专题 1.1 名词(重温高考+考点精析+易错点聚焦+考点集训)-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

专题1.1 名词 2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 考向1 名词的数与格 考向 2 词形变换之名词 2. 考点精析 名词的核心考点 名词与其他词类的词性转化 3. 书面表达中名词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(名词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 1.重温高考真题 考向1 名词的数与格 单句语法填空 1. (2024·全国新课标 I卷) These plants included modern Western __________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 2. (2024·全国新课标 II卷)“Although they could never have met, there are common _______ (theme) in their works,” said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 favorites themes 3. (2024·全国甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend __ (to catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are _________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：它们是美国传统瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 4. (2023·全国 II) They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists. 【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这里指他们要接受多次采访。故用interviews。 treasures interviews 5. (2023·全国 乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that / which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural _________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：不过，尽管北京有许多古老的建筑，但它也是一个欢迎现代生活快速发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里指21世纪的很多奇迹和过去的历史建筑的比较。故用wonders。 6. (2022·全国 I) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ____________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 解析：考查名词单复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。 wonders populations 7. (2022·全国 II) “He saved my _______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. 【解析】考查名词所有格。设空处修饰后面的life，life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应使用名词所有格。故用son’s。 8. (2021·全国 I) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are. 【解析】考查名词单复数。human是可数名词，和其前的we是同位关系，故用其复数形式 humans。 son’s humans 9. (2020·全国 II) Also, technological know-how has become a requirement for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most ___________ (profession).  【解析】考查名词的数。profession意为“职业”，是可数名词。根据most可知，这里要用复数形式professions。 10. (2018·6 月浙江高考) Making Chinese _______ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 【解析】考查名词单复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式 dishes。 professions dishes 11. (2017·全国 I) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 【解析】side effect 副作用，由前面的 some 和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease 可知名词 effect 用复数形式 effects。 12. (2017·全国II ) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 【解析】crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，且和前面的people相对应，故应用复数形式。 effects crowds 13. (2017·全国Ⅲ) She has turned down several ___________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 【解析】several 几个，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。 14. (2017·浙江) Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. 【解析】a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots 几个胡萝卜。 carrots invitations 单句语法填空 1. (2024年1月浙江高考英语) Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the       (criticize) that they lead to waste. 【解析】考查词性转换。根据空白处前的定冠词 the 和空白处后的同位 语从句可知应填名词形式 criticism。 2. (2023·全国甲卷) However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty _________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 criticism 考向 2 词形变换之名词 warning 3. (2023·全国 II) Since June 2017, right before the ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 【解析】考查名词。设空处前有定冠词，后有介词of，因此应该用名词形式。故用arrival。 4. (2021·全国 II) A company ______________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【解析】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1,200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空做句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。 arrival representative 5. (2020·全国 I) The far side of the moon is of particular ______ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side. 【解析】考查名词形式。“be of + 抽象名词”是一个固定结构，常用做表语，相当于其形容词形式做表语。故用interest。 6. (2020·全国 II) Also, technological know-how has become a ____________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most professions.  【解析】考查名词。根据前面的冠词a可知，所填的词是单数可数名词。故用requirement。 interest requirement 7. (2019·全国卷I) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【解析】考查词性转换之名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填 belief。 8.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 【解析】考查词性转换之名词。由空格前的不定冠词 an与空格后的不定式 to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填 competition。 belief competition 9.(2019·浙江卷) Other American studies showed no ______________________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance. 【解析】考查词性转换之名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect 是动词,“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。 10.(2017·全国Ⅱ) This development was only possible with the _____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 【解析】空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce 的名词形式是 introduction。 11.(2017·全国Ⅲ) She is determined to carry on with her ___________ (educate). 【解析】形容词性物主代词 her 应该用来修饰名词，educate 的名词形式是 education。 connection/connections introduction education 2. 考点精析 框架结构图 名词 数 可数名词 不可数名词 分类 单数变复数的基本规则 单数名词 复数名词 格 构词法(后缀) 具有某种职业动作的人 具有抽象名词含义的词 名词的核心考点 1.可数名词的数 这里主要讲一些特殊名词及其不规则变化。 (1)单、复数同形。如: means, news, series, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, British, French, sheep, works (工厂)。 (2)合成或复合名词的复数。如： boyfriend→boyfriends; go-between→go-betweens (中间人), grown-up→grown-ups; passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on; woman teacher→women teachers commander-in-chief→commanders-in-chief。 (3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服”“工具”等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词 a/an，但可以用 a pair of/two pairs of, many 等修饰。如： clothes衣服，tights紧身裤，jeans牛仔裤，pajamas睡衣，pants (长裤子)，shorts 短裤，socks 短袜，stockings长袜，trousers 裤子，glasses 眼镜，chopsticks 筷子，compasses 圆规，pincers 钳子，scissors 剪刀，scales天平等； 另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an, a pair of 等修饰，只能用many, a great many, a lot of 等修饰。如：arms 武器，belongings 所有物，congratulations祝贺，contents 目录，earnings 收入，fireworks 烟火，goods商品，leavings 剩余物，pains辛劳，spirits 情绪，savings 积蓄，stairs 楼梯，surroundings 环境，wages 工资等。 (4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, family, cattle, police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如: There is a large crew on the aircraft carrier.航母上有大量船员（指整体)。 None of the passengers and crew were injured.没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤（指个体）。 His family are waiting for him to have dinner.他的家人正在等他吃晚饭。(把family看成家庭成员) I’ve got to make it clear to you that my family was not very wealthy. 我得和你说清楚，我的家不是很富有。(把family看成一个整体) 2.不可数名词的数 (1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下： ①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词） in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事 win success 获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事) win honour 赢得荣誉 an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事) failure 失败 a failure 一个(件)失败的人(事) by experience 靠经验 an experience 一次经历 with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 一件乐事 ②抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。 A knowledge of astronomy is essential to understanding the Earth. Would you spare a little time to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me? Some people argue that reading novels is nothing but a waste of time. Getting an apology from him was like getting blood from a stone. (2)有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如： some coffee 一些咖啡，a coffee 一杯咖啡，three coffees 三杯咖啡；some drink 一些饮料，a drink 一杯饮料，three drinks 三杯饮料；his hair 他的头发，a few grey hairs 几根白发；glass 玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。 3.名词所有格 (1)-’s所有格 the girl’s father, the children’s toys, the teachers’ textbooks, Lucy and Lily’s bedroom (共用)，Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms (各自的) (2)“of+名词”所有格 the roof of the building, the cover of the book, the name of the new plant, a portrait of my father (3)双重所有格 a friend of my brother’s (= one of my brother’s friends), a portrait of my father’s (= one of my father’s portraits) (4)-’s所有格的特殊表示形式有： ①用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Tom’s home, the doctor’s, the company’s new factory 等。 I had an appointment at the dentist’s and had my tooth checked. We stayed at my uncle’s yesterday evening. And it’s comfortable enough. ②用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today’s newspaper, five minutes’ walk (drive), five pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth of coffee。 You can learn about latest news from today’s newspaper or today’s website. ③用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：the world’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。 What can be ensured to feed the world’s population today? (5)所有格的句法功能 ①表所有关系 Mary’s brother The Gardners adopted the son of Mary’s brother, who died in the accident. ②表主谓关系 Mr. Zhang’s praise Today he received Mr. Zhang’s praise and felt very pleased. ③表动宾关系 the famous star’s admirers The audience in the big hall are the famous star’s admirers. ④表修饰关系 a doctor’s degree He got a doctor’s degree in Beijing University but later became a butcher. ⑤表同位关系（只用 of 所有格) the city of Beijing Many ancient buildings have been preserved in the city of Beijing. 4. 名词的功能 (1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语 Henry will greet you at the Tianhe International Airport. My father is a doctor while my mother a nurse at the same hospital. He finally bought a new dictionary in the newly-built bookshop. She studied very hard and we elected her monitor in the new term. (2)作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 ①分类意义 light pollution 光污染 coffee cup 咖啡杯 body language 身体语言 road accident 交通事故 the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 telephone number 电话号码 ②时间、地点、称呼等 Doctor Tom 汤姆医生 Professor Zhang 张教授 school affairs 学校事务 winter sleep 冬眠 ③表目的、来源、材料、所属意义 requiry office 问询处 sports shoes 运动鞋 Chinese lesson 语文课 color TV 彩电 (3)作状语 名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。 Another Olympics will be held in Paris next week. (4)作同位语 Wang Wei, our new manager, left the company for Shanghai last week. 名词与其他词类的词性转化 1.动词变名词的后缀 ①-al表示人，物，行为：(特殊：去e + -al) approve赞成→approval赞成 survive 幸存→survival 幸存 arrive到达→arrival到达 refuse拒绝→refusal拒绝 propose 提议→proposal 提议；建议 ②-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为: appear出现→appearance出现;外貌 perform 表演→performance 表演 exist 存在→existence 存在 prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱 refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅 depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠 differ区别；不同→difference不同 guide 指引→guidance 引导;指导 ③ -ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为; direct 指挥;指导→direction方向;指导 found建立→foundation基础 expect 期待→expectation 期待;期望 explain 解释→explanation 解释 invite 邀请→invitation 邀请;请柬 solve 解决→solution 解决 compete 竞争→competition 比赛;竞争 separate 分离→separation 分离 pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音 describe 描述→description 描写 repeat 重复→repetition 重复 consume 消费→consumption 消费 ④-s(s)ion表示行为或状态； discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论 tense 拉紧；绷紧→tension 紧张 comprehend 理解→comprehension 理解 decide 决定→decision 决定 admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入 divide分开→division分开 collide 碰撞→collision 碰撞(或相撞)事故 permit 允许→permission 允许 express 表达→expression 表达；短语 impress留下印象→impression 印象 ⑤-ing具有……(特征)的： hear 听→hearing听力；听觉 listen 听→listening听；听力 begin 开始→beginning 开始部分 write写→writing写作 ⑥-ment 表示行为、结果等：(去 e) argue争论→argument争论；论据 judge判断→judg(e)ment判断 ⑦-ure/-ture 表示行为或状态： fail 失败→failure失败 press 压；挤→pressure 压力 mix 混合→mixture 混合物 expose 暴露→exposure 面临；暴露 ⑧-y 表示……的动作(或过程)： recover 恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover 发现→discovery 发现 其他常见变化： choose 选择→choice 选择 vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种 tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势 urge→urgency grow 生长→growth 生长 warm温暖→warmth暖和 marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻 carry 搬→carriage 客车厢；运输 pack 收拾（行李)→package 包；盒 post 邮寄→postage 邮资;邮费 store 贮存→storage 贮存 2. 形容词变名词的后缀 ①-age 集合： short 短的→shortage 不足;短缺 use使用→usage 使用法，惯例，惯用法 ②-cy 表示性质、状态： fluent 流利→luency 流利；流畅 accurate 准确的→accuracy准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私 efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率 ③-dom 表示地位、状况等： free 自由的→freedom 自由 wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧 bore 厌烦→boredom 厌烦；乏味 king 国王→kingdom 王国 ④-ness 表示性质、状态： dark 黑的→darkness 黑暗 weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱 kind 友好的→kindness 善良 cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠 aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识 ⑤-th 表示结果、过程、性质、状态： warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 deep 深的→depth 深（度） strong 强壮的→strength 力量 long 长的→length 长度 wide 宽的→width 宽度 ⑥-y/-ity 表示性质或状态： difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难 honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实 safe 安全的→safety 安全 cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍 responsible 负责的→responsibility 责任 ⑦ent变为 ence，ant变为ance，nd变为nse: different不同的→difference不同(之处) silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静 patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心 absent 缺席的→absence 缺席 present 出席的→presence 出席 confident 自信的→confidence信心 convenient方便的→convenience便利 important重要的→importance重要(性) respond 回应→response 响应 defend 防御;保卫→defense/defence防御;保护 3.书面表达中名词易错点聚焦 1.书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏-s或-es (误) She said she’d like to make friend with all of us here. (正) She said she’d like to make friends with all of us here. (误) All the picture on display at the exhibition are of great value. (正) All the pictures on display at the exhibition are of great value. 2.部分名词的复数错误 如：familys, knifes, difficultys, pianoes, radioes, heros, woman doctors, tooths, childrens, medias。 3.部分词性易混作名词 动词误作名词 形容词误作名词 动词 名词 形容词 名词 succeed success honest honesty affect effect healthy health 4.可数与不可数名词混淆 不可数 可数 take action take measures some advice some suggestions take exercise eye exercises make progress make mistakes information contributions I.单句语法填空 1. Our level of __________ (attract) to the opposite sex has more to do with our inner confidence than how we look. 2. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the ________ (create) of wealth as the greatest possible good. 3. I have quite a bit of difficulties with English ______________ (pronounce) because it’s very different from Chinese. 4. This may have been an ____________ (improve), but “breakthrough” was an overstatement. 5. They have just returned from faraway places with wonderful _______ (story) to tell. 4.考点集训 attraction creation pronunciation improvement stories 6. I had to make a ________ (decide) to do what was best for me and my family - and although it has been hard I have not regretted it. 7. I knew nothing about the previous __________ (discuss), so I cannot tell you what was decided. 8. If you do something absolutely wrong, you deserve severe ____________ (punish). 9. I’m afraid we can’t come to attend your birthday party, but thanks for the __________ (invite) anyway. 10. Outside of the movie market, Shanghai Disney Resort has already hit over 11 million admissions in its first year, which exceeded (超出) Disney’s forecasts and ___________ (expect). decision discussion punishment invitation expectations Ⅱ.语法填空(名词专练) Since July 2019, China’s online food-________ (deliver) platform Eleme has carried out a new service of picking up garbage from its _______ in Shanghai. The service comes after a recently-released regulation on waste ____________ (manage) in Shanghai. ____________ (individual) who throw away their garbage without being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while __________ (company) and ______________ (organize) can face fines up to 50,000 yuan. The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort their own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins. It’s obvious that this service is convenient to the old, especially to the disabled customers. However, many ________ (netizen) on Sina Weibo don’t think Eleme is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants to make money. They think 12 yuan for _______ order is too much. Besides, many more _______ (person) doubt if these __________ (collect) will wash their hands after dealing with the trash. delivery management Individuals companies organizations netizens an collectors users people III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2023浙江1月) During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, __________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, __________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ______________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by _________ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic _______ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ____ culture of grassroots Beijingers. and originally surrounded were permitted featured spacious simpler as events the Thank you $$