Unit2 Numbers 单元主题阅读与完形填空16篇-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教牛津版）

Unit2 Numbers 单元主题阅读与完形填空16篇 一、阅读理解 （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期末）One plus one equals two. There are 60 seconds in one minute. Sixty minutes equals one hour. There are 24 hours in one day. One year includes 365 days. These are all basic facts that we know by heart. But have you ever stopped to think how numbers came into being and how they developed? It’s safe to say that our society would have never developed without numbers. However, the development of numbers is still a puzzle to us. That’s because when ancient people developed simple ways of counting, they didn’t leave any records behind. It’s not difficult to guess that numbers and counting began with the number “1”, though ancient people probably didn’t call it “one.” They likely counted by ones and recorded by carving lines on a bone. The earliest evidence of this is the Ishango Bone (伊尚戈骨), which was found in 1960 in Africa. The bone is believed to be more than 20,000 years old. It has many lines on it. The lines look like what we would call “tally marks” today. Scientists think those lines show how ancient people used numbers. 1．According to the article, we still don’t know ________. A．the basic facts of numbers B．where numbers come from C．how to count with numbers D．the importance of numbers 2．Why is the development of numbers a puzzle? A．Because people today are not smart enough to find it out. B．Because people today can’t find any records of ancient ways of counting. C．Because ancient people forgot to leave any records of their ways of counting. D．Because ancient people didn’t record their ways of counting at all. 3．Where was the Ishango Bone found? A．In China. B．In Africa. C．In Egypt. D．In India. 4．Which picture best stands for the phrase “tally marks” mentioned in the last paragraph? A． B．     C． D． 5．Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A．The Inshango Bone was found 20,000 years ago. B．There are many numbers on the Inshango Bone. C．Numbers are important to a society’s development. D．Ancient people carved lines on the stones as a way of counting. （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期中）Do you have a lucky number? What is it? Many people have a special number and they hope that it will bring them good luck. In China, people think some numbers are lucky or unlucky because those numbers sound similar to some Chinese words that mean (意思是) something good or bad. For example, the word for number 8 sounds like “making lots of money” in Chinese. So, people think it a very lucky number. Some people will even spend much more money to have 8s in their phone numbers. Do you remember the Summer Olympic Games in Beijing? It opened at 8:08 p. m. on August 8, 2008. The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors (皇帝) of China. There were nine dragons on emperors’ robes (长袍) and it’s told in many Chinese ancient stories that the dragon has nine children. The number of 9 also means “long lasting”. In China, a man would send 99 or 999 roses to his lover with the wishes that the love between them will be long lasting. What’s more, Chinese think that the number 2 is lucky as it’s said that “all good things come in pairs”. For example, during wedding celebrations (婚礼庆典), you usually find pairs of red candles, double pillows and many other things in pairs. And people often give gifts in pairs for someone’s birthday, wedding or other celebrations. So what’s an unlucky number in China? It might be 4. Many Chinese people see 4 as an unlucky number because it sounds similar to the Chinese word “die”. Because of this, many buildings don’t have the fourth floor, and just call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip (跳过) all floors with the numbered 4, such as 4, 14, 24, 34 and all 40-49 floors. So, a building whose highest floor is 50 may have only 36 floors in fact. 6．From the article, we can learn that some people would pay much more money for ________. A．the phone numbers with 8s B．the Summer Olympic Games C．the emperors’ robes D．the wedding celebrations 7．Why would a man like to send 99 roses to his lover? A．Because he thinks that women love roses the best. B．Because the number 9 has a connection to the emperors of China. C．Because he hopes that he will be in love with the woman for a long time. D．Because he wishes that he will have lots of children with the woman in the future. 8．What can we learn from the article? A．The shape of a word makes Chinese think that a word is lucky or unlucky. B．The Beijing Olympic Games opened at 8:00 p. m. on August 8, 2008. C．Chinese like to give gifts in pairs. D．Roses mean long lasting in Chinese. 9．What is the article about? A．Numbers and old stories in China. B．Lucky and unlucky numbers in Chinese culture. C．Ways to find your lucky and unlucky numbers. D．Different meanings of numbers in different countries. （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期末）Everyone knows magic tricks are fun, but not enough people realize that math can be as well. Here is one of the most popular tricks to show you how amazing math can be. Firstly, pick a friend with good math skills. To play the trick, your friend needs to know how to add numbers and do subtraction (减法). Then, write down 1089 on a piece of paper without showing anyone. Thirdly, ask your friend to write down a number with three different digits (位数). Tell him not to show you the number. Make sure the three digits can not be the same. For example, he could pick 481. Next, let your friend write down the number backwards. For example, 481 backwards is 184. After that, make it into a subtraction problem. Now your friend has two numbers. Get him to subtract the smaller one from the larger one. In our example, the result should be 481-184＝297. If the result has only two digits, ask your friend to add a zero at the beginning. Next step, reverse this number as well. Ask your friend to take his answer and reverse the digits order again. If he added the zero at the beginning, remind him to include it as part of the number. For example, the reverse of 297 is 792. Here comes the most exciting part. As the final calculation, get your friend to add the last two numbers and write down the result. In our example, 792+297＝1089. Finally, tell everyone that you know the last number your friend wrote down. Show others the piece of paper with the 1089 you’ve written down earlier. In the trick, the last number will always be 1089. If your friend has a different answer, he did not follow instructions, or he made a mistake. 10．To play the trick, how many steps should you follow? ________ A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8. 11．If your friend got “99” after doing the subtraction, what did he need to do? ________ A．Go on with the other steps. B．Change the number into 099. C．Tell others the number he got. D．Choose another number to start again. 12．What’s the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 7 mean? ________ A．To get something inside out. B．To turn something upside down. C．To turn or move something to one side. D．To change the order of something around. 13．Which is the best name for the math trick? ________ A．The 481 trick B．The 2 numbers trick C．The 1089 trick D．The subtraction trick （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期中）Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2, 500 years ago, people in Rome used their bands to count. In Roman numerals, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, IV, V, VI, VⅡ, VⅢ, IX, X’ ” Also, “L” means fifty, “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 14．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? ________ A．5. B．Ⅳ. C．Ⅴ. D．Ⅹ. 15．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? ________ A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 16．What do we know about Arabic numerals? ________ A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 17．In what order did the following things happen? ________ a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe. d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b—c—a—d B．b—a—c—d C．d—b—a—c D．d—c—b—a （23-24八年级上·广东深圳·期中）How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first language? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true. People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people begin counting with their first finger. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand. Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. For example, the aboriginal (土著居民), people in Australia don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have words for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. Similarly, people of the Piraha tribe (部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees”, “more trees” or “many trees”. Professor Edward Gibson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count. “But here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.” 18．Why does the writer list the four questions at the beginning of the passage? A．To make a survey. B．To interest the readers. C．To give examples. D．To interview the readers. 19．What can we learn according to paragraph 2? A．People from China can make use of different finger positions to do the counting. B．People from the US usually begin counting with their thumb. C．People from China count much faster than people from the US. D．People from the US use only one hand to count from one to ten. 20．Which of the following is TRUE about aboriginal Australians? A．There are ideas of numbers in their life. B．There is no “some trees” in their language. C．They have only a few words for numbers. D．They have hand movements to stand for numbers. 21．The study of the Piranha tribe shows that ________. A．people all over the world know how to count B．people of the tribe have words for number C．some groups of people are not smart enough to count D．counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe 22．What is the main idea of the passage? A．People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math. B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans. C．In some aboriginal culture, people don’t even know how to count. D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers. （21-22八年级上·广东广州·期中）The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the time when the European number system was created. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes, 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Therefore, there were two important numbers in this system. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot. The Mayan system used two symbols（符号）. A dot （.）was used to mean the units（one to four）and a dash（—）meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing（or zero）. The most common symbol was that of a shell（）but there were several other symbols（e.g. ahead）. It is interesting to learn that with all of the great experts on Maths and scientists in ancient Greece and Rome, it was the Mayan Indians who came up with this symbol zero or nothing. Picture 1 is a form of different numbers and how they would have been written. From further study, people found that the 360 day calendar（日历）also came from the Mayan. They actually used base 18 when they made the calendar. Each month included 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year which was month in itself, full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans had invented the 365 day calendar. 23．What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The European number system. B．The Mayan number system. C．The Arabic number system. D．The wreck number system. 24．Which of the following symbols means sixteen? A． B． C． D． 25．What can we learn from the article? A．The Mayan number system had a base 10. B．All number systems had the same symbols. C．There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. D．The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. 26．The article is probably from _________. A．a diary B．an encyclopedia C．a travel guide D．a computer magazine （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）Big data (数 据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of patterns in the data. Big data includes information collected from many sources (来源), such as information from schools, social media site, companies and governments. One set of data may include people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so they can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong yet. How can big data be used both for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs are written by people. How people think will decide how they use the date. People think in a certain way and they build models based on their ideas. These models will decide how computer programs look at the data. Good ideas are helpful for people and businesses while bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. 27．What kind of information may be included in big data? ① people’s names    ② people’s addresses    ③ people’s hobbies ④ people’s schools        ⑤ people’s shopping habits    ⑥ people’s travelling habits A．①②③ B．①②③④ C．①②③⑤⑥ D．①②③④⑤⑥ 28．How does the writer show his ideas in Paragraph 2? A．By showing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By making comparisons. 29．What does the underlined “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Students at school B．Students who need more help than others C．Teachers who give support to students D．Children who succeed in school 30．Why can big data be used for both good and bad reasons? A．Because big data can help take care of babies as well as predict who is going to hurt others. B．Because some programs are good for people while some are bad. C．Because the information included in big data comes from different places. D．Because the people who write computer programs have different ways of thinking. 31．What is the best title for the passage? A．Big data, good or bad? B．Facts about big data C．Big data—best helper D．People behind big data （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）Do you know the numbers 0-9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2,500 years ago, people in Rome used their bands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have then. So in Rome, the numbers are “I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X”. Also, “L” means fifty, “C” means one hundred, “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 32．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? A．5. B．IV. C．V. D．X. 33．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 34．What do we know about Arabic numerals? A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 35．In what order did the following things happen? a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe.   d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b-c-a-d B．b-a-c-d C．d-b-a-c D．d-c-b-a （21-22八年级上·广东广州·期中）If seems very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them. You have four dollars. But do you know it took men millions of years to be able to think this way? In fact, one of the most difficult things to teach children is the idea of numbers. In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system of numbers to use. He put a stone into a bag for each animal. The more animals, the more stones be had. It may explain why the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus”. “Calculus” means “stone”. Then, man used lines to count. People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number. Later on, people used fingers. Again, we have the word that goes back to this. The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers. The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during 8th to 11th century by Arab traders (商人). In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. and 0. It is decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10. 36．How many ways of counting things are introduced to us in the passage? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 37．If A and B each drew four lines to count their own sheep, how many sheep did they have together? A．Four B．Six C．Bight D．Ten 38．Why do people use 10 in the system of numbers? A．Because 10 is a popular number. B．Because we only have 10 fingers. C．Because we have no word to tell the number. D．Because we have no system of numbers to use. 39．What does “decimal system” mean in the last paragraph? A．数字系统 B．计算工具 C．十进制 D．小数点 40．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Numbers and trading B．Ways of counting in Modern Times C．Animals and calculating D．Development of counting System 二、完形填空 （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many people may be crazy about numbers. They think that numbers have something to do with 41 . Western people think the number “13” is 42 . In some parts of the world, buildings don’t have the thirteenth floor. People go from the twelfth to the 43 directly (直接地). In many countries, 44 don’t include “13” in their room numbers. Many tourists cannot find Room 13 when they stay there! In some parts of China, the number “4” could be unlucky because the word “four” sounds similar to “death” in Chinese. So Chinese 45 give gifts of four toys, four boxes of chocolate or four of anything. Meanwhile, “ 46 ” and “eight” are lucky numbers in China. Chinese people see dates that include these two lucky numbers as lucky days. They like to hold important events on these lucky days. For example, the Beijing Olympic Games opened at 8:08 on 47 8, 2008. Many Chinese people try their best to choose a telephone number with “8” or “6” in it. And these numbers usually cost 48 money in China. Bulgarians, however, do not 49 phone numbers with “8” as the owners of phone number “08888-888-888” either died of cancer (癌症) or were killed. The same number can have 50 meanings in many cultures. Are you a big fan of numbers now? Do you believe that numbers can affect our lives? 41．A．truth B．luck C．happiness D．hope 42．A．interesting B．difficult C．unlucky D．lucky 43．A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．fortieth D．fourteenth 44．A．hotels B．clubs C．libraries D．schools 45．A．usually B．always C．sometimes D．seldom 46．A．six B．eight C．nine D．seven 47．A．August B．September C．October D．July 48．A．some B．less C．no D．more 49．A．understand B．know C．prefer D．have 50．A．special B．less C．different D．same （22-23八年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。 Many people are superstitious(迷信的) about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and 51 numbers. The number 13 is often considered(被认为) unlucky. In 52 parts of the world, buildings don’t have the 53 floor. People go from the twelfth to the fourteenth 54 . Some door numbers are like that 55 . In Japan, the number 4 is considered unlucky because in Japan the word “four” is pronounced the same as the word “death”. The Japanese 56 give gifts of four knives, four napkins or four of anything. 57 are lucky numbers? 7 is a lucky number in many places, and 8 is considered a lucky number both in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open 58 August 8, and many couples get married at 8: 08 on August 8. Some people 59 lucky numbers very deeply. They would like to get a telephone number with “8” or “6” in it, although it 60 them much more money. They think that the lucky numbers can really bring them good luck, and, at least no evidence(证据) says they can not. 51．A．true B．bad C．wise D．unlucky 52．A．every B．any C．some D．all 53．A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．thirty D．thirtieth 54．A．amount B．number C．room D．floor 55．A．as well B．and so on C．for example D．as though 56．A．usually B．always C．sometimes D．never 57．A．What B．Why C．When D．How many 58．A．in B．with C．at D．on 59．A．realize B．discuss C．believe D．promise 60．A．costs B．spends C．pays D．takes （22-23八年级上·广东江门·期中）In some foreign countries, some people do not like the number 13. They don’t think 13 is a 61 number. For example, they don’t like to live on the thirteenth 62 . My friend Jack has got the 63 idea. He doesn’t like the number 13, either. One day, he invited some friends to have 64 . It was 7:00 pm, when all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit around the table. He began to 65 the people in his mind while they were having the delicious food. Suddenly he 66 ,“Oh, there are thirteen people here!” Everybody’s face turned white except Mr. Brown. He said slowly 67 a smile on his face, “Don’t 68 , my dear friends! We have fourteen people here. My wife Mrs. Brown will have a 69 in a few weeks. She is in the family way (怀孕) now.” All of them became happy again. “Congratulations!” they said to Mrs. And Mr. Brown. They enjoyed the nice food and 70 that evening. 61．A．good B．bad C．lucky D．unlucky 62．A．floor B．room C．bed D．day 63．A．different B．same C．good D．bad 64．A．breakfast B．lunch C．dinner D．a party 65．A．read B．count C．think D．call 66．A．said B．spoke C．told D．talked 67．A．with B．without C．had D．no 68．A．shout B．worry C．cry D．do that 69．A．baby B．boy C．girl D．child 70．A．played well B．danced well C．sang well D．enjoyed themselves （22-23八年级上·广东茂名·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Every country has its own customs. Do you want to know something about English customs? England is a great 71 with a long history. There are many different customs in England. As we know, a 72 age is her secret. So you mustn’t ask a woman 73 she is. When you go out on a 74 day in England, you may see many people taking umbrellas with them. Don’t laugh at them. In England, the weather changes very quickly. 75 it’s sunny now, it may rain soon. When you get a present from your friend, you must 76 it at once and say 77 to him or her. In England and many other western countries, 78 is an unlucky number, so there is no Room13, Class13, Number13 and so on. In England, you must 79 on the left of the road. So you see, you can do 80 in China, but you can’t do it in England! Do remember these customs if you have a chance to visit England. 71．A．village B．town C．city D．country 72．A．man’s B．woman’s C．boy’s D．girl’s 73．A．how tall B．how big C．how old D．how nice 74．A．sunny B．rainy C．windy D．snowy 75．A．But B．Although C．And D．However 76．A．open B．sell C．collect D．hide 77．A．sorry B．thanks C．hello D．goodbye 78．A．12 B．13 C．14 D．15 79．A．park B．train C．land D．drive 80．A．none B．anything C．something D．nothing （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）It seems very natural that if you have two dollars and someone gives you 81 more, you will have four dollars. But do you know it really took human beings a very long time to be able to think this way? In fact, one of the most 82 things to teach children is the idea of numbers. In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he 83 , he had no system of numbers to use. He put a 84 into a bag for each animal. The more animals owned, the more stones he had. It may explain 85 the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus”. “Calculus” means “stone”. Then, man used lines to count. People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they still had no 86 to tell the numbers, so they could not write the numbers down. Later on, people used fingers. Again, we have the word that 87 this. The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! The fact that we have 10 fingers 88 the use of 10 in the system of numbers. The Hindus in India 89 the number system we use today and Arab traders (商人) 90 it to Europe during the 8th to the 11th century. In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0. It is called decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10. 81．A．one B．two C．three D．four 82．A．difficult B．wonderful C．important D．intelligent 83．A．killed B．ate C．had D．included 84．A．line B．stone C．finger D．stick 85．A．what B．how C．why D．when 86．A．words B．names C．books D．pens 87．A．goes back to B．looks forward to C．talks about D．happens to 88．A．came from B．was close to C．led to D．was made up of 89．A．wrote B．made C．produced D．invented 90．A．introduced B．developed C．gave D．sold （23-24八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期末）Numbers in different countries may have different meanings. In China, some people think that some numbers bring them 91 . Take “8” for example, the Chinese pronunciation of the number “8” has almost the 92 sound as that of the Chinese character “发[fa:]”, which means making a fortune (财富). So, many Chinese people spend a lot of 93 getting their telephone numbers or car numbers to include this number “8”. They believe without any doubt that the number will bring them money. 94 , others don’t believe that numbers have anything to do with good luck. They think such an idea is only an ignorant (愚昧的) and superstitious(迷信的) belief. A number is one thing, and good luck is 95 . They will ask, “ 96 can you ever have any good luck simply because of some lucky numbers, even if you don’t work hard, don’t have good opportunities and don’t 97 the people around you?” As for me, I 98 with the latter (后者). Clearly, lucky numbers are only a kind of superstition (迷信). Perhaps it holds true for some cases, but often it does not. Numbers can never bring good luck to a person at all and our fortune is in our own 99 . So, everyone can have a good fortune only if he tries his best. Let’s always 100 “Opportunities are only for the prepared mind” and “No pains, no gains”. 91．A．good luck B．bad luck C．failure D．success 92．A．different B．same C．similar D．right 93．A．time B．money C．things D．energy 94．A．However B．What’s more C．At last D．Finally 95．A．other B．the other C．others D．another 96．A．How B．What C．Why D．When 97．A．depend on B．keep in touch with C．get along well with D．play well with 98．A．agree B．disagree C．dislike D．like 99．A．thought B．mind C．hands D．heart 100．A．think B．learn C．remember D．say （22-23八年级上·辽宁铁岭·期末）It’s a summer morning in 2040. The Internet is all around you. All the things you’re about to do appear according to the data streams (数据流) flying across the 101 . Cars and buses adjust (调节) 102 numbers and ways according to the data streams, too. Buying your kids wonderful birthday gifts is 103 and quick in 2040. It is because your data will quickly tell you the best shopping service. And it will be just what your 104 want. Best of all, doctors will have an easy way to check (检查) your medical history because of the data. It 105 good, doesn’t it? In the future, data will 106 most of things. This 107 is from a person and he created the web. Last month in London, he said that one day we might also have much greater ownership (所有物) over the data. “I would like us to 108 a world. In the world, I would have my own data,” he said. “We’ll be able to write apps. They can take data 109 all different parts of my life, my friends’ lives and my family’s lives.” We never know what will happen in the future, but the world wide web in 2040 promises to be different. We can be 110 of one thing: we will do our best to make it come true. 101．A．computer B．Internet C．robot D．place 102．A．her B．its C．our D．their 103．A．easy B．difficult C．slow D．cheap 104．A．parents B．kids C．father D．brothers 105．A．hears B．looks C．tastes D．sounds 106．A．decide B．lose C．act D．stand 107．A．promise B．book C．idea D．news 108．A．build B．improve C．agree D．plant 109．A．at B．on C．in D．from 110．A．dangerous B．ready C．sure D．possible 14 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 13 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit2 Numbers 单元主题阅读与完形填空16篇 一、阅读理解 （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期末）One plus one equals two. There are 60 seconds in one minute. Sixty minutes equals one hour. There are 24 hours in one day. One year includes 365 days. These are all basic facts that we know by heart. But have you ever stopped to think how numbers came into being and how they developed? It’s safe to say that our society would have never developed without numbers. However, the development of numbers is still a puzzle to us. That’s because when ancient people developed simple ways of counting, they didn’t leave any records behind. It’s not difficult to guess that numbers and counting began with the number “1”, though ancient people probably didn’t call it “one.” They likely counted by ones and recorded by carving lines on a bone. The earliest evidence of this is the Ishango Bone (伊尚戈骨), which was found in 1960 in Africa. The bone is believed to be more than 20,000 years old. It has many lines on it. The lines look like what we would call “tally marks” today. Scientists think those lines show how ancient people used numbers. 1．According to the article, we still don’t know ________. A．the basic facts of numbers B．where numbers come from C．how to count with numbers D．the importance of numbers 2．Why is the development of numbers a puzzle? A．Because people today are not smart enough to find it out. B．Because people today can’t find any records of ancient ways of counting. C．Because ancient people forgot to leave any records of their ways of counting. D．Because ancient people didn’t record their ways of counting at all. 3．Where was the Ishango Bone found? A．In China. B．In Africa. C．In Egypt. D．In India. 4．Which picture best stands for the phrase “tally marks” mentioned in the last paragraph? A． B．     C． D． 5．Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A．The Inshango Bone was found 20,000 years ago. B．There are many numbers on the Inshango Bone. C．Numbers are important to a society’s development. D．Ancient people carved lines on the stones as a way of counting. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了数字的历史和发展。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, the development of numbers is still a puzzle to us.”可知数字的发展对我们来说仍然是一个谜，所以我们不知道数字来自哪里。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“That’s because when ancient people developed simple ways of counting, they didn’t leave any records behind.”可知数字的发展对我们来说仍然是一个谜，这是因为当古代人发展出简单的计数方法时，他们没有留下任何记录。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The earliest evidence of this is the Ishango Bone (伊尚戈骨), which was found in 1960 in Africa”可知伊尚戈骨是在非洲被发现的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“It has many lines on it. The lines look like what we would call ‘tally marks’ today”可知上面有很多行，选项C符合。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“It’s safe to say that our society would have never developed without numbers”可知如果没有数字，我们的社会就永远不会发展。故选C。 （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期中）Do you have a lucky number? What is it? Many people have a special number and they hope that it will bring them good luck. In China, people think some numbers are lucky or unlucky because those numbers sound similar to some Chinese words that mean (意思是) something good or bad. For example, the word for number 8 sounds like “making lots of money” in Chinese. So, people think it a very lucky number. Some people will even spend much more money to have 8s in their phone numbers. Do you remember the Summer Olympic Games in Beijing? It opened at 8:08 p. m. on August 8, 2008. The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors (皇帝) of China. There were nine dragons on emperors’ robes (长袍) and it’s told in many Chinese ancient stories that the dragon has nine children. The number of 9 also means “long lasting”. In China, a man would send 99 or 999 roses to his lover with the wishes that the love between them will be long lasting. What’s more, Chinese think that the number 2 is lucky as it’s said that “all good things come in pairs”. For example, during wedding celebrations (婚礼庆典), you usually find pairs of red candles, double pillows and many other things in pairs. And people often give gifts in pairs for someone’s birthday, wedding or other celebrations. So what’s an unlucky number in China? It might be 4. Many Chinese people see 4 as an unlucky number because it sounds similar to the Chinese word “die”. Because of this, many buildings don’t have the fourth floor, and just call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip (跳过) all floors with the numbered 4, such as 4, 14, 24, 34 and all 40-49 floors. So, a building whose highest floor is 50 may have only 36 floors in fact. 6．From the article, we can learn that some people would pay much more money for ________. A．the phone numbers with 8s B．the Summer Olympic Games C．the emperors’ robes D．the wedding celebrations 7．Why would a man like to send 99 roses to his lover? A．Because he thinks that women love roses the best. B．Because the number 9 has a connection to the emperors of China. C．Because he hopes that he will be in love with the woman for a long time. D．Because he wishes that he will have lots of children with the woman in the future. 8．What can we learn from the article? A．The shape of a word makes Chinese think that a word is lucky or unlucky. B．The Beijing Olympic Games opened at 8:00 p. m. on August 8, 2008. C．Chinese like to give gifts in pairs. D．Roses mean long lasting in Chinese. 9．What is the article about? A．Numbers and old stories in China. B．Lucky and unlucky numbers in Chinese culture. C．Ways to find your lucky and unlucky numbers. D．Different meanings of numbers in different countries. 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．C 9．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化中的幸运数字和不吉利数字。 6．细节理解题。根据“Some people will even spend much more money to have 8s in their phone numbers.”可知，有些人甚至会花更多的钱在他们的电话号码有8。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“In China, a man would send 99 or 999 roses to his lover with the wishes that the love between them will be long lasting.”可知，在中国，男人会送99朵或999朵玫瑰给他的爱人，希望他们之间的爱情能天长地久。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“And people often give gifts in pairs for someone’s birthday, wedding or other celebrations.”可知，送礼时人们通常喜欢送成双成对的礼物，故选C。 9．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化中的幸运数字和不吉利数字。故选B。 （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期末）Everyone knows magic tricks are fun, but not enough people realize that math can be as well. Here is one of the most popular tricks to show you how amazing math can be. Firstly, pick a friend with good math skills. To play the trick, your friend needs to know how to add numbers and do subtraction (减法). Then, write down 1089 on a piece of paper without showing anyone. Thirdly, ask your friend to write down a number with three different digits (位数). Tell him not to show you the number. Make sure the three digits can not be the same. For example, he could pick 481. Next, let your friend write down the number backwards. For example, 481 backwards is 184. After that, make it into a subtraction problem. Now your friend has two numbers. Get him to subtract the smaller one from the larger one. In our example, the result should be 481-184＝297. If the result has only two digits, ask your friend to add a zero at the beginning. Next step, reverse this number as well. Ask your friend to take his answer and reverse the digits order again. If he added the zero at the beginning, remind him to include it as part of the number. For example, the reverse of 297 is 792. Here comes the most exciting part. As the final calculation, get your friend to add the last two numbers and write down the result. In our example, 792+297＝1089. Finally, tell everyone that you know the last number your friend wrote down. Show others the piece of paper with the 1089 you’ve written down earlier. In the trick, the last number will always be 1089. If your friend has a different answer, he did not follow instructions, or he made a mistake. 10．To play the trick, how many steps should you follow? ________ A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8. 11．If your friend got “99” after doing the subtraction, what did he need to do? ________ A．Go on with the other steps. B．Change the number into 099. C．Tell others the number he got. D．Choose another number to start again. 12．What’s the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 7 mean? ________ A．To get something inside out. B．To turn something upside down. C．To turn or move something to one side. D．To change the order of something around. 13．Which is the best name for the math trick? ________ A．The 481 trick B．The 2 numbers trick C．The 1089 trick D．The subtraction trick 【答案】10．D 11．B 12．B 13．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个数学魔术，需要朋友进行一系列数字操作，最终得到的结果总是1089。通过这个魔术，展示了数学也可以很有趣。 10．细节理解题。根据“Firstly. . . Then. . . Thirdly. . . Next. . . After that. . . Next step…Here comes the most exciting part…Finally”可知，要遵循8步。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据“If the result has only two digits, ask your friend to add a zero at the beginning.”可知，如果你的朋友做了减法后得到“99”，这是一个两位数，应该在两位数的开头加一个零，变成099。故选B。 12．词义猜测题。根据“For example, the reverse of 297 is 792.”可知，297倒过来后是792，所以划线单词表示让某物的顺序颠倒过来。故选B。 13．标题归纳题。根据“In the trick, the last number will always be 1089. If your friend has a different answer, he did not follow instructions, or he made a mistake.”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了1089戏法。故选C。 （23-24八年级上·广东广州·期中）Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2, 500 years ago, people in Rome used their bands to count. In Roman numerals, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, IV, V, VI, VⅡ, VⅢ, IX, X’ ” Also, “L” means fifty, “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 14．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? ________ A．5. B．Ⅳ. C．Ⅴ. D．Ⅹ. 15．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? ________ A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 16．What do we know about Arabic numerals? ________ A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 17．In what order did the following things happen? ________ a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe. d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b—c—a—d B．b—a—c—d C．d—b—a—c D．d—c—b—a 【答案】14．C 15．D 16．D 17．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗马数字及阿拉伯数字的特点和发展。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ’ ”可知，如果你想说5，你可以把四个手指放在一边，大拇指放在另一边。故选C。 15．词句猜测题。结合上文和“But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see”以及“on some watches and clocks”可知，罗马数字难写难算，今天已近很少人使用了，但是我们仍然能在手表和时钟里看到罗马数字，故此处的“them”指的是罗马数字。故选D。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you know the numbers 0-9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numbers”可知，“0”在阿拉伯数字中是“零”的意思。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals...people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot”可知，印度人首先创造并使用阿拉伯数字。在8世纪晚期，阿拉伯国家的人们知道了它们。然后阿拉伯人把它们带到了欧洲。所以欧洲人称它们为阿拉伯数字。今天，世界各地的人们都在使用阿拉伯数字。故选B。 （23-24八年级上·广东深圳·期中）How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first language? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true. People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people begin counting with their first finger. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand. Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. For example, the aboriginal (土著居民), people in Australia don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have words for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. Similarly, people of the Piraha tribe (部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees”, “more trees” or “many trees”. Professor Edward Gibson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count. “But here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.” 18．Why does the writer list the four questions at the beginning of the passage? A．To make a survey. B．To interest the readers. C．To give examples. D．To interview the readers. 19．What can we learn according to paragraph 2? A．People from China can make use of different finger positions to do the counting. B．People from the US usually begin counting with their thumb. C．People from China count much faster than people from the US. D．People from the US use only one hand to count from one to ten. 20．Which of the following is TRUE about aboriginal Australians? A．There are ideas of numbers in their life. B．There is no “some trees” in their language. C．They have only a few words for numbers. D．They have hand movements to stand for numbers. 21．The study of the Piranha tribe shows that ________. A．people all over the world know how to count B．people of the tribe have words for number C．some groups of people are not smart enough to count D．counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe 22．What is the main idea of the passage? A．People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math. B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans. C．In some aboriginal culture, people don’t even know how to count. D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers. 【答案】18．B 19．A 20．A 21．D 22．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了不同的国家关于数字的文化是不尽相同的，告诉我们在某些文化中，人们不需要数字。 18．推理判断题。根据“Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.”可知，作者通过使用四个问题是来引出本文的主题，主要是吸引读者的兴趣，故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“In China, people count by using different finger positions.”可知，在中国，人们用不同的手指位置来计数，故选A。 20．细节理解题。根据“However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.”可知，土著澳大利亚人的生活中有不同的数字观点，故选A。 21．细节理解题。根据“They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.”可知，他们可以学数数，但是在他们的文化里，那是没用的，所以他们也不学，故选D。 22．主旨大意题。根据“Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers.”及全文内容可知，本文作者给我们介绍的是数字和数学，不同的文化有不同的观点，故选A。 （21-22八年级上·广东广州·期中）The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the time when the European number system was created. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes, 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Therefore, there were two important numbers in this system. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot. The Mayan system used two symbols（符号）. A dot （.）was used to mean the units（one to four）and a dash（—）meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing（or zero）. The most common symbol was that of a shell（）but there were several other symbols（e.g. ahead）. It is interesting to learn that with all of the great experts on Maths and scientists in ancient Greece and Rome, it was the Mayan Indians who came up with this symbol zero or nothing. Picture 1 is a form of different numbers and how they would have been written. From further study, people found that the 360 day calendar（日历）also came from the Mayan. They actually used base 18 when they made the calendar. Each month included 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year which was month in itself, full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans had invented the 365 day calendar. 23．What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The European number system. B．The Mayan number system. C．The Arabic number system. D．The wreck number system. 24．Which of the following symbols means sixteen? A． B． C． D． 25．What can we learn from the article? A．The Mayan number system had a base 10. B．All number systems had the same symbols. C．There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. D．The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. 26．The article is probably from _________. A．a diary B．an encyclopedia C．a travel guide D．a computer magazine 【答案】23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 【导语】本文介绍了玛雅数字系统，欧洲数字系统，阿拉伯数字系统的不同表示方式，重点介绍了玛雅数字系统。 23．词义猜测题。根据“The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the time when the European number system was created. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10”可知，玛雅数字系统不同于以10为基数的阿拉伯数字系统，所以it指代“玛雅数字系统”，故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据“A dot（.）was used to mean the units（one to four）and a dash（—）meant five.”以及所给的图片可推断，16就是用三个（—）和一个（.）构成，故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据“The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing（or zero）”可知，玛雅人也是最早创造“无”（或“零”）符号的人，故选D。 26．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了数字系统，会出现在百科书上，故选B。 （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）Big data (数 据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of patterns in the data. Big data includes information collected from many sources (来源), such as information from schools, social media site, companies and governments. One set of data may include people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so they can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong yet. How can big data be used both for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs are written by people. How people think will decide how they use the date. People think in a certain way and they build models based on their ideas. These models will decide how computer programs look at the data. Good ideas are helpful for people and businesses while bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. 27．What kind of information may be included in big data? ① people’s names    ② people’s addresses    ③ people’s hobbies ④ people’s schools        ⑤ people’s shopping habits    ⑥ people’s travelling habits A．①②③ B．①②③④ C．①②③⑤⑥ D．①②③④⑤⑥ 28．How does the writer show his ideas in Paragraph 2? A．By showing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By making comparisons. 29．What does the underlined “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Students at school B．Students who need more help than others C．Teachers who give support to students D．Children who succeed in school 30．Why can big data be used for both good and bad reasons? A．Because big data can help take care of babies as well as predict who is going to hurt others. B．Because some programs are good for people while some are bad. C．Because the information included in big data comes from different places. D．Because the people who write computer programs have different ways of thinking. 31．What is the best title for the passage? A．Big data, good or bad? B．Facts about big data C．Big data—best helper D．People behind big data 【答案】27．D 28．B 29．B 30．D 31．B 【分析】本文主要介绍了大数据就是将很多信息放在一起，可以供计算机程序使用。短文中列举了很多使用大数据的方式，既有好的方面，也有不好的。 27．细节理解题。根据“One set of data may include people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer”以及第二段可知，包括人们的姓名和地址，人们喜欢什么，他们在哪里上学，他们在电脑上花了多少时间，还有购物和旅游爱好，故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据“For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream”可知，通过举例的方式来表达作者的观点，故选B。 29．词义猜测题。根据“The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so they can succeed in school.”可知，老师可以给某些学生更多的帮助或支持，这样他们就能在学校取得成功，所以they指代“需要更多帮助的那些学生”，故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据“How can big data be used both for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs are written by people”可知，因为编写计算机程序的人有不同的思维方式，故选D。 31．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了大数据的概念及大数据的使用，也列举了大数据的方式，既有好的方面，也有不好的，所以B选项“关于大数据的事实”符合本文标题，故选B。 （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）Do you know the numbers 0-9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2,500 years ago, people in Rome used their bands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have then. So in Rome, the numbers are “I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X”. Also, “L” means fifty, “C” means one hundred, “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. 32．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? A．5. B．IV. C．V. D．X. 33．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. 34．What do we know about Arabic numerals? A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. 35．In what order did the following things happen? a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe.   d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b-c-a-d B．b-a-c-d C．d-b-a-c D．d-c-b-a 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文介绍了罗马数字及阿拉伯数字的特点和发展。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have then. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X’.”可知，罗马数字中V表示“5”。故选C。 33．词义猜测题。结合上文和“But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks”可知，罗马数字难写难算，今天已近很少人使用了，但是我们仍然能在手表和时钟里看到罗马数字，故此处的“them”指的是罗马数字。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you know the numbers 0-9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numerals”可知，“0”在阿拉伯数字中是“零”的意思。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段“Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals....Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot”可知，印度人首先创造并使用阿拉伯数字。在8世纪晚期，阿拉伯国家的人们知道了它们。然后阿拉伯人把它们带到了欧洲。所以欧洲人称它们为阿拉伯数字。今天，世界各地的人们都在使用阿拉伯数字。所以排序是b-a-c-d，故选B。 （21-22八年级上·广东广州·期中）If seems very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them. You have four dollars. But do you know it took men millions of years to be able to think this way? In fact, one of the most difficult things to teach children is the idea of numbers. In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system of numbers to use. He put a stone into a bag for each animal. The more animals, the more stones be had. It may explain why the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus”. “Calculus” means “stone”. Then, man used lines to count. People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number. Later on, people used fingers. Again, we have the word that goes back to this. The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers. The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during 8th to 11th century by Arab traders (商人). In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. and 0. It is decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10. 36．How many ways of counting things are introduced to us in the passage? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 37．If A and B each drew four lines to count their own sheep, how many sheep did they have together? A．Four B．Six C．Bight D．Ten 38．Why do people use 10 in the system of numbers? A．Because 10 is a popular number. B．Because we only have 10 fingers. C．Because we have no word to tell the number. D．Because we have no system of numbers to use. 39．What does “decimal system” mean in the last paragraph? A．数字系统 B．计算工具 C．十进制 D．小数点 40．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Numbers and trading B．Ways of counting in Modern Times C．Animals and calculating D．Development of counting System 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】本文主要介绍从古代到现在用数字表示东西多少的演变过程，我们今天使用的数字系统是印度几千年前发明的，它是十进制。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He put a stone into a bag for each animal.(他为每只动物在袋子里放了一块石头)”，第三段中的“Then, man used lines to count.(然后，人类用线数数)”，第四段中的“Later on, people used fingers.(后来人们用手指)”和最后一段“The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago(我们今天使用的记数法是几千年前印度人发明的)”可知，文章共介绍了四种计数方法，故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据“People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count(人们只需为他们想要计数的每一件事划一条线)可知，如果A和B各自画四条线来计算自己的羊，他们一共有八只羊，故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers(事实上我们有10个手指，这导致了在计数法里10的使用)”可知，计数法里使用10是因为我们只有10个手指，故选B。 39．词义猜测题。根据划线语句“In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. and 0. It is decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10.(在这个系统中，人们用10个数字来计算事物:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.和0。它是十进制系统，即以10为基础)可知，最后一段中的“decimal system”是“十进制”意思，故选C。 40．标题猜测题。根据第二段中的“In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system of numbers to use.(在古代，当一个人想知道他拥有多少动物时，他没有数字系统)最后一段中的“The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during 8th to 11th century by Arab traders (商人).(我们今天使用的数字系统是数千年前印度的印度教徒发明的，并在8世纪至11世纪由阿拉伯商人带到欧洲)可知，我们今天使用的数字系统是由印度人发明的，因此标题可以是计数系统的发展，故选D。 二、完形填空 （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many people may be crazy about numbers. They think that numbers have something to do with 41 . Western people think the number “13” is 42 . In some parts of the world, buildings don’t have the thirteenth floor. People go from the twelfth to the 43 directly (直接地). In many countries, 44 don’t include “13” in their room numbers. Many tourists cannot find Room 13 when they stay there! In some parts of China, the number “4” could be unlucky because the word “four” sounds similar to “death” in Chinese. So Chinese 45 give gifts of four toys, four boxes of chocolate or four of anything. Meanwhile, “ 46 ” and “eight” are lucky numbers in China. Chinese people see dates that include these two lucky numbers as lucky days. They like to hold important events on these lucky days. For example, the Beijing Olympic Games opened at 8:08 on 47 8, 2008. Many Chinese people try their best to choose a telephone number with “8” or “6” in it. And these numbers usually cost 48 money in China. Bulgarians, however, do not 49 phone numbers with “8” as the owners of phone number “08888-888-888” either died of cancer (癌症) or were killed. The same number can have 50 meanings in many cultures. Are you a big fan of numbers now? Do you believe that numbers can affect our lives? 41．A．truth B．luck C．happiness D．hope 42．A．interesting B．difficult C．unlucky D．lucky 43．A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．fortieth D．fourteenth 44．A．hotels B．clubs C．libraries D．schools 45．A．usually B．always C．sometimes D．seldom 46．A．six B．eight C．nine D．seven 47．A．August B．September C．October D．July 48．A．some B．less C．no D．more 49．A．understand B．know C．prefer D．have 50．A．special B．less C．different D．same 【答案】 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．A 48．D 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同地区的幸运数字和不幸数字，以及相同的数字在不同文化中意义不同。 41．句意：他们认为数字和幸运相关。 truth事实；luck幸运；happiness幸福；hope希望。根据文章，在不同的地方人们认为有些数字是幸运的而有些事不幸的，因此是数字和幸运相关。故选B。 42．句意：西方人认为数字13是不幸的。 interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；unlucky不幸的；lucky幸运的。根据“In some parts of the world, buildings don’t have the thirteenth floor.”可知人们认为13是不幸的。故选C。 43．句意：人们直接从12楼到14楼。 thirteen十三；thirteenth第十三；fortieth第四十；fourteenth第十四。根据“In some parts of the world, buildings don’t have the thirteenth floor.”可知没有13楼，直接从12楼到14楼。故选D。 44．句意：在很多国家，酒店的房间号码不包含“13”。 hotels酒店；clubs俱乐部；libraries图书馆；schools学校。根据“Many tourists cannot find Room 13 when they stay there!”可知在酒店游客找不到13号房间。故选A。 45．句意：因此中国人几乎不会送四个玩具、四盒巧克力或四个任何东西的礼物。 usually通常；always总是；sometimes有时；seldom几乎不。根据“In some parts of China, the number “4” could be unlucky because the word “four” sounds similar to “death” in Chinese.”可知在中国数字“4”是不幸的，所以不会送四个礼物或东西。故选D。 46．句意：同时，6和8在中国是幸运的数字。 six六；eight八；nine九；seven七。根据“Many Chinese people try their best to choose a telephone number with 8 or 6 in it.”可知很多中国人认为数字6和8是幸运的数字。故选A。 47．句意：例如，北京奥林匹克运动会在2008年8月8日8点零8分开幕。 August八月；September九月；October十月；July七月。根据“Meanwhile...and eight are lucky numbers in China. ”可知该处是举例论证数字8是幸运数字也可根据常识知道。故选A。 48．句意：在中国这些数字通常要花更多的钱。 some一些；less更少；no没有；more更多。根据“Many Chinese people try their best to choose a telephone number with 8 or 6 in it.”可知更多的人想选择幸运数字作为电话号码，因此要花更多的钱。故选D。 49．句意：然而，保加利亚人没有带数字8的电话号码，因为电话号码08888-888-888的所有者也会死于癌症或被杀害。 understand理解；know了解；prefer更喜欢；have有。根据“as the owners of phone number “08888-888-888” either died of cancer (癌症) or were killed.”可知保加利亚人没有带数字8的电话号码。故选D。 50．句意：同一个数字在很多文化中有不同的意义。 special特殊的；less更少的；different不同的；same相同的。根据“Meanwhile...either died of cancer (癌症) or were killed.”可知相同的数字在不同的地方意义不同。故选C。 （22-23八年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。 Many people are superstitious(迷信的) about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and 51 numbers. The number 13 is often considered(被认为) unlucky. In 52 parts of the world, buildings don’t have the 53 floor. People go from the twelfth to the fourteenth 54 . Some door numbers are like that 55 . In Japan, the number 4 is considered unlucky because in Japan the word “four” is pronounced the same as the word “death”. The Japanese 56 give gifts of four knives, four napkins or four of anything. 57 are lucky numbers? 7 is a lucky number in many places, and 8 is considered a lucky number both in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open 58 August 8, and many couples get married at 8: 08 on August 8. Some people 59 lucky numbers very deeply. They would like to get a telephone number with “8” or “6” in it, although it 60 them much more money. They think that the lucky numbers can really bring them good luck, and, at least no evidence(证据) says they can not. 51．A．true B．bad C．wise D．unlucky 52．A．every B．any C．some D．all 53．A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．thirty D．thirtieth 54．A．amount B．number C．room D．floor 55．A．as well B．and so on C．for example D．as though 56．A．usually B．always C．sometimes D．never 57．A．What B．Why C．When D．How many 58．A．in B．with C．at D．on 59．A．realize B．discuss C．believe D．promise 60．A．costs B．spends C．pays D．takes 【答案】 51．D 52．C 53．B 54．D 55．A 56．D 57．A 58．D 59．C 60．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了各个国家的人们认为哪些数字是幸运的，哪些是不幸运的。 51．句意：他们认为有幸运数字和不幸运数字。 true真实的；bad坏的；wise明智的；unlucky不幸运的。根据“there are lucky numbers and…numbers”可知，有幸运数字和不幸运的数字。故选D。 52．句意：在世界上的一些地方，建筑物没有第十三层。 every每个；any任何；some一些；all所有。根据“The number 13 is often considered(被认为) unlucky.”可知，13在一些地方被认为是不幸运的。故选C。 53．句意：在世界上的一些地方，建筑物没有第十三层。 thirteen十三；thirteenth第十三；thirty三十；thirtieth第三十。根据“People go from the twelfth to the fourteenth…”可知，一些地方没有第十三楼，the+序数词+名词单数。故选B。 54．句意：人们从十二楼上到十四楼。 amount数量；number数字；room房间；floor楼层。根据“buildings don’t have the…floor”可知，是从12楼到14楼。故选D。 55．句意：有些门牌也是这样的。 as well也；and so on等等；for example例如；as though好像。根据“Some door numbers are like that”可知，一些门牌号与层楼这个例子也一样。故选A。 56．句意：日本人从不赠送四把刀、四张餐巾纸或任何四个的东西。 usually通常；always总是；sometimes有时；never从不。根据“In Japan, the number 4 is considered unlucky”可知，日本人认为数字4不幸运，所以从不送四个的礼物。故选D。 57．句意：幸运数字是什么？ What什么；Why为什么；When什么时候；How many多少。根据“7 is a lucky number”可知，提问幸运数字是什么。故选A。 58．句意：在中国，商家通常在8月8日开门营业，许多夫妻在8月8日8: 08结婚。 in在年、月、季节等；with和；at在某时刻；on在具体某一天。“August 8”具体到8号这天，介词用on。故选D。 59．句意：有些人非常相信幸运数字。 realize意识到；discuss讨论；believe相信；promise承诺。根据“They would like to get a telephone number with ‘8’ or ‘6’ in it”可知，一些人十分相信幸运数字。故选C。 60．句意：他们想得到一个带有“8”或“6”的电话号码，尽管这要花他们更多的钱。 costs花费，主语是物；spends花费，主语是人；pays支付，主语是人；takes花费，通常用形式主语it。主语“it”指代买电话号这件事，“花费”用costs。故选A。 （22-23八年级上·广东江门·期中）In some foreign countries, some people do not like the number 13. They don’t think 13 is a 61 number. For example, they don’t like to live on the thirteenth 62 . My friend Jack has got the 63 idea. He doesn’t like the number 13, either. One day, he invited some friends to have 64 . It was 7:00 pm, when all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit around the table. He began to 65 the people in his mind while they were having the delicious food. Suddenly he 66 ,“Oh, there are thirteen people here!” Everybody’s face turned white except Mr. Brown. He said slowly 67 a smile on his face, “Don’t 68 , my dear friends! We have fourteen people here. My wife Mrs. Brown will have a 69 in a few weeks. She is in the family way (怀孕) now.” All of them became happy again. “Congratulations!” they said to Mrs. And Mr. Brown. They enjoyed the nice food and 70 that evening. 61．A．good B．bad C．lucky D．unlucky 62．A．floor B．room C．bed D．day 63．A．different B．same C．good D．bad 64．A．breakfast B．lunch C．dinner D．a party 65．A．read B．count C．think D．call 66．A．said B．spoke C．told D．talked 67．A．with B．without C．had D．no 68．A．shout B．worry C．cry D．do that 69．A．baby B．boy C．girl D．child 70．A．played well B．danced well C．sang well D．enjoyed themselves 【答案】 61．C 62．A 63．B 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．A 68．B 69．A 70．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了在国外，有些人不喜欢数字13，他们认为13不是一个幸运数字。 61．句意：他们认为13不是一个幸运数字。 good好的；bad坏的；lucky幸运的；unlucky不幸的。根据“For example, they don’t like to live on the thirteenth”可知，13不是一个幸运数字。故选C。 62．句意：例如，他们不喜欢住在十三楼。 floor地板；room房间；bed床；day天。根据“live on the thirteenth”可知，住在十三楼。故选A。 63．句意：我的朋友杰克也有同样的想法。 different不同的；same相同的；good好的；bad坏的。根据“He doesn’t like the number 13, either.”可知，杰克也认为13不是一个幸运数字。故选B。 64．句意：一天，他邀请了一些朋友共进晚餐。 breakfast早饭；lunch午饭；dinner晚饭；a party聚会。根据“It was 7:00 pm, when all of his friends arrived”可知，他邀请了一些朋友共进晚餐。故选C。 65．句意：当人们吃着美味的食物时，他开始在脑海中数着他们。 read读；count数数；think认为；call打电话。根据“Oh, there are thirteen people here!”可知，他在脑海中数人数。故选B。 66．句意：突然他说：“哦，这里有十三个人！” said说；spoke讲话；told告诉；talked谈论。根据“Oh, there are thirteen people here!”可知此处应是他说的话，故选A。 67．句意：他慢慢地笑着说：“亲爱的朋友们，别担心！” with有；without没有；had有；no不。with a smile on his face“面带微笑”，故选A。 68．句意：他慢慢地笑着说：“亲爱的朋友们，别担心！” shout喊叫；worry担心；cry哭；do that做那些。根据“Everybody’s face turned white”可知，他告诉朋友们不要担心，故选B。 69．句意：我的妻子布朗太太几周后就要生孩子了。 baby婴儿；boy男孩；girl女孩；child小孩。根据“She is in the family way (怀孕) now.”可知，布朗太太怀孕了，故选A。 70．句意：那天晚上他们吃得很好，玩得很开心。 played well玩得好；danced well跳得好；sang well唱得好；enjoyed themselves玩得开心。根据“All of them became happy again.”可知，朋友们玩得很开心。故选D。 （22-23八年级上·广东茂名·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Every country has its own customs. Do you want to know something about English customs? England is a great 71 with a long history. There are many different customs in England. As we know, a 72 age is her secret. So you mustn’t ask a woman 73 she is. When you go out on a 74 day in England, you may see many people taking umbrellas with them. Don’t laugh at them. In England, the weather changes very quickly. 75 it’s sunny now, it may rain soon. When you get a present from your friend, you must 76 it at once and say 77 to him or her. In England and many other western countries, 78 is an unlucky number, so there is no Room13, Class13, Number13 and so on. In England, you must 79 on the left of the road. So you see, you can do 80 in China, but you can’t do it in England! Do remember these customs if you have a chance to visit England. 71．A．village B．town C．city D．country 72．A．man’s B．woman’s C．boy’s D．girl’s 73．A．how tall B．how big C．how old D．how nice 74．A．sunny B．rainy C．windy D．snowy 75．A．But B．Although C．And D．However 76．A．open B．sell C．collect D．hide 77．A．sorry B．thanks C．hello D．goodbye 78．A．12 B．13 C．14 D．15 79．A．park B．train C．land D．drive 80．A．none B．anything C．something D．nothing 【答案】 71．D 72．B 73．C 74．A 75．B 76．A 77．B 78．B 79．D 80．C 【导语】本文介绍了英国的一些习俗。 71．句意：英国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。 village村庄；town城镇；city城市；country农村。由前文“Every country has its own customs”知，英国是一个历史悠久的国家，故选D。 72．句意：我们都知道，女人的年龄是她的秘密。 man’s男人的；woman’s女人的；boy’s男孩的；girl’s女孩的。由句中“So you mustn’t ask a woman”知，此句是说女人的年龄是她的秘密，故选B。 73．句意：所以你不能问一个女人多大了。 how tall多高；how big多大，指大小；how old多大，指年龄；how nice多好。由前句中“age”知，此句是问年龄，故选C。 74．句意：当你在英国阳光明媚的日子外出时，你可能会看到许多人带着雨伞。 sunny晴朗的；rainy有雨的；windy有风的；snowy有雪的。由下文“it’s sunny now, it may rain soon”知，此句是说在晴天出门时，会看到很多人带伞，故选A。 75．句意：虽然现在是晴天，但可能很快就会下雨。 But但是；Although虽然，尽管；And和，又；However然而。由前句“In England, the weather changes very quickly”知，此句是说虽然现在是晴天，但可能很快会下雨，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选B。 76．句意：当你从朋友那里得到礼物时，你必须马上打开并说谢谢他或她。 open打开；sell卖；collect收集；hide隐藏。由句中“must...it at once”知，此句是说马上打开它，故选A。 77．句意：当你从朋友那里得到礼物时，你必须马上打开并说谢谢他或她。 sorry抱歉；thanks谢谢；hello问候；goodbye再见。由“When you get a present from your friend”及常识知，收到礼物要表示感谢，故选B。 78．句意：在英国和许多其他西方国家，13是一个不吉利的数字，所以没有房间13，班级13，数字13等。 12数词；13数词；14数词；15数词。由“so there is no Room13, Class13, Number13 and so on”知，此句是说在很多西方国家，13不是个吉利的数字，故选B。 79．句意：在英国，你必须靠左边开车。 park停车；train训练；land登陆；drive开车。由句中“on the left of the road”知，此句是说靠左开车，故选D。 80．句意：所以你看，你可以在中国做一些事情，但你不能在英国做！ none没有一个；anything某物，常用于疑问句或否定句；something某物，常用于肯定句；nothing无事，无物。由句中“but you can’ do it in England”知，此句是说你在中国可以做的一些事，在英国不可以，此句为肯定句，故选C。 （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）It seems very natural that if you have two dollars and someone gives you 81 more, you will have four dollars. But do you know it really took human beings a very long time to be able to think this way? In fact, one of the most 82 things to teach children is the idea of numbers. In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he 83 , he had no system of numbers to use. He put a 84 into a bag for each animal. The more animals owned, the more stones he had. It may explain 85 the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus”. “Calculus” means “stone”. Then, man used lines to count. People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they still had no 86 to tell the numbers, so they could not write the numbers down. Later on, people used fingers. Again, we have the word that 87 this. The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! The fact that we have 10 fingers 88 the use of 10 in the system of numbers. The Hindus in India 89 the number system we use today and Arab traders (商人) 90 it to Europe during the 8th to the 11th century. In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0. It is called decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10. 81．A．one B．two C．three D．four 82．A．difficult B．wonderful C．important D．intelligent 83．A．killed B．ate C．had D．included 84．A．line B．stone C．finger D．stick 85．A．what B．how C．why D．when 86．A．words B．names C．books D．pens 87．A．goes back to B．looks forward to C．talks about D．happens to 88．A．came from B．was close to C．led to D．was made up of 89．A．wrote B．made C．produced D．invented 90．A．introduced B．developed C．gave D．sold 【答案】 81．B 82．A 83．C 84．B 85．C 86．A 87．A 88．C 89．D 90．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了从古代到现在用数字表示东西多少的演变过程。 81．句意：很自然地，如果你有两美元，有人再给你两美元，你就有四美元。 one一个；two两个；three三个；four四个。根据“you have two dollars”及“you will have four dollars”可知，再额外得到两美元，就会有四美元，故选B。 82．句意：事实上，教给孩子们最困难的事情之一就是数字的概念。 difficult困难的；wonderful精彩的；important重要的；intelligent聪明的。根据“But do you know it really took human beings a very long time to be able to think this way”可知，人类花了很长时间才能以这种方式思考，所以教孩子们有数字的概念是困难的，故选A。 83．句意：在古代，当一个人想要说出他有多少动物时，他没有数字系统可以使用。 killed杀死；ate吃；had有；included包括。根据“how many animals he ”可知，他有多少只动物，故选C。 84．句意：他为每只动物放了一块石头到袋子里。 line线；stone石头；finger手指；stick棍子。根据“The more animals owned, the more stones he had”可知，放了一块石头到袋子里，故选B。 85．句意：这也许可以解释为什么“calculate”一词来自拉丁语“calculus”。 what什么；how怎样；why为什么；when何时。根据“It may explain … the word ‘calculate’ comes from the Latin word ‘calculus’”可知，解释为什么“calculate”一词来自拉丁语“calculus”，故选C。 86．句意：但是他们仍然没有词来描述这些数字，所以他们不能把数字写下来。 words词语；names名字；books书；pens钢笔。根据“People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count”可知，为每一件他们想数的东西画一条线，是因为他们没有词来描述这些数字，故选A。 87．句意：再一次，我们有一个词可以追溯到这个。 goes back to追溯到；looks forward to期待；talks about谈论；happens to发生。根据“Again, we have the word that … this”可知，这个词可以追溯到数字的概念，故选A。 88．句意：我们有10个手指的事实引起了10在数字系统中的使用。 came from来自；was close to离……近；led to引起；was made up of由……组成。根据“The fact that we have 10 fingers … the use of 10 in the system of numbers”可知，10个手指引起了10在数字系统中的使用，故选C。 89．句意：印度的印度教徒发明了我们今天使用的数字系统，阿拉伯商人在8世纪至11世纪将它引入欧洲。 wrote写；made制造；produced生产；invented发明。根据“The Hindus in India… the number system”可知，印度教徒发明了数字系统，故选D。 90．句意：印度的印度教徒发明了我们今天使用的数字系统，阿拉伯商人在8世纪至11世纪将它引入欧洲。 introduced引进；developed发展；gave给；sold卖。根据“Arab traders (商人) … it to Europe”可知，阿拉伯商人将它引入欧洲，故选A。 （23-24八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期末）Numbers in different countries may have different meanings. In China, some people think that some numbers bring them 91 . Take “8” for example, the Chinese pronunciation of the number “8” has almost the 92 sound as that of the Chinese character “发[fa:]”, which means making a fortune (财富). So, many Chinese people spend a lot of 93 getting their telephone numbers or car numbers to include this number “8”. They believe without any doubt that the number will bring them money. 94 , others don’t believe that numbers have anything to do with good luck. They think such an idea is only an ignorant (愚昧的) and superstitious(迷信的) belief. A number is one thing, and good luck is 95 . They will ask, “ 96 can you ever have any good luck simply because of some lucky numbers, even if you don’t work hard, don’t have good opportunities and don’t 97 the people around you?” As for me, I 98 with the latter (后者). Clearly, lucky numbers are only a kind of superstition (迷信). Perhaps it holds true for some cases, but often it does not. Numbers can never bring good luck to a person at all and our fortune is in our own 99 . So, everyone can have a good fortune only if he tries his best. Let’s always 100 “Opportunities are only for the prepared mind” and “No pains, no gains”. 91．A．good luck B．bad luck C．failure D．success 92．A．different B．same C．similar D．right 93．A．time B．money C．things D．energy 94．A．However B．What’s more C．At last D．Finally 95．A．other B．the other C．others D．another 96．A．How B．What C．Why D．When 97．A．depend on B．keep in touch with C．get along well with D．play well with 98．A．agree B．disagree C．dislike D．like 99．A．thought B．mind C．hands D．heart 100．A．think B．learn C．remember D．say 【答案】 91．A 92．B 93．B 94．A 95．D 96．A 97．C 98．A 99．C 100．C 【导语】本文说的是数字与好运的关系，数字在不同的国家有不用的意义，在中国，有人认为某些数字能给人带来好运，而有人并不这样认为。文章举例说明了这个问题。 91．句意：在中国，有些人认为某些数字能给他们带来好运。 good luck好运；bad luck坏运；failure失败；success成功。根据下文“Take “8” for example, the Chinese pronunciation of the number ‘8’ has almost the...sound as that of the Chinese character ‘发[fa:]’, which means making a fortune (财富).”可知，此处指“好运”。故选A。 92．句意：以数字8为例，有些人认为它和“发”几乎同音，意思是发财。 different不同的；same相同的；similar相似的;；right正确的。根据“the Chinese pronunciation of the number ‘8’ has almost the...sound as that of the Chinese character ‘发[fa:]’”可知，两个字的发音几乎“相同”，故选B。 93．句意：因此很多中国人花费很多金钱购买含有这个数字“8”的电话号码或汽车号码。 time时间；money钱；things事情；energy能量。根据“getting their telephone numbers or car numbers to include this number ‘8’”可知，此处指花钱去买号码，其他选项不符合句意，故选B。 94．句意：然而，另外一些人并不相信数字跟好运有任何关系。 However然而；What’s more而且；At last最后；Finally最后。根据“others don’t believe that numbers have anything to do with good luck”可知，本句和上文在意思和语气上有转折关系，表示两种截然不同的观点，所以用However表转折，故选A。 95．句意：数字是一回事，好运是另一回事。 other别的，后面加名词复数；the other两者中另一个；others三者及以上另一个；another别的。根据句中的“one”可知，两个句子涉及“one...another...”，意思是“一个……另一个……”。故选D。 96．句意：他们会问：“你怎么可能仅仅因为一些幸运数字而有任何好运气，即使你不努力，没有好的机会，与周围的人相处不好？” How怎样；What什么；Why为什么；When什么时候。空格处为状语，且表示方式，故用How引导特殊疑问句，故选A。 97．句意：他们会问：“你怎么可能仅仅因为一些幸运数字而有任何好运气，即使你不努力，没有好的机会，与周围的人相处不好？” depend on依靠，取决于；keep in touch with保持联系；get along well with与……相处得好；play well with与……玩得好。根据“the people around you”可知，此处指“与周围人相处”，其他选项不符合句意，故选C。 98．句意：至于我，我同意后者。 agree同意；disagree不同意；dislike不喜欢；like喜欢。根据“Clearly, lucky numbers are only a kind of superstition (迷信).”及句中的“with”可知，此处是agree with“同意”。故选A。 99．句意：数字根本不能给人带来好运，并且我们的命运掌握在自己的手中。 thought想法；mind思想；hands手；heart心。根据“our fortune is in our own”可知，命运掌握在自己手中，其他选项不符合句意，故选C。 100．句意：让我们永远记住“机会只属于有准备的头脑”和“没有痛苦，就没有收获”。 think认为；learn学习；remember记得；say说。根据“Let’s always”可知，此处指“永远记得”，其他选项不符合句意，故选C。 （22-23八年级上·辽宁铁岭·期末）It’s a summer morning in 2040. The Internet is all around you. All the things you’re about to do appear according to the data streams (数据流) flying across the 101 . Cars and buses adjust (调节) 102 numbers and ways according to the data streams, too. Buying your kids wonderful birthday gifts is 103 and quick in 2040. It is because your data will quickly tell you the best shopping service. And it will be just what your 104 want. Best of all, doctors will have an easy way to check (检查) your medical history because of the data. It 105 good, doesn’t it? In the future, data will 106 most of things. This 107 is from a person and he created the web. Last month in London, he said that one day we might also have much greater ownership (所有物) over the data. “I would like us to 108 a world. In the world, I would have my own data,” he said. “We’ll be able to write apps. They can take data 109 all different parts of my life, my friends’ lives and my family’s lives.” We never know what will happen in the future, but the world wide web in 2040 promises to be different. We can be 110 of one thing: we will do our best to make it come true. 101．A．computer B．Internet C．robot D．place 102．A．her B．its C．our D．their 103．A．easy B．difficult C．slow D．cheap 104．A．parents B．kids C．father D．brothers 105．A．hears B．looks C．tastes D．sounds 106．A．decide B．lose C．act D．stand 107．A．promise B．book C．idea D．news 108．A．build B．improve C．agree D．plant 109．A．at B．on C．in D．from 110．A．dangerous B．ready C．sure D．possible 【答案】 101．B 102．D 103．A 104．B 105．D 106．A 107．C 108．A 109．D 110．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了在未来，我们所做的事情都是根据互联网上的数据流来做的。 101．句意：你要做的所有事情都会根据互联网上的数据流出现。 computer电脑；Internet互联网；robot机器人；place地方。根据“The Internet is all around you.”可知，此处指会根据互联网上的数据流出现。故选B。 102．句意：汽车和公共汽车也会根据数据流调整它们的数量和路线。 her她的；its它的；our我们的；their他们的。根据“Cars and buses”可知，此处应指汽车和公共汽车会调整它们的数量和路线。故选D。 103．句意：在2040年，给你的孩子买一份精美的生日礼物变得简单快捷。 easy简单的；difficult困难的；slow慢的；cheap便宜的。根据“It is because your data will quickly tell you the best shopping service.”可知，此处应指2040年，给孩子买一份精美的生日礼物变得简单。故选A。 104．句意：这正是你的孩子想要的。 parents父母；kids孩子；father父亲；brothers兄弟。根据上文“Buying your kids wonderful birthday gifts”可知，此处应指这正是孩子想要的。故选B。 105．句意：听起来不错，不是吗？ hears听见；looks看起来；tastes尝起来；sounds听起来。根据“Best of all, doctors will have an easy way to check (检查) your medical history because of the data.”可知，此处应指听起来不错。故选D。 106．句意：在未来，数据将决定大多数事情。 decide决定；lose失去；act行动；stand站。根据“data will…most of things”可知，此处应指数据会决定大多数事情。故选A。 107．句意：这个想法来自于一个人，他创造了网络。 promise承诺；book书；idea想法；news消息。根据“This…is from a person and he created the web.”可知，此处指这些想法来自于一个人。故选C。 108．句意：“我想让我们一起建立一个世界。在那个世界上，我会有我自己的数据” 他说。 build建立；improve提高；agree同意；plant种植。根据“I would like us to…a world.”可知，此处应指建立一个世界。故选A。 109．句意：“我们将能够编写应用程序。他们可以从我的生活、朋友的生活和家人的生活的各个方面获取数据。” at在；on在……上面；in在……里面；from从。根据“They can take data…all different parts of my life”可知，此处应指从各个方面获取数据。故选D。 110．句意：我们可以肯定一件事：我们将尽最大努力使之成为现实。 dangerous危险的；ready准备好的；sure确定的；possible可能的。根据“we will do our best to make it come true.”可知，此处应指可以肯定。故选C。 14 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 13 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$