honest and kind. 至于我的家规，我们非常重视诚实和善良。 3.Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3，000 BC in China，it was not until the mid­17th century in the UK that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”. 虽然在中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是直到17世纪中期英国才出现下午茶的概念。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.command n.& v.命令；掌握 ①Nobody can take command____________ the situation where everything is in a mess. ②I'm__________your command — what would you like me to do？ ③The police commanded the witness________________________ (describe) what had happened the day before. ④我的英语口语很好，和外国人交流不会有任何困难。 I have__________________________________________I will have no trouble communicating with foreigners. 2.remind vt.提醒；使记起 ①Please remind me__________(write) an email to my mother tomorrow， for it's her birthday. ②Passengers____________ (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train. ③This reminds me__________what we did together during our holiday. ④设计精美的卡片和美味的早餐让妈妈想起了这个节日。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) The beautifully­designed card and the tasty breakfast____________________ the big occasion. 3.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的 ①____________ (typical)，he would come in late and then say that he had to go early. ②It is typical of Bob____________(do) a disappearing act just when there's work to be done！ ③His childhood lacked the harmony that was typical__________a happy family. ④这是当地特色菜，但我从来没有吃过。 This meal_____________________local cookery， but I've never tasted it. Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.There is a general_____________(believe) that things will soon get better. 2.The____________ (tradition) breakfast in this area includes bacon and eggs. 3.Be__________(caution) when climbing the mountain. 4.They were photographed_____________(separate) and then as a group. 5.Both boys had good manners，_____________(polite) shaking hands. 6.I'm writing to invite you to join us in the_____________(culture) exchange activity in our community. 7.When you go to a new country， you must adapt yourself to new____________ (manner) and customs. 8.The company has launched several types of cars this year，and one____________ particular appeals to the young. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.谈到婚礼传统，各国之间也存在差异。 ____________________________________， there are also differences between countries. 2.政府应重视使人们意识到学习中国传统文化的重要性。 The government_________________________________________________aware of how important learning Chinese traditional culture is. 3.我相信你能更好地理解中国古代文化和经济，这一定会拓宽你的视野。 I'm convinced you'll________________________ the ancient Chinese culture and economy，which will surely broaden your horizons. 4.众所周知，剪纸是中国的传统艺术形式之一。我相信你会爱上它。 As is known to all，paper­cutting is________________________________，and I'm convinced you will fall in love with it. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·青岛模拟)You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down the river， all standing on a bamboo strip， but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage： bamboo drifting. Over 2，000 years ago， the high­quality wood，nanmu， in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court more than 2，000 kilometers to the north.With no better transportation， people had to stand on one log to drift down the river.Later， local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born.In the Qing Dynasty， wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo's lower price.Due to the skills it takes for one to master this act， bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list this year. Yang Liu， a 24­year­old inheritor of bamboo drifting， learned it at 7.“Usually， the bamboo under your feet is about 9 meters long， and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters.If the length or diameter of the bamboo is not long enough， it will not float.Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key， so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle.I lost my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing.Once I fell， I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part.” she said. The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going.In the past 17 years， she has drifted all year round， in winter cold and summer heat.As hanfu culture has been on the rise， Yang started wearing hanfu while performing， creating a more beautiful feel.In 2020， Yang began to post her videos on social media.“I'm extremely proud to get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.It's my mission to keep it alive and known to more people，” Yang Liu told China Daily. 1.What can be learned from the first two paragraphs？ A.The martial arts movie is a form of cultural heritage. B.Nanmu was delivered to the north by land. C.Bamboo was costly in Guizhou 2，000 years ago. D.Bamboo drifting involves lots of skills. 2.What is the biggest challenge in bamboo drifting？ A.Finding the proper bamboo. B.Holding the bamboo firmly in hands. C.Maintaining a fixed angle. D.Keeping balance. 3.What do the viewers think of bamboo drifting？ A.Unbelievable. B.Impossible. C.Confusing. D.Complicated. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ A.Transporting Bamboo down the River B.Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou C.Balancing with Grace D.Yang Liu： a Creative Performer B (2024·成都市高中毕业班诊断)During the “golden week” national holiday that began on October 1st，hundreds of thousands of sightseers flocked to Lijiang，a picturesque historic town in the south­western province of Yunnan.Among its attractions are the symbols printed beneath the Chinese characters on road signs and shop fronts.They are Dongba pictographs，an ancient form of script (字母系统) that originated among the Naxi，a local ethnic group.It was almost extinct until about a decade ago，when local officials began to realize its value and covered the town with it. Dongba pictographs were never widely used by the Naxi people，of whom there are about 300，000 living in the Himalayan foothills near Lijiang，as well as in Tibet and Sichuan Province.The Dongba pictographs，which evolved as early as the seventh century，are used by local wise men，researchers and artists. There are thousands of records about the Naxi ethnic group.They provide rich insight into how the Naxi people thought about war，geography，astronomy and agriculture.But they are extremely hard to read.Linguists are helped by the area's wise men.There are about 600 wise men，most of whom are very old，including Yang Guoxing，who ran a school from 2010 to 2015 to teach Dongba pictographs to children living in the mountains.When Mr.Yang was growing up，“everyone was too busy farming” to learn them.Now they are all busy soaking up the pop culture，he says. Signs at bus stations in rural Yunnan encourage locals to use written and spoken Chinese.But the Naxi is left behind compared with other ethnic minorities.Primary schools in Lijiang teach the Dongba script twice a week，as well as Naxi nursery rhymes.Li Dejing，head of the Dongba Culture Research Institute，says this is not just about keeping the pictographs alive，but also about letting children grasp “the very spirit of their own culture”.And this will also help tourism to develop in Lijiang. 5.What do we know about the Dongba script？ A.It is widely used by local people. B.It was used by certain people. C.It was quite popular at certain periods. D.It has a history of more than 3，000 years. 6.According to Yang Guoxing，what makes it difficult to spread the Dongba script？ A.Only wise men can read it. B.It's extremely hard to read. C.Its value hasn't been fully recognized. D.People are too busy to learn a new language. 7.What has been done to keep the Dongba script alive？ A.New schools are opened to teach it. B.Some tourists are invited to preserve it. C.Only the Dongba script can be used in schools. D.People are more exposed to this language than before. 8.What is the best title for the text？ A.The Dongba Script Is Dying B.The History of the Dongba Script C.The Dongba Script Survives in Lijiang D.The Influence of the Dongba Script Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us.____1____ But older people have plenty of wisdom and knowledge to share with younger generations，and treating them with respect should be second nature for all of us. Call people sir or ma'am.Even if you've grown up in a more casual environment where you usually call your friends' parents by their first names，you shouldn't assume that all older people are comfortable with that kind of informal title.____2____ They prefer you call them Mr./Mrs.That's why it's always best to ask what name they prefer and use sir or ma'am when you don't feel comfortable asking. ____3____ While it's true that many elderly people have health problems that may require special assistance，aging doesn't affect all people in the same way.Assuming that an older person has poor eyesight or hearing can be extremely embarrassing and make him or her feel self­conscious.That's especially true if you make a big deal out of it，such as raising your voice every time you speak to him or her.If you're unsure whether an older person has such problems，just ask.____4____ Show interest in their lives.It's easy to think that older people don't have much going on because they don't do many of the things that they used to when they were younger.____5____ When you visit or call your elderly loved ones，make sure to ask about their favorite activities.If they have a hobby that they particularly enjoy，you might even offer to do it with them.That's a great way to show them just how interested you are in what's important to them. A.Do offer them necessary help. B.Don't assume they have disabilities. C.However，many elderly people are still active. D.Some elderly people may be more traditional. E.We ourselves will be old some day in the future. F.It's better to be straightforward than to risk annoying someone. G.Growing up differently makes us feel we have nothing in common with them. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·武汉高三考试)At his studio in Beijing，artist Zhang Xiaodong piles hundreds of sheets of thin paper on top of one another until they form a complete image.When there is a slight movement in the air，the pages flow，giving life to the book 1.__________(it).This ancient Chinese art，known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订)，2.__________(stretch) back more than 1，000 years to the Tang dynasty. With few of the books 3.__________(survive)to the present day，the bookbinding technique was 4.__________the risk of disappearing before Zhang decided to research and bring it back to life.After half a year's study，he finally learned 5.__________the ancient bookbinding worked.6.__________(source) materials traditionally used in bookbinding，Zhang also visited old towns and heritage sites.Then came the 7._____________(crucial) and difficult part of the binding process：controlling the placement of each page.In order to create a complete picture，each sheet needs to be placed 8.__________(exact) in the right place.Zhang said that an error of just 9.__________hundredth of a centimeter can produce a huge，visible error when a book's hundreds of pages are displayed together. Zhang's 10.__________(prepare) that went into producing this particular work shows the very modern way that the artist tries to understand the subject matter. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境14　社会与文化(一)　传统文化与风俗 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①of　②at　③to describe/(should) describe ④such a good command of oral English that 2.①to write　②are reminded　③of　④reminded Mother of 3.①Typically　②to do　③of　④is typical of Ⅱ. 1.belief　2.traditional　3.cautious　4.separately 5.politely　6.cultural　7.manners　8.in Ⅲ. 1.When it comes to wedding traditions　2.should attach importance to making people　3.have a better understanding of　4.one of Chinese traditional art forms 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国家非物质文化遗产——竹筏漂流，介绍了这项古老技艺的历史、特点以及人们对竹筏漂流的看法。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Due to the skills...cultural heritage list this year.”可知，竹筏漂流需要很多技巧。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Keeping our feet firmly...constantly changing the angle.”可知，在狭窄的竹竿上站稳脚跟是关键，因此竹筏漂流最大的挑战是保持平衡。 3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I'm extremely proud...and impossible unclear.”可推知，观众认为竹筏漂流不可思议。 4.C　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了国家非物质文化遗产——竹筏漂流，介绍了这项古老技艺的历史、特点以及人们对竹筏漂流的看法，可知，C选项最符合文章标题。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纳西族东巴象形文字的相关内容，如今东巴象形文字受到当地的重视和保护。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dongba pictographs were never widely used by the Naxi people”“are used by local wise men，researchers and artists”可知，东巴象形文字由某些特定的人使用。 6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When Mr.Yang was growing up，‘everyone was too busy farming’...the pop culture，he says.”可知，过去当地人在忙农活，现在都在忙着吸收流行文化。由此可推知，东巴象形文字未被充分重视，这使传播东巴象形文字变得困难。 7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，丽江的小学每周教两次东巴象形文字，还有纳西族童谣。由此可知，为了使东巴象形文字恢复生机，人们比以前更多地接触这门语言。 8.C　标题归纳题。根据第一段尾句可知，东巴象形文字在10年前几乎就要消失了，当地官员意识到了东巴象形文字的价值，并让这种文字覆盖整个镇。结合最后一段为保护东巴象形文字采取的措施可知，C项可作本文标题。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了尊重长辈方面需要注意的一些事项。 1.G　G项所述“成长环境不同让我们觉得自己与他们无任何相似之处”与前句“Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us.”有意义上的递进关系。 2.D　设空前一句中的“informal”与D项中的“traditional”构成反义；设空后一句中的“They”与D项中的“Some elderly people”是同一所指。 3.B　设空处为段落小标题。根据本段的内容介绍，尤其是“poor eyesight or hearing”等关键词可知，B项“不要假设他们身患残疾”符合语境。 4.F　设空处与前一句“If you're unsure whether an older person has such problems，just ask.”之间暗含了因果关系。F项所述“直截了当总好过冒险惹人生气”符合语境。 5.C　设空前一句“It's easy to think that older people don't have much going on because they don't do many of the things that they used to when they were younger.”的大意是：我们常不假思索就认为老年人的生活很单调，因为他们不再像过去一样做那么多事情。这一句与C项“然而，许多老年人依旧很活跃”形成句意上的转折。 Ⅲ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家张晓栋致力于保护古书装订技艺的故事。 1.itself　考查代词。结合语境可知，空处指代的正是“the book”，因此，空处需要用反身代词作同位语，同时也起到了强调的作用，所以空处填itself。 2.stretches　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语。此处描述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；stretch back意为“追溯到”，无被动；主语This ancient Chinese art为单数概念，所以空处填stretches。 3.surviving　考查非谓语动词。此处考查with复合结构，few of the books和survive之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以空处填surviving。 4.at　考查介词。此处考查固定表达at the risk of，所以空处填at。 5.how　考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，再结合句意“经过半年的学习，他终于弄清楚古书装订是怎么操作了”可知，空处填how。 6.To source　考查非谓语动词。分析句中结构可知，本句谓语动词是visited，此处是非谓语。结合句意可知，此处表目的，另外要注意首字母大写，所以空处填To source。 7.most crucial　考查形容词最高级。结合上文中的一些描述可知，古书装订很难，此处程度加深，讲到了最关键和最难的一部分，所以空处填most crucial。 8.exactly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰介词短语in the right place，所以空处应用副词，故填exactly。 9.a/one　考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处表示“百分之一”，表示分数时分子用基数词，分母用序数词，所以空处填a/one。 10.preparation　考查名词。根据空前的“Zhang's”可知，空处需用名词。再根据填空后的“shows”可知，此处应用名词的单数形式，所以空处填preparation。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$