Unit1 Friends 第3课时 Grammar-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年八年级英语上册同步学与练（牛津译林版）

Unit1 Friends 第3课时 Grammar 目标导航jing 重点 词汇 1.worse adj. 更差的；更糟的；更坏的 2.worst adj. 最差的；最糟的；最坏的 3. height n. 高度 4. weight n. 重量 5. competition n. 比赛，竞赛 6. test n. 测试 7.swimmer n. 游泳者 重点 词组 1.the most expensive computer 最贵的电脑 2. drawing competition 绘画比赛 重点 句型 1. She is shorter than I am. 她比我矮。 2. My book is more interesting than his. 我的书比他的书更有趣。 3. He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。 4. This is the most expensive computer in the shop. 这是店里最贵的电脑。 知识点睛jing 一．名词height的用法 教材原文 Height高,高度 height为名词,意为“高,高度”。 如:The building is about 100 meters in height.这栋大楼大约100米高。 What’s the height of the mountain?那座山有多高? 拓展    high用作形容词,意为“高的”,修饰名词;也可用作副词,意为“高”,修饰行为动词。如: Who jumped the highest in the high jump?在跳高比赛中谁跳得最高? 练一练 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 The plane is 　　　    (高的)in the sky. It is flying at a 　　    (高度)of three thousand meters. High,height 二．Weight 重量 用法分析：weight, 名词，意为“重量”，其动词是weigh. How much do you weigh? = What's your weight?你的体重是多少? Please weigh the apples.请称这些苹果。 含weight的短语 put on weight 发胖，增肥 lose weight 减肥 take one's weight 称体重 三．形容词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较,其结构为:主语+谓语动词+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。如:Tom is younger than me, but he is much taller than me.汤姆比我小,但是他比我高很多。 练一练 Although the Yangtze is the longest river in China, it is 　　　    than the Nile, the longest river in the world. A.short　　　 　B.shorter C.the shortest B根据关键词than可知用比较级,short的比较级是shorter。故选B。 2.形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”。如: Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 练一练 XiaoYun, the 　　　    child was just born. His two elder sisters are at school. A.younger　　　 B.youngest　　　 C.older B三者或三者以上比较,表示“某人/物最……”,用最高级。故选B。 3.形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词原级的基础上进行变化的,分为规则变化和不规则变化: (1)规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 练一练 一．根据汉语提示完成句子 ①There is nothing 　important　 in today’s newspaper.  今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。 ②His idea sounds 　great　.他的主意听起来很棒。  ③He is as 　tall　 as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。  ④The film is too 　boring　.这部电影太无聊了。  ⑤It is even 　colder　 today.今天甚至更冷了。  ⑥Suzhou is becoming 　more　 　and　 　more　 　beautiful　.苏州变得越来越美丽。 ⑦This picture is the 　best　 of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 ⑧She is the second 　tallest　 girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。 二.单项选择 1.Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.   A.cheap　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest　　 D.the cheapest 答案　B　本题考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than many sports可知,此空应填比较级,故选B。 2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier　　 B.heavy enough C.much lighter　　 D.light enough 答案　A　句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说,你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的,但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知,此空应填比较级,故排除B、D两项。由语境可知,此处应该是比去年重,故选A。 3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　 B.lowest C.higher　　 D.highest 答案　D　lower更低的;lowest最低的;higher更高的;highest最高的。根据常识,珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。故答案为D。 解题关键　从答语Mount Qomolangma.及问句中的the world􀆳s可以得知问句问的是世界上最高的山峰是什么。从而判断出设空处应该用最高级并且应该表示“最高的”。 4.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink 　　　cola to keep fit.  A.much　　 B.more C.fewer　　 D.less 答案　D　句意:有人建议他少吃点汉堡包并且少喝点可乐来保持健康。本题考查形容词的比较等级。much许多,修饰不可数名词;more更多,修饰可数名词和不可数名词;fewer更少,修饰可数名词;less更少,修饰不可数名词。cola为不可数名词,排除C项;根据句意和常识可知,此处表示少喝可乐。故选D项。 5.Daniel is 　　　his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall.  A.taller than　　 B.shorter than C.as tall as　　 D.so tall as 答案　C　句意:丹尼尔和他的双胞胎兄弟一样高。他们都是1.75米。本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据后句They are both 1.75 meters tall.可知,他们一样高。as tall as和……一样高,so tall as只能用在否定句中。故选C项。 三.词汇运用 1.—What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? —Wonderful. I have never seen a 　　　　　　　(interesting) film before.  答案　more interesting　此空填形容词的比较级和never连用,表示最高级的含义,指《你好,李焕英》是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。故填more interesting。 2.Lucy is organized and her room always looks 　　　(tidy) than mine.  答案　tidier　本题考查形容词比较级。空格前的look是系动词,后接形容词作表语,根据空格后的than可知,要用比较级,故填tidier。 3.The programme Drive less,cycle more will reduce pollution and make streets much 　　　(安全的).  答案　safer　此处是“make+宾语+adj.”结构,“安全的”是safe,空格前的much修饰比较级,所以填safer。 4.Yuan Longping, one of 　　　　　　　　　　　(最伟大的科学家),made important contributions to the world.  答案　the greatest scientists　本题考查形容词最高级。one of后接名词的复数形式,此时名词通常用形容词最高级来修饰,故填the greatest scientists。 5.—Which dog do you think is 　　　(lazy), Hobo or Eddie?  —I think Eddie is. 答案　lazier　两者之间进行比较,应用形容词的比较级形式。lazy的比较级为lazier。 6.The Great Wall is one of the 　　　　　　(great) wonders in the world.  答案　greatest　根据in the world可知,此处应用形容词最高级形式,great的最高级为greatest。 知识拓展　“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“……中最……的之一”。 7.My cousin will go to university for 　　　　　　(far) study.  答案　further　further study为固定短语,意为“深造,进修”。注意:far的比较级有两个farther和further。表示“更进一步”时用further。 8.Cells are the 　　　　　　(small) and most basic units of living matter.  答案　smallest　根据空格前的the和后面的most basic可知,此处应用最高级。 分层练习 【基础练习】 Ⅰ.根据句意及所给提示完成单词 1.The girl sitting behind me often worries a lot about her 　　　 (高度). 2.On Nov 11th, most products online in China are usually sold at the 　　　(最低的) prices.  3.This is the w　　　 restaurant that I have ever been to. Its dishes and service aren’t good at all.  4.The boy is only 10 years old, but he is much 　 　　 (高) than his father.  5.Zhang Yufei is one of the best 　　　 (游泳者) in the world now.   1.height　2.lowest　3.worst　4.taller　5.swimmers 二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Put on your T-shirt and shorts. It’s 　　　 (hot) than yesterday.  2.In Gretel’s mind, Hansel was the 　　　(brave) person in the world.  3.Yuan Longping, one of the 　　　 (great) scientists in the world, is known as “Father of hybrid rice”.   4.Nowadays, better medical care and cleaner water help people live 　　　 (long).  5.The harder you work, the 　　　 (luck) you will be.  1.hotter　2.bravest　3.greatest　4.longer　5.luckier 三.单项选择 1.Huawei Mate 40 is 　　　 of the three mobile phones.  A.expensive　　　　 B.more expensive C.the most expensive 2.—After Start of Spring, everything turns green in China. —Yes. People clearly see that the daytime is becoming 　　　 and the weather is becoming  　　　.  A.shorter;warmer　　　　 B.longer;cooler C.longer;warmer 3.—Are you going to the airport by bus? —I’d rather take a taxi. It’s 　　　　.  A.quicker　　　 　 B.cheaper C.the quickest　　　　 D.the cheapest 4.—What is the world’s 　　　 mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　　　 B.lowest　　　　 C.higher　　　　 D.highest 5.The roads are becoming 　　　 as more people go to work in the morning.  A.wider　　　　 B.longer C.cleaner　　　　 D.busier 1.C　根据空后的of the three mobile phones可知这里指三者的比较,因此用形容词的最高级。故选C。 2.C　根据首句说立春之后的变化可知,立春后白天变长,天气变暖。故选C。 3.A　句意:——你将要乘坐公交车去机场吗?——我宁愿乘坐出租车。它更快一点。根据语境可知是两个交通工具之间的对比,用比较级。故选A。 4.D　根据常识可知,珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山,应用最高级。故选D。 5.D　句意:随着更多人早上要去上班,路也变得更忙了。wider更宽;longer 更长;cleaner 更干净;busier 更忙。故选D。 四.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.5G 来了!它将使我们的生活越来越好。5G is coming! It will make our life 　　　　　　.  2.熊猫是世界上最受欢迎的动物之一。Giant pandas are 　　　　　　 in the world.  3.他的鞋子比我的贵多了。His shoes are much 　 .  4.谁是你们班游泳游得最快的?Who is 　　　　　　　 in your class?  1.better and better 2.one of the most popular animals 3.more expensive than mine 4.the fastest swimmer 【能力拓展】 一任务型阅读 Girls like to spend time with their best friends. They like to play games, go shopping and even go to the toilet together. Have you ever dreamed of living together with your best friends? Three American women have made this dream come true. Margaret Sugg moved into a house in Georgetown, Washington, DC, in 1967. There she met Nancy Fassett. A few years later, Barbara Fletcher joined them. The three shared many common (共同的) interests, such as reading, music and travelling. In 1975, Sugg, Fassett and Fletcher bought a house together. They had a lot of fun living together. One time, they took some friends to the airport and boarded (上飞机) a flight with them. They did not tell their friends the destination (目的地). And they ended up in Fassett’s hometown in North Carolina. They held a party and had an amazing holiday there. The years just went by. Sugg, Fassett and Fletcher have been roommates for many years. Fletcher says, “We’ll face the good time and hard time together. We are a family.” 1.According to the article, what do girls like to do?   2.Where did Margaret Sugg meet Fassett?   3.What are the common interests that Sugg, Fassett and Fletcher share?   4.Where is Fassett’s hometown?   5.Would you want to live with your best friends? Why or why not?   1.They like to spend time with their best friends. 由短文首句“Girls like to spend time with their best friends.”可知答案。 2.In Georgetown, Washington, DC. 由短文第二段前两句“Margaret Sugg moved into a house in Georgetown, Washington, DC, in 1967. There she met Nancy Fassett.”可知答案。 3.Reading, music and travelling. 由短文第二段最后一句“The three shared many common interests, such as reading, music and travelling.”可知答案。 4.In North Carolina. 由短文第三段倒数第二句“And they ended up in Fassett’s hometown in North Carolina.”可知答案。 5.Yes, I would love to. I think living with my best friends would be fun. We can take care of each other and do our favourite things together.(本题答案不唯一,言之有理即可) 二.书面表达 友谊(friendship)是我们生活中的重要组成部分。请你结合下面的汉语提示用英语谈谈在生活中应该如何对待朋友。 提示:1. 学会倾听和分享; 2. 彼此坦诚,不要说谎; 3. 互相信任是很重要的; 4. 我们应该理解朋友的感受; 5. 当遇到困难时,我们要互相帮助。 Friendship is an important part in our life. How should we treat our friends in our life? First, learn to listen and share. When our friends talk to us, we should listen to them carefully. Second, be honest to others. Don’t lie to our parents, teachers or friends. Third, trust our friends. It’s important to trust our friends. Fourth, we should understand friends’ feelings. When we disagree with each other, we should try to understand others. Finally, when we meet difficulties, we should help each other. Friends are important in our life. We should think them more than ourselves. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit1 Friends 第3课时 Grammar 目标导航jing 重点 词汇 1. adj. 更差的；更糟的；更坏的 2. adj. 最差的；最糟的；最坏的 3. n. 高度 4. n. 重量 5. n. 比赛，竞赛 6. n. 测试 7. n. 游泳者 重点 词组 1. 最贵的电脑 2. 绘画比赛 重点 句型 1. She is I am. 她比我矮。 2. My book is his. 我的书比他的书更有趣。 3. He is in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。 4. This is in the shop. 这是店里最贵的电脑。 知识点睛jing 一．名词height的用法 教材原文 Height高,高度 height为名词,意为“高,高度”。 如:The building is about 100 meters in height.这栋大楼大约100米高。 What’s the height of the mountain?那座山有多高? 拓展    high用作形容词,意为“高的”,修饰名词;也可用作副词,意为“高”,修饰行为动词。如: Who jumped the highest in the high jump?在跳高比赛中谁跳得最高? 练一练 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 The plane is 　　　    (高的)in the sky. It is flying at a 　　    (高度)of three thousand meters. 二．Weight 重量 用法分析：weight, 名词，意为“重量”，其动词是weigh. How much do you weigh? = What's your weight?你的体重是多少? Please weigh the apples.请称这些苹果。 含weight的短语 put on weight 发胖，增肥 lose weight 减肥 take one's weight 称体重 三．形容词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较,其结构为:主语+谓语动词+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。如:Tom is younger than me, but he is much taller than me.汤姆比我小,但是他比我高很多。 练一练 Although the Yangtze is the longest river in China, it is 　　　    than the Nile, the longest river in the world. A.short　　　 　B.shorter C.the shortest 2.形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”。如: Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 练一练 XiaoYun, the 　　　    child was just born. His two elder sisters are at school. A.younger　　　 B.youngest　　　 C.older 3.形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词原级的基础上进行变化的,分为规则变化和不规则变化: (1)规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 练一练 一．根据汉语提示完成句子 ①There is nothing in today’s newspaper.  今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。 ②His idea sounds .他的主意听起来很棒。  ③He is as as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。  ④The film is too .这部电影太无聊了。  ⑤It is even today.今天甚至更冷了。  ⑥Suzhou is becoming .苏州变得越来越美丽。 ⑦This picture is the of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 ⑧She is the second girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。 二.单项选择 1.Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.   A.cheap　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest　　 D.the cheapest 2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier　　 B.heavy enough C.much lighter　　 D.light enough 3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　 B.lowest C.higher　　 D.highest 4.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink 　　　cola to keep fit.  A.much　　 B.more C.fewer　　 D.less 5.Daniel is 　　　his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall.  A.taller than　　 B.shorter than C.as tall as　　 D.so tall as 三.词汇运用 1.—What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? —Wonderful. I have never seen a 　　　　　　　(interesting) film before.  2.Lucy is organized and her room always looks 　　　(tidy) than mine.  3.The programme Drive less,cycle more will reduce pollution and make streets much 　　　(安全的).  4.Yuan Longping, one of 　　　　　　　　　　　(最伟大的科学家),made important contributions to the world.  5.—Which dog do you think is 　　　(lazy), Hobo or Eddie?  —I think Eddie is. 6.The Great Wall is one of the 　　　　　　(great) wonders in the world.  7.My cousin will go to university for 　　　　　　(far) study.  8.Cells are the 　　　　　　(small) and most basic units of living matter.  分层练习 【基础练习】 一.根据句意及所给提示完成单词 1.The girl sitting behind me often worries a lot about her 　　　 (高度). 2.On Nov 11th, most products online in China are usually sold at the 　　　(最低的) prices.  3.This is the w　　　 restaurant that I have ever been to. Its dishes and service aren’t good at all.  4.The boy is only 10 years old, but he is much 　 　　 (高) than his father.  5.Zhang Yufei is one of the best 　　　 (游泳者) in the world now.   二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Put on your T-shirt and shorts. It’s 　　　 (hot) than yesterday.  2.In Gretel’s mind, Hansel was the 　　　(brave) person in the world.  3.Yuan Longping, one of the 　　　 (great) scientists in the world, is known as “Father of hybrid rice”.   4.Nowadays, better medical care and cleaner water help people live 　　　 (long).  5.The harder you work, the 　　　 (luck) you will be.  三.单项选择 1.Huawei Mate 40 is 　　　 of the three mobile phones.  A.expensive　　　　 B.more expensive C.the most expensive 2.—After Start of Spring, everything turns green in China. —Yes. People clearly see that the daytime is becoming 　　　 and the weather is becoming  　　　.  A.shorter;warmer　　　　 B.longer;cooler C.longer;warmer 3.—Are you going to the airport by bus? —I’d rather take a taxi. It’s 　　　　.  A.quicker　　　 　 B.cheaper C.the quickest　　　　 D.the cheapest 4.—What is the world’s 　　　 mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　　　 B.lowest　　　　 C.higher　　　　 D.highest 5.The roads are becoming 　　　 as more people go to work in the morning.  A.wider　　　　 B.longer C.cleaner　　　　 D.busier 四.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.5G 来了!它将使我们的生活越来越好。5G is coming! It will make our life 　　　　　　.  2.熊猫是世界上最受欢迎的动物之一。Giant pandas are 　　　　　　 in the world.  3.他的鞋子比我的贵多了。His shoes are much 　 .  4.谁是你们班游泳游得最快的?Who is 　　　　　　　 in your class?  【能力拓展】 一任务型阅读 Girls like to spend time with their best friends. They like to play games, go shopping and even go to the toilet together. Have you ever dreamed of living together with your best friends? Three American women have made this dream come true. Margaret Sugg moved into a house in Georgetown, Washington, DC, in 1967. There she met Nancy Fassett. A few years later, Barbara Fletcher joined them. The three shared many common (共同的) interests, such as reading, music and travelling. In 1975, Sugg, Fassett and Fletcher bought a house together. They had a lot of fun living together. One time, they took some friends to the airport and boarded (上飞机) a flight with them. They did not tell their friends the destination (目的地). And they ended up in Fassett’s hometown in North Carolina. They held a party and had an amazing holiday there. The years just went by. Sugg, Fassett and Fletcher have been roommates for many years. Fletcher says, “We’ll face the good time and hard time together. We are a family.” 1.According to the article, what do girls like to do?   2.Where did Margaret Sugg meet Fassett?   3.What are the common interests that Sugg, Fassett and Fletcher share?   4.Where is Fassett’s hometown?   5.Would you want to live with your best friends? Why or why not?   二.书面表达 友谊(friendship)是我们生活中的重要组成部分。请你结合下面的汉语提示用英语谈谈在生活中应该如何对待朋友。 提示:1. 学会倾听和分享; 2. 彼此坦诚,不要说谎; 3. 互相信任是很重要的; 4. 我们应该理解朋友的感受; 5. 当遇到困难时,我们要互相帮助。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$