Unit2 School life 第3课时Grammar-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年八年级英语上册同步学与练（牛津译林版）

Unit2 School life 第3课时Grammar 目标导航jing 重点 词汇 1.least adj. 最少的 2. further/farther adv. 较远地 3. furthest/farthest adv. 最远地 重点 词组 1. among the three of us 在我们三个当中 2. come first in the exam 在考试中获得第一名 3. run fast 跑得快 4. any other student 其他任何一个学生 5. the other students 其他的学生们 重点 句型 1. Millie has more tomatoes than Daniel. 　Millie的西红柿比Daniel的多。 2. Millie has less rice than Daniel. 　Millie的大米比Daniel的少。 3. Millie has fewer bananas than Kitty. 　Millie 的香蕉比Kitty的少。 4. Kitty has the most eggs . 　Kitty有最多的鸡蛋。 5. Daniel has the fewest tomatoes . 　Daniel的西红柿最少。 6. Millie has the least juice . 　Millie的果汁最少。 7. She ran faster than Millie. 　她比Millie跑得快。 8. Amy came first in the race. She ran the fastest . 在比赛中Amy获得第一名。她跑得最快。 知识点睛jing 一．more 的用法 Millie has more tomatoes than Daniel.米莉比丹尼尔的西红柿多。 解析：此处 more是 many的比较级，意为“更多的”，其后接可数名词的复数形式。它还是 much的比较级，后接不可数名词。 例：We have more books than you.我们的书比你们的多。 He has more money than I.他的钱比我的多。 【注意】：more作为many的比较级时，与可数名词的复数形式连用，其反义词是fewer；more作为much 的比较级时，与不可数名词连用，其反义词为 less。 二．less的用法 Millie has less rice than Daniel.米莉的米饭比丹尼尔的少。 解析：less是 little 的比较级，意为“更少的”，用来修饰不可数名词。 例：There is less water in this cup. 这个杯子里的水更少。 There will be less pollution in the future.将来会有更少的污染。 【拓展】：fewer 也表示“更少的”，它是 few的比较级，只能修饰可数名词的复数形式。 例：There will be fewer people.将会有更少的人。 Try to make fewer mistakes.尽量少犯错误。 三．least的用法 Millie has the least juice. 米莉的果汁最少。 解析：least adj. 最少的，其反义词是most，意为“最多的”。 例：She did it well with the least money.她用最少的钱把事情办好了。 【拓展】：least adv. 最少；最小。 【固定搭配】：at least意为“至少，起码”，反义词组是 at most，意为“至多”。 例：It will cost at least 10 dollars.它最少要花10美元。 It is three o'clock at most.最多3点钟。 四．fast的用法 She ran fast. 她跑得很快。 解析：fast 此处做副词，意为“快”，它强调速度之快。 例：It often rains and the trees grow fast.经常下雨，那些树木长得很快。 【拓展】：quickly adv. 迅速地。 五．further 的用法 further 更远 解析：further adv.（far的比较级）较远，更远，其最高级形式是furthest，意为“最远”。 例：I was too tired to go further，so I stopped.我太累了走不动了，所以停了下来。 含 further 的相关短语 further study 深造 further help 进一步的帮助 further information 更多的信息 further discussion 进一步的讨论 【拓展】：far的另一种比较级和最高级形式是 farther和 farthest。 【辨析】：farther，further farther：意为“更远”，一般表示距离，用 farther的地方大多数都可用 further代替。 further：意为“进一步，更多”，表示程度，多指抽象意义上的程度，此时不可用farther代替。 六．比较级的形式表示最高级的用法 She draws better than any other student in my class.她比我的班级里其他任何一个学生画得都好。 解析：“比较级 + than + any other +单数可数名词（+ 比较范围）”结构形式上是比较级，实际上表示最高级的含义。需要注意的是：该结构中的名词必须用可数名词的单数，比较范围可以用带有 of或in的短语表示。 例：Tom swims faster than any other boy of the three.=Tom swims fastest of the three boys. 在这三个男孩中，汤姆游得比其他的任何一个人都快。 七．seem 的用法 Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. 当我们阅读有趣的书籍时，时间似乎过得更快。 解析：seem是连系动词，意为“似乎，好像，看起来”，主要搭配有： 1.“seem + to be + adj. /n.” 意为“似乎……”，其中的 to be可省略。 例：He seemed（to be）tired. 他看起来很累。 2.seem to do sth 意为“好像做某事”。 例：The dog seems to want to have a drink.这只狗看上去想喝水。 3.seem like/seem to be 意为“看来，好像”。 例：Li Hua seems like/to be a good football player.李华看起来像一个好的足球运动员。 4.There seems to be. 意为“似乎有……”。 例：There seems to be some mistakes.似乎有些错误。 5.It seems that. 似乎……。 例：It seems that men are more interested in sports.似乎男人对运动更感兴趣。 八．help sb（to）do sth 的用法 In the club，older students help new students learn more about the school.在这个俱乐部里，老生帮助新生更多地了解学校。 解析：help sb（to）do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，help后做宾语补足语的动词不定式带 to 或不带 to均可，与help sb with sth 意思相同。 例：He often helps me(to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.他经常帮助我学英语。 【拓展】： 1.help oneself to sth 随便吃些东西。 例：Help yourselves to some fish，children.孩子们，随便吃些鱼吧。 2.can't help doing... 禁不住做……。 例：She can't help laughing.她禁不住笑了。 九．offer 的用法 He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help.他经常认真地倾听我的问题并给我提供帮助。 解析：offer vt. 主动提出，自愿给予。 例：We would thank it if you could offer us any help.如果您能为我们提供任何帮助的话，我们将不胜感激。 【拓展】：offer vi. 提议，提出；n. 提议。 例：We all have something important to offer.我们都有些重要的东西可以提供。 【辨析】：offer，provide offer：意为“提供，给予”，强调“主动，愿意”，常构成短语 offer sb sth 提供某人某物，offer to do sth 主动提出做某事。 provide：意为“供应，供给”，指有远见，为应付意外或紧急情况等做好充分准备，尤其指生活用品，常构成短语：provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物。 十.hero 的用法 He is my hero. 他是我的偶像。 解析：hero 是可数名词，意为“英雄；偶像”，其复数形式是 heroes。 【拓展】：英语中，hero，tomato，Negro，potato 等的复数形式都是在词尾加-es。 十一．on Friday afternoon 的用法/usual的用法 On Friday afternoon，our school ends earlier than usual.在周五下午，我们学校比平常放学早。 解析：on Friday afternoon意为“在星期五下午”。on在此处是介词，表示时间，用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上或星期、节日等时间名词前。 例：on Monday evening 在星期一晚上 on the afternoon of May 1st 在5月1日的下午 The girl died on a cold winter morning.这个女孩在一个寒冷冬天的早上死了。 解析：usual adj. 意为“平常的，通常的”，常用短语为as usual，意为“像往常一样，照例”。 例：It's usual for him to go to school on foot.他通常步行去上学。 As usual，he got to school last.像往常一样，他最后一个到校。 【拓展】：usual的反义词是 unusual，意为“不寻常的”，其副词形式是 usually，意为“通常地”。 例：Can you see anything unusual in the sky?你能看见天空中异乎寻常的东西吗? 十二．twice a week 的用法 Twice a week，I play baseball after school.放学后，我一周打两次棒球。 解析：twice a week意为“每周两次”，表示频率，对类似的短语或词提问要用 how often。twice为副词，意为“两次”。在英语中，“一次”用once表示，“两次”用twice 表示，从三次开始用“基数词 ＋ times”表示。 例：She goes shopping twice a month.她每月购物两次。 We watch TV four times a week.我们每周看四次电视。 十三．比较级中any other的用法 教材原文 She draws better than any other student in my class.她画得比我们班其他任何一个同学都好。 “any other+可数名词单数”意为“其他任何一个……”,指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或事物,相当于 “the other+可数名词复数”。 Sandy sings better than any other student in her class.=Sandy sings better than the other students in her class.桑迪比她班上的其他任何一个同学唱歌都好。 练一练 根据汉语意思完成句子 在我们班上,埃米唱歌比其他任何一个女孩都好。 Amy sings 　 in our class. better than any other girl/the other girls 十四．farther与further farther, further都是far的比较级,意为“较远,更远”, 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换使用。 如:Simon lives farther/further away from school.西蒙住得离学校更远。 further还有“更多(的);进一步(的)”等含义,此时不能与farther互换使用。如: I may be able to give you some further information about it.关于这件事,也许我可以给你提供更多的信息。 The problem must be further discussed next time.这个问题下一次一定要进一步讨论。 练一练 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 It is said that Jack will come to China for 　　     (far)study. further 十五．比较数量的多少 1.两者之间数量的比较要用比较级,常用以下句型 (1)more...than...  ……比……多 其中more是many和much的比较级,所以其后既 可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词 Julie studies more subjects than Millie.朱莉学的科目比米莉学的多。 She has more free time than you.她的空闲时间比你多。 (2)fewer...than...  ……比……少 其中fewer是few的比较级,所以其后只能接可数 名词的复数形式 There are fewer members in this club than in that one.这个俱乐部的成员比那个俱乐部的少。 I have fewer friends than you.我的朋友比你的少。 (3)less...than… ……比……少 其中less是little的比较级,所以其后只能接不可数 名词 Cindy spends less money on clothes than Jane.辛迪在衣服上花的钱比简少。 I eat less food than you.我比你吃得少。 练一练 —Can you give me some advice(建议) on how to be slimmer? —Eat 　　　    meat and 　　　    cakes. A.less;less　　　 　 B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer　　　　 D.fewer;less C less意为“较少”,修饰不可数名词meat;fewer意为“较少”,修饰可数名词cakes。 2.三者或三者以上数量的比较要用最高级,常用以下句型 (1)the most...最多的…… the most后接可数名词复数或不可数名词 Bob got the most points in our class.在我们班上,鲍勃得分最多。 Who gets the most money in the world?世界上谁拥有的钱最多? (2)the fewest...最少的…… the fewest后接可数名词复数 Zhao Ming ate the fewest eggs this morning.今天早上赵明吃的鸡蛋最少。 (3)the least...最少的…… the least后接不可数名词 Andy drank the least orange juice of us three.在我们三个人中,安迪喝的橙汁最少。 练一练 —Who got 　     red packets of the three brothers in your family during the Spring Festival last year? —Wang Wei. That made him very unhappy. A.the most　　　　 B.the least C.the fewest　　　　 D.fewer C 根据of the three 可知用最高级;packets 为可数名词复数,只能用the most和the fewest修饰;根据下句的unhappy可知是“最少”。故选C。 副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词比较等级的构成 一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化 1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest 以e结尾的，直接加-r或-st nice nicer nicest 以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词/多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 二、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 He worked as well as a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。 2．比较级常见的结构 (1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 (4)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 My parents wanted me to have the best possible education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。 4.farther和further far的比较级 含义及用法 例句 farther 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换 A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。 further further还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用 We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。 5.older和elder (1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如: Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。 He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。 He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 (2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如: He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。 练一练 1.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　C　考查比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，much better意思是“好得多”，故选C。 2.—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 答案　B　考查形容词最高级的用法。根据上文内容可知，此处是对决赛的肯定评价，因此排除A、D两项。根据“...I have ever seen”可知要用形容词最高级，故选B。 3.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 答案　A　考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说，你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的，但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知，此空应填比较级，故排除B、D两项。由语境可知，此处应该是比去年重，故选A。 4.Which colour do you like 　　　， purple， orange or pink?  A.well　　　　 B.good C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　D　考查副词最高级的用法。根据空格后“purple， orange or pink”可知，此处问的是这三种颜色中，你最喜欢哪个?由此可知，此处应使用最高级形式。故选D。 分层练习 【基础练习】 一.根据句意及所给提示完成单词 1.The 　　　(努力) you work, the more progress you’ll make.  2.She has 　　　(更多) money than I, but 　　　(更少) friends than I.  3.Sandy is very thin and weak. She eats the 　　　 (最少的) food in our class.  4.Would you please drive　　　(moving more quickly)? My plane is leaving.  5.I spent 　　　(更少) time playing football than usual today.  1.harder　2.more;fewer　3.least　4.faster　5.less 二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.My cousin will go to university for　　　(far)study.  2.The more you read, the 　　　(fast) you will be.  3.You will get lost more 　　　(easy) in a big city like Shanghai if you come here for the first time.   4.Bob drinks 　　　(little)juice than Jim and me. He drinks 　　　(little) juice.  5.The next morning he got up 　　　 (early) than before to practise football.  1.further　2.faster　3.easily　4.less;the least 5.earlier 三.单项选择 1.—Our final examination is coming and we are so busy. —I agree. We have more exercises to do and 　　　 time to rest now.  A.more　　　　 B.fewer　　　　 C.less 2.A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much 　　　 than the one with 4G.  A.fast　　　　 B.faster　　　　 C.fastest 3.I can’t keep up with him—he runs 　　　 than me.  A.much faster　　 　　 B.even worse C.less carefully　　　　 D.more carefully 4.Mike lives 　　　 from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school. A.far　　 　　 B.farther  C.further　　　　 D.the farthest 5.During the exam, 　　　 you are, 　　　 mistakes you’ll make.  A.the more careful;the less B.the more careful;the fewer C.the more careless;the less D.the more careless;the fewer 1.C　根据句意做更多的习题可知休息的时间更少了,排除A;time是不可数名词,用little的比较级less修饰。故选C。 2.B　句意:5G手机发送视频比4G手机更快。通过than判断本句应该用比较级。故选B。 3.A　根据前句“我跟不上他”可推知,他跑得比我快。故选A。 4.D　由of all the students可知本句应该用最高级,far的最高级形式为farthest。故选D。 5.B　句意:在考试期间,你越细心,你犯的错误就会越少。careful的比较级形式为more careful;mistake是可数名词,应该用fewer修饰;“the +比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。故选B。 四．用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Simon has 　　　　(little) money than Millie.  2.Do you have a 　　　　(week) test in English at school?  3.In a 　　　(mix) school, boys and girls have lessons together.  4.In today’s class I learned some differences between 　　　 (Britain) English and American English.  5.Mrs King can speak English and 　　　(France) very well, and she can also speak a little Chinese.  1.less　2.weekly　3.mixed　4.British　5.French 五．用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 work hard; learn about; every time; at the end of; than usual 1.　　　 this month, we will go on a class trip to Beijing.  2.The young man got up earlier 　　　 this morning.  3.Helen loves dancing and she practises very hard 　　　.  4.If you want 　　　 their lives long long ago, you must read more history books.  5.Don’t you think Lin Tao 　　　 than before?  1.At the end of　2.than usual　3.every time　4.to learn about　5.work harder 六.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.西蒙在家庭作业上花费的时间比我少。 Simon spends 　　　 time on homework 　　　 me.  2.在去年的阅读周期间,我读的书最多。 I read 　　　　　　　 books during last year’s Reading Week.  3.我开车比吉姆小心多了。I drive 　　　　　　　　 Jim.  4.在所有学生中,他总是到校最早。He always gets to school 　　 　　　　.  5.她画得比我班里其他任何一位学生都好。 She draws 　　　　　　 in my class. 1.less;than　2.the most　3.much more carefully than　4.(the)earliest of all the students 5.better than any other student/the other students 【能力拓展】 一.根据短文内容回答问题 I am Canadian. I started learning French when I was 10 years old. But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom. All of that changed, however, during my last summer of high school. As a 17-year-old girl, I flew across the country by myself for the first time! I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French-speaking host family, who didn’t speak any English. And I would learn French at a local school. On the first day of school, all of us students were given a test to determine(测定)our language level. We were required to speak only French all summer. I made every effort to communicate in a second language by making new friends, seeing movies and even ordering food from restaurants in French. Though I couldn’t understand most of it at the very beginning, the whole experience was exciting and refreshing. On weekends, my classmates and I took trips to different places around the province. On one trip, we went whale watching on the St. Lawrence River. Even though it was raining, we could see huge whales swimming around our boat. The most memorable part of our trip was a visit to historic Quebec City. I walked along the stone streets, took pictures of the European-style(欧式的)buildings, and learned some stories there. Finally my efforts paid off! At the end of the summer, I was able to communicate pretty well. I couldn’t wait to go back to school and talk with my French teacher. Being fully immersed(沉浸)in a French-speaking environment was a valuable learning experience. And it could be the main reason for my improvement in French. 1.When did the writer fly alone for the first time?   2.How did the local school determine the students’ language level?   3.Did the writer enjoy the experience of communicating in French?   4.What did the writer think of the visit to historic Quebec City?   5.What could be the main reason for the writer’s improvement in French?   1.At the age of 17.　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a 17-year-old girl, I flew across the country by myself for the first time!”可知答案。 2.By giving them a test.　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,在开学的第一天,所有的学生都接受了一项测试,以确定(测定)他们的语言水平。 3.Yes.　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the whole experience was exciting and refreshing”可知这段经历让作者很享受。 4.It was the most memorable part of the trip.　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The most memorable part of our trip was a visit to historic Quebec City.”可知,作者认为参观历史悠久的魁北克市是旅行中最难忘的部分。 5.Being fully immersed in a French-speaking environment. 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,完全沉浸在法语环境中是作者法语进步的主要原因。 二.根据首字母提示完成单词,使短文完整、正确 My name is Daniel. I am in Grade 8 at Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. It is a m　1　 school.  I like Maths and computer lessons. These subjects are d　2　 but very important. I a　3　 study Art, Chinese, English, Geography, Science and History. I study more subjects and have l　4　 free time than my British friend John. My American friend Nancy joins fewer clubs and has more free time than I do. Nancy studies the f　5　 subjects.  My school is l　6　　 John’s school. We w　7　 school uniforms and do morning exercises.  Nancy is in 9th grade. My school is d　8　 from her school. Nancy can have driving lessons at school. She plays softball a　9　 school. She goes to a “Buddy Club” every Saturday. There, older students talk to n　10　 students about school life.  1.mixed　句意:它是一所混合学校。mixed school意为“混合学校”。 2.difficult　句意:这些科目虽然很难,但很重要。difficult意为“困难的”,符合句意。 3.also　句意:我也学习美术、语文、英语、地理、科学和历史。also意为“也”,符合句意。 4.less　句意:与我的英国朋友约翰相比,我学习的科目更多,空闲时间更少。用less(更少)修饰不可数名词time。 5.fewest　句意:南希学习的科目最少。用fewest(最少的) 修饰可数名词复数subjects。 6.like　句意:我的学校和约翰的学校很像。like用作介词时,意为“像”。 7.wear　句意:我们穿校服,做早操。wear意为“穿”,符合句意。 8.different　句意:我的学校与南希的学校不同。短语be different from... 意为“与……不同”。 9.after　句意:她放学后打垒球。after school意为“放学后”。 10.new　句意:在那儿,高年级学生和新生谈论学校生活。new students意为“新生”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit2 School life 第3课时Grammar 目标导航jing 重点 词汇 1. adj. 最少的 2. adv. 较远地 3. adv. 最远地 重点 词组 1. 在我们三个当中 2. 在考试中获得第一名 3. 跑得快 4. 其他任何一个学生 5. 其他的学生们 重点 句型 1. Millie has Daniel. 　Millie的西红柿比Daniel的多。 2. Millie has Daniel. 　Millie的大米比Daniel的少。 3. Millie has Kitty. 　Millie 的香蕉比Kitty的少。 4. Kitty has . 　Kitty有最多的鸡蛋。 5. Daniel has . 　Daniel的西红柿最少。 6. Millie has . 　Millie的果汁最少。 7. She Millie. 　她比Millie跑得快。 8. Amy in the race. She . 在比赛中Amy获得第一名。她跑得最快。 知识点睛jing 一．more 的用法 Millie has more tomatoes than Daniel.米莉比丹尼尔的西红柿多。 解析：此处 more是 many的比较级，意为“更多的”，其后接可数名词的复数形式。它还是 much的比较级，后接不可数名词。 例：We have more books than you.我们的书比你们的多。 He has more money than I.他的钱比我的多。 【注意】：more作为many的比较级时，与可数名词的复数形式连用，其反义词是fewer；more作为much 的比较级时，与不可数名词连用，其反义词为 less。 二．less的用法 Millie has less rice than Daniel.米莉的米饭比丹尼尔的少。 解析：less是 little 的比较级，意为“更少的”，用来修饰不可数名词。 例：There is less water in this cup. 这个杯子里的水更少。 There will be less pollution in the future.将来会有更少的污染。 【拓展】：fewer 也表示“更少的”，它是 few的比较级，只能修饰可数名词的复数形式。 例：There will be fewer people.将会有更少的人。 Try to make fewer mistakes.尽量少犯错误。 三．least的用法 Millie has the least juice. 米莉的果汁最少。 解析：least adj. 最少的，其反义词是most，意为“最多的”。 例：She did it well with the least money.她用最少的钱把事情办好了。 【拓展】：least adv. 最少；最小。 【固定搭配】：at least意为“至少，起码”，反义词组是 at most，意为“至多”。 例：It will cost at least 10 dollars.它最少要花10美元。 It is three o'clock at most.最多3点钟。 四．fast的用法 She ran fast. 她跑得很快。 解析：fast 此处做副词，意为“快”，它强调速度之快。 例：It often rains and the trees grow fast.经常下雨，那些树木长得很快。 【拓展】：quickly adv. 迅速地。 五．further 的用法 further 更远 解析：further adv.（far的比较级）较远，更远，其最高级形式是furthest，意为“最远”。 例：I was too tired to go further，so I stopped.我太累了走不动了，所以停了下来。 含 further 的相关短语 further study 深造 further help 进一步的帮助 further information 更多的信息 further discussion 进一步的讨论 【拓展】：far的另一种比较级和最高级形式是 farther和 farthest。 【辨析】：farther，further farther：意为“更远”，一般表示距离，用 farther的地方大多数都可用 further代替。 further：意为“进一步，更多”，表示程度，多指抽象意义上的程度，此时不可用farther代替。 六．比较级的形式表示最高级的用法 She draws better than any other student in my class.她比我的班级里其他任何一个学生画得都好。 解析：“比较级 + than + any other +单数可数名词（+ 比较范围）”结构形式上是比较级，实际上表示最高级的含义。需要注意的是：该结构中的名词必须用可数名词的单数，比较范围可以用带有 of或in的短语表示。 例：Tom swims faster than any other boy of the three.=Tom swims fastest of the three boys. 在这三个男孩中，汤姆游得比其他的任何一个人都快。 七．seem 的用法 Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. 当我们阅读有趣的书籍时，时间似乎过得更快。 解析：seem是连系动词，意为“似乎，好像，看起来”，主要搭配有： 1.“seem + to be + adj. /n.” 意为“似乎……”，其中的 to be可省略。 例：He seemed（to be）tired. 他看起来很累。 2.seem to do sth 意为“好像做某事”。 例：The dog seems to want to have a drink.这只狗看上去想喝水。 3.seem like/seem to be 意为“看来，好像”。 例：Li Hua seems like/to be a good football player.李华看起来像一个好的足球运动员。 4.There seems to be. 意为“似乎有……”。 例：There seems to be some mistakes.似乎有些错误。 5.It seems that. 似乎……。 例：It seems that men are more interested in sports.似乎男人对运动更感兴趣。 八．help sb（to）do sth 的用法 In the club，older students help new students learn more about the school.在这个俱乐部里，老生帮助新生更多地了解学校。 解析：help sb（to）do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，help后做宾语补足语的动词不定式带 to 或不带 to均可，与help sb with sth 意思相同。 例：He often helps me(to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.他经常帮助我学英语。 【拓展】： 1.help oneself to sth 随便吃些东西。 例：Help yourselves to some fish，children.孩子们，随便吃些鱼吧。 2.can't help doing... 禁不住做……。 例：She can't help laughing.她禁不住笑了。 九．offer 的用法 He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help.他经常认真地倾听我的问题并给我提供帮助。 解析：offer vt. 主动提出，自愿给予。 例：We would thank it if you could offer us any help.如果您能为我们提供任何帮助的话，我们将不胜感激。 【拓展】：offer vi. 提议，提出；n. 提议。 例：We all have something important to offer.我们都有些重要的东西可以提供。 【辨析】：offer，provide offer：意为“提供，给予”，强调“主动，愿意”，常构成短语 offer sb sth 提供某人某物，offer to do sth 主动提出做某事。 provide：意为“供应，供给”，指有远见，为应付意外或紧急情况等做好充分准备，尤其指生活用品，常构成短语：provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物。 十.hero 的用法 He is my hero. 他是我的偶像。 解析：hero 是可数名词，意为“英雄；偶像”，其复数形式是 heroes。 【拓展】：英语中，hero，tomato，Negro，potato 等的复数形式都是在词尾加-es。 十一．on Friday afternoon 的用法/usual的用法 On Friday afternoon，our school ends earlier than usual.在周五下午，我们学校比平常放学早。 解析：on Friday afternoon意为“在星期五下午”。on在此处是介词，表示时间，用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上或星期、节日等时间名词前。 例：on Monday evening 在星期一晚上 on the afternoon of May 1st 在5月1日的下午 The girl died on a cold winter morning.这个女孩在一个寒冷冬天的早上死了。 解析：usual adj. 意为“平常的，通常的”，常用短语为as usual，意为“像往常一样，照例”。 例：It's usual for him to go to school on foot.他通常步行去上学。 As usual，he got to school last.像往常一样，他最后一个到校。 【拓展】：usual的反义词是 unusual，意为“不寻常的”，其副词形式是 usually，意为“通常地”。 例：Can you see anything unusual in the sky?你能看见天空中异乎寻常的东西吗? 十二．twice a week 的用法 Twice a week，I play baseball after school.放学后，我一周打两次棒球。 解析：twice a week意为“每周两次”，表示频率，对类似的短语或词提问要用 how often。twice为副词，意为“两次”。在英语中，“一次”用once表示，“两次”用twice 表示，从三次开始用“基数词 ＋ times”表示。 例：She goes shopping twice a month.她每月购物两次。 We watch TV four times a week.我们每周看四次电视。 十三．比较级中any other的用法 教材原文 She draws better than any other student in my class.她画得比我们班其他任何一个同学都好。 “any other+可数名词单数”意为“其他任何一个……”,指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或事物,相当于 “the other+可数名词复数”。 Sandy sings better than any other student in her class.=Sandy sings better than the other students in her class.桑迪比她班上的其他任何一个同学唱歌都好。 练一练 根据汉语意思完成句子 在我们班上,埃米唱歌比其他任何一个女孩都好。 Amy sings 　 in our class. 十四．farther与further farther, further都是far的比较级,意为“较远,更远”, 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换使用。 如:Simon lives farther/further away from school.西蒙住得离学校更远。 further还有“更多(的);进一步(的)”等含义,此时不能与farther互换使用。如: I may be able to give you some further information about it.关于这件事,也许我可以给你提供更多的信息。 The problem must be further discussed next time.这个问题下一次一定要进一步讨论。 练一练 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 It is said that Jack will come to China for 　　     (far)study. 十五．比较数量的多少 1.两者之间数量的比较要用比较级,常用以下句型 (1)more...than...  ……比……多 其中more是many和much的比较级,所以其后既 可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词 Julie studies more subjects than Millie.朱莉学的科目比米莉学的多。 She has more free time than you.她的空闲时间比你多。 (2)fewer...than...  ……比……少 其中fewer是few的比较级,所以其后只能接可数 名词的复数形式 There are fewer members in this club than in that one.这个俱乐部的成员比那个俱乐部的少。 I have fewer friends than you.我的朋友比你的少。 (3)less...than… ……比……少 其中less是little的比较级,所以其后只能接不可数 名词 Cindy spends less money on clothes than Jane.辛迪在衣服上花的钱比简少。 I eat less food than you.我比你吃得少。 练一练 —Can you give me some advice(建议) on how to be slimmer? —Eat 　　　    meat and 　　　    cakes. A.less;less　　　 　 B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer　　　　 D.fewer;less 2.三者或三者以上数量的比较要用最高级,常用以下句型 (1)the most...最多的…… the most后接可数名词复数或不可数名词 Bob got the most points in our class.在我们班上,鲍勃得分最多。 Who gets the most money in the world?世界上谁拥有的钱最多? (2)the fewest...最少的…… the fewest后接可数名词复数 Zhao Ming ate the fewest eggs this morning.今天早上赵明吃的鸡蛋最少。 (3)the least...最少的…… the least后接不可数名词 Andy drank the least orange juice of us three.在我们三个人中,安迪喝的橙汁最少。 练一练 —Who got 　     red packets of the three brothers in your family during the Spring Festival last year? —Wang Wei. That made him very unhappy. A.the most　　　　 B.the least C.the fewest　　　　 D.fewer 副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词比较等级的构成 一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化 1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest 以e结尾的，直接加-r或-st nice nicer nicest 以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词/多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 二、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 He worked as well as a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。 2．比较级常见的结构 (1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 (4)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 My parents wanted me to have the best possible education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。 4.farther和further far的比较级 含义及用法 例句 farther 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换 A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。 further further还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用 We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。 5.older和elder (1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如: Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。 He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。 He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 (2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如: He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。 练一练 1.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 2.—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 3.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 4.Which colour do you like 　　　， purple， orange or pink?  A.well　　　　 B.good C.better　　　　 D.best 分层练习 【基础练习】 一.根据句意及所给提示完成单词 1.The 　　　(努力) you work, the more progress you’ll make.  2.She has 　　　(更多) money than I, but 　　　(更少) friends than I.  3.Sandy is very thin and weak. She eats the 　　　 (最少的) food in our class.  4.Would you please drive　　　(moving more quickly)? My plane is leaving.  5.I spent 　　　(更少) time playing football than usual today.  二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.My cousin will go to university for　　　(far)study.  2.The more you read, the 　　　(fast) you will be.  3.You will get lost more 　　　(easy) in a big city like Shanghai if you come here for the first time.   4.Bob drinks 　　　(little)juice than Jim and me. He drinks 　　　(little) juice.  5.The next morning he got up 　　　 (early) than before to practise football.  三.单项选择 1.—Our final examination is coming and we are so busy. —I agree. We have more exercises to do and 　　　 time to rest now.  A.more　　　　 B.fewer　　　　 C.less 2.A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much 　　　 than the one with 4G.  A.fast　　　　 B.faster　　　　 C.fastest 3.I can’t keep up with him—he runs 　　　 than me.  A.much faster　　 　　 B.even worse C.less carefully　　　　 D.more carefully 4.Mike lives 　　　 from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school. A.far　　 　　 B.farther  C.further　　　　 D.the farthest 5.During the exam, 　　　 you are, 　　　 mistakes you’ll make.  A.the more careful;the less B.the more careful;the fewer C.the more careless;the less D.the more careless;the fewer 四．用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Simon has 　　　　(little) money than Millie.  2.Do you have a 　　　　(week) test in English at school?  3.In a 　　　(mix) school, boys and girls have lessons together.  4.In today’s class I learned some differences between 　　　 (Britain) English and American English.  5.Mrs King can speak English and 　　　(France) very well, and she can also speak a little Chinese.  五．用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 work hard; learn about; every time; at the end of; than usual 1.　　　 this month, we will go on a class trip to Beijing.  2.The young man got up earlier 　　　 this morning.  3.Helen loves dancing and she practises very hard 　　　.  4.If you want 　　　 their lives long long ago, you must read more history books.  5.Don’t you think Lin Tao 　　　 than before?  六.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.西蒙在家庭作业上花费的时间比我少。 Simon spends 　　　 time on homework 　　　 me.  2.在去年的阅读周期间,我读的书最多。 I read 　　　　　　　 books during last year’s Reading Week.  3.我开车比吉姆小心多了。I drive 　　　　　　　　 Jim.  4.在所有学生中,他总是到校最早。He always gets to school 　　 　　　　.  5.她画得比我班里其他任何一位学生都好。 She draws 　　　　　　 in my class. 【能力拓展】 一.根据短文内容回答问题 I am Canadian. I started learning French when I was 10 years old. But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom. All of that changed, however, during my last summer of high school. As a 17-year-old girl, I flew across the country by myself for the first time! I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French-speaking host family, who didn’t speak any English. And I would learn French at a local school. On the first day of school, all of us students were given a test to determine(测定)our language level. We were required to speak only French all summer. I made every effort to communicate in a second language by making new friends, seeing movies and even ordering food from restaurants in French. Though I couldn’t understand most of it at the very beginning, the whole experience was exciting and refreshing. On weekends, my classmates and I took trips to different places around the province. On one trip, we went whale watching on the St. Lawrence River. Even though it was raining, we could see huge whales swimming around our boat. The most memorable part of our trip was a visit to historic Quebec City. I walked along the stone streets, took pictures of the European-style(欧式的)buildings, and learned some stories there. Finally my efforts paid off! At the end of the summer, I was able to communicate pretty well. I couldn’t wait to go back to school and talk with my French teacher. Being fully immersed(沉浸)in a French-speaking environment was a valuable learning experience. And it could be the main reason for my improvement in French. 1.When did the writer fly alone for the first time?   2.How did the local school determine the students’ language level?   3.Did the writer enjoy the experience of communicating in French?   4.What did the writer think of the visit to historic Quebec City?   5.What could be the main reason for the writer’s improvement in French?   二.根据首字母提示完成单词,使短文完整、正确 My name is Daniel. I am in Grade 8 at Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. It is a m　1　 school.  I like Maths and computer lessons. These subjects are d　2　 but very important. I a　3　 study Art, Chinese, English, Geography, Science and History. I study more subjects and have l　4　 free time than my British friend John. My American friend Nancy joins fewer clubs and has more free time than I do. Nancy studies the f　5　 subjects.  My school is l　6　　 John’s school. We w　7　 school uniforms and do morning exercises.  Nancy is in 9th grade. My school is d　8　 from her school. Nancy can have driving lessons at school. She plays softball a　9　 school. She goes to a “Buddy Club” every Saturday. There, older students talk to n　10　 students about school life.  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$