Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Words and expressions 讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一Unit 3 Words and Expressions fitness n.健康,健壮,适合 fit adj. 适合的；健康的 vt. 适合 unfit adj. 不适合的 搭配: v. fit in/with... ①适合,适应；②与...合得来 adj. be fit for胜任；适合；合格 keep fit＝keep healthy＝stay healthy 保持健康 be fit to do sth. 适合做某事 fit in /with He fits in with the new surroundings. 他适应新的环境 He fits in with his peers. 他与他的同龄人合得来 In the past, people seem to think women are only fit for cooking and washing. event 比赛项目,大事 eventual adj.最后的,最终的 eventually adv. eventful adj.充满大事的,多变故的 an eventful day/week/year 多事之秋的一天/一周/一年 come along 跟随,到达,进步,赶快 拓展：与come相关的短语 come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;被理解;被弄懂 come across=run into=encounter =chance upon 偶遇 come about 发生(无被动) An accident came about come up (太阳)升起;发生;被提出 come up with 提出,想出;找到主意、解决方案 come over 过来,顺便拜访,来访 when it comes to… 当涉及...;当谈到... eg: A good plan came up at the meeting. host vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人 派生：hostess 女主人；女老板；女服务员 词缀： host hostess; actor actress; waiter waitress; prince princess make it 获得成功,准时到达 拓展：与make相关的短语: make it to 准时到达；赶上 make up for... 弥补... make one's way (to...) 去...，前往... make the most use of... 充分利用... be made of... 由...制造（从成品中能看出原料）; be made from... 由...制造（从制成品中看不出原料） make up ①编造 ②组成 ③化妆 ④和解 make out ①勉强看见;听出 ②理解;弄清 ③写出;开列 拓展：V+it: get it 明白 as sb. puts it 像某人所说的那样 athlete n. 运动员；运动健儿 master n. 高手；主人 vt. 精通；掌握 搭配： have a good master of ...　精通…… master’s degree 硕士学位 一词多义： ①It is clear that this painting is the work of a master. 高手 ②I find it very hard to master a foreign language. 精通；掌握 eg: To master Mandarin, you should practice with native speakers as much as possible. honour n.荣誉,尊敬,荣幸 派生：honorable adj.可敬的→ honored adj.受尊敬的 搭配： have the honour of doing/ to do sth 有幸做某事 in honour of/in one’s honour 向……表示敬意；为了纪念……=in memory of feel honoured to do sth＝feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸 It’s an honour to do sth. 做…是一件荣幸的事 be honoured as...  被尊称为…… 句式： It's my great honour to do sth = It's a great honour for me to do sth 我非常荣幸做某事 例句： It's a great honour for me to stand here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. championship n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号 拓展：-ship 表示关系，状态，身份地位； friend friendship； relation relationship member membership；leader leadership decide v.决定 decision n. 决定,决心 派生：determine v. 决定，控制 determination n. 决心，坚定 determined adj. 下定决心的，坚定的 搭配： determine to do sth. / be determined to do sth. 决定去做某事 determine on sth. 决定某事 with determination 坚决地 eg: Determined to succeed, he spared no efforts to do it. fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃 拓展：与fall相关的短语 fall behind落后于 fall ill生病 fall down (from) (从…) 跌倒/掉下来; fall off从···跌落 fall in love with sb./ lose one’s heart to 爱上某人 fall into the habit of…/develop the habit of 养成某种习惯 拓展：与apart相关的短语 take ... apart 拆开…… tell ... apart 把……区别开来 apart from 除……之外 injured adj.受伤的;有伤的 派生：injure vt.使受伤;损害 injury n.伤害;损伤 搭配：do sb. an injury / do an injury to sb. / give sb. an injury 伤害某人 get injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 (the＋adj.表一类人) eg：The injured were sent to hospital shortly after the accident. graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 grace + ful (adj.后缀，表示“充满，有”) hope + ful hopeful skill + ful skillful grate + ful grateful wonder + ful wonderful regret + ful regretful lose heart 丧失信心;泄气 搭配： learn sth. by heart 背诵,牢记 (keep sth. in mind) put one’s heart into 专心于 heart and soul 全心全意地,完全地 eg: We must serve the people heart and soul. It's up to sb. to do sth. 做某事由某人来决定 归纳： up to 多达…… be up to (doing)sth.      正在(做)……；从事于……；胜任做…… up to now      到目前为止 Sb/Sth seems/seemed + 不定式 看来…….; 好像…… 拓展：seem 常用句型： seem + (to be) + 表语 (adj.或n.或prep.) seem + to do It seems like…/ that-clause It seems as if / as though... There seems / seemed to be... track n. 跑道，足迹，铁路轨 v.跟踪=trace track and field田径运动 keep/lose track of 解/不了解...的情况；与....保持/失去联系 eg. They read the newspaper every day to keep track of the current events. strength n. 力量; 体力 派生：strong adj. 强壮的;强大的 strongly adv. 强烈地，坚决地 strengthen v. 加强; 变坚固 strengthen one’s body＝build up one’s body 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优缺点 -en加在部分形容词后面构成动词，有“成为”、“使……变成”等含义，如： shorten = short (短的) + en (使成)→ 使缩短 deepen = deep (深的) + en (使成)→ 加深 widen = wide (宽的) + en (使成) → 变宽 weaken = weak (弱的) + en (使成)→ 变弱 fasten = fast (紧的) + en (使成)→ 系牢 failure n. 失败; 失败的人(或事物) 可数，指“失败者，失败的事”； 不可数，指“失败” 派生：fail v. 失败; 未能;不及格;出故障 fail to do sth./ fail in doing sth. 未能成功做某事 As the old saying goes, failure is the mother of success. give up 放弃;投降 拓展：与give相关的短语: give in 屈服;投降;让步;上交(同hand in) give away 赠送;泄露;失去(机会等) give out 分发;用完,耗尽;筋疲力尽 give off释放;发出(光、热、气味等) eg: Don’t give in to the enemies. 不要向敌人屈服。 compete vi.竞争;对抗 派生： competition n.竞争;比赛;竞赛 competitor n.竞争者;对手 competitive adj.竞争的;好胜的 competence n.能力;技能搭配： 搭配： compete in..在…方面竞争; 参加……比赛 compete for...为·····而竞争 compete with/against sb. for sth. 因某事/物与某人竞争 compete to do sth 竞争做某事 in competition with与……竞争 make sense 有道理;合平情理; 表述清楚 搭配： make sense of 理解;明白(后跟宾语) make no sense 没道理;没意义 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/意义 拓展：与sense相关的短语 a sense of responsibility责任感 common sense 常识 in a sense / in one sense / in some senses 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不（【注意】置句首则部分倒装） pretend v. 假装; 装扮 搭配： pretend that＋从句 假装··· pretend to be假装是… pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth. 假装做了某事 The naughty boy pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. If you haven’t read the detail of the comment, please don’t pretend to have read it. 归纳拓展： 类似pretend后接to do/to be doing/to have done的动词还有： happen 碰巧；appear 看似；seem 似乎；claim 声称 eg: Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. diet n.规定饮食;日常饮食 v.节食 搭配： keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 be on a diet 控制饮食(表状态) go on a diet 控制饮食(表动作) cheat vi. 作弊；舞弊 vt. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段；骗子 搭配： get cheated 被骗 cheat sb. into (doing) sth. 哄骗/欺骗某人(做)某事 cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物（不带双宾语） 归纳：V+of： inform sb. of sth. 通知某人 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起 make a difference 有作用或影响 搭配： make no difference (to sb./sth.)(对某人/物)没作用或影响 make some difference (to sb./sth)(对某人/物)有些作用或影响 tell the difference between 分辨;区分;区别 eg: It's everyone's responsibility to protect the environment. If we can change our way of life, we can make a big difference to the earth. rather than 而不是 注意： (1) rather than是并列连词，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 (2) rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与其前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (3) rather than与would连用时，构成would rather ... than ... 结构，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。 eg: It is the time and energy we spend on the present that make it valuable rather than the money we pay. cut…out 停止做(或使用、食用); 剪下 拓展：与cut相关的短语: cut across 穿过某地(尤指抄近路) cut in插嘴 cut off中止;切断;使隔绝 cut up切碎 cut down砍倒(树木);削减 compare…with/to... 与…比较 派生： comparison n. 比校; 比拟 comparable adj. 可比的，可比较的；类似的，同类的 comparative n. （形容词或副词的）比较级；对手 搭配： compare ... to ...　 把……比喻为……(用于比喻，不同事物间的抽象比较) compared with/to ... 与……相比 (同类事物间的比较) eg: Compared with other great stadiums in our city, the sports ground in our school is no less gorgeous, with a standard football field and four advanced basketball courts. stress n.压力;紧张;重音 vt.强调;重读;使焦虑不安 派生： stressful adj. 压力大的;紧张的 stressed adj. 焦虑不安;心力交瘁 搭配： under stress在压力之下 put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力 lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物 stress the importance of... 强调·····的重要性 glory n.荣誉,光荣,赞美 派生：glorious adj.光荣的,荣耀的,壮丽的,辉煌的 a glorious chapter in our country’s history 我国历史上光辉的一页 lead v.领导,率领 派生：leader领导人 leadership 领导能力 搭配：lead to 导致 lead sb. to sth. 领导某人取得… lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$