专题07 阅读理解之说明文(湖北省中考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年中考英语常考语法点+题型练习(中考真题+名校模拟真题)(湖北省专用)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文 (湖北省中考真题+名校模拟) （2024·湖北·中考真题）So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. （2024·湖北·中考真题） Eat Well, Live Well We eat food so that we have energy to run, jump and play. We should have plenty of different things. We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on. Along with fish, beans and meat, dairy products make us strong. Do it! Look for low-fat milk and cheese. They are healthier. We should also eat enough grain products so that we have energy to work and play. Grain products include bread, rice and noodles. Do it! Eat a certain amount (数量) of grain products to keep fit. Fruit and vegetables keep us healthy. We should eat plenty of them at every meal. Do it! Try to eat fruit and vegetables in different colors every day. Don’t forget to drink water. We should drink 6-8 glasses of water every day so that our bodies work properly. 6．Which of the following is a kind of dairy products? A．Fish. B．Beans. C．Milk. D．Noodles. 7．How many kinds of grain products are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 8．Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 9．What’s the writer’s opinion about eating well? A．Grain products are the best of all. B．Eat plenty of food as you like every day. C．Vegetables make our bodies work properly. D．Have different kinds of food and enough water. 10．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Health. D．Education. （2024·湖北黄石·三模）Taking care of children is a difficult but happy experience. Parents can play an important role in children’s growth and future. How about animals? Do animal moms and dads care for their babies? Emperor Penguins (帝企鹅)Emperor parents put in a lot of work when raising their babies. After laying eggs, moms will leave to look for food. Then, dads will watch eggs for at least nine weeks. When the moms come back, they will hatch (孵化) the eggs and it’s time for the dads to go out for food. Finally, both parents will go out to hunt (觅食) while the baby penguins stay at home. When the babies grow up to five months old, they need to take care of themselves. African Elephants Elephant moms are pregnant (怀孕的) for a very long time—22 months—and give birth to big babies. The weight of an elephant baby is around 200 pounds! Baby elephants can’t see well at first, so they depend on their mothers very much and stay close to them for the first few months. For the next two years, the moms will care for their babies and teach them how to look for food, collect water and protect themselves—but they continue to be dependent on their mothers for years. Polar Bears (北极熊)Polar bear moms give birth to babies in a special way. They will prepare a den (洞穴), a snow cave in the ground, to give birth and care for their babies. These dens provide a warm and protected environment for them. The babies are tiny and blind at first and when they grow up bigger, the moms will teach them important life skills such as searching for food and surviving (存活) in the wild. 11．How long will the Emperor dads at least watch the eggs? A．five months B．nine weeks C．nine months D．five weeks 12．What won’t elephant moms teach their babies? A．to look for food B．to protect themselves C．to collect water D．to hatch eggs 13．From the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Emperor moms and dads work hard to take care of their babies. B．Baby elephants can’t hear well, so they need to be close to their moms. C．When baby elephants grow up, they won’t depend on their moms any more. D．Polar bear moms give birth to babies on the ground in the wild. 14．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A storybook. C．An animal magazine. D．A science fiction. 15．What is the best title of the passage? A．The importance of love B．Protect your babies C．How great moms are D．Parenting in the animal world （2024·湖北襄阳·三模）To-wit-to-woo. to-wit-to-woo! What’s that strange sound coming from the forest in the moonlight? It’s an owl (猫头鹰), of course! All day long, seated comfortably on a tree, the owl is sleeping or at least he’s trying to snooze, because it’s sometimes hard to close the eyes with all the sounds made by the little birds and animals in the forest! The owl hunts (捕猎) only at night. When evening comes, the animals all get to a safe place. The owl opens its big, round eyes. Any little animal around had better watch out! The owl mostly eats small animals like mice, but it wouldn’t say no to another bird, if it gets the chance! The owl uses its fantastic hearing to find its food, and then it turns its head from side to side, using its sharp (锐的) eyes to follow the animal. Finally, it flies down to get the animal. Owls have special, soft feathers (羽毛), so they can fly without making any sound. Owls are such good hunters that they can even catch a fly in the air! The owl is quiet most of the time, except when you get too close to its home. The owl is a great mother, who will protect her babies by opening her feathers angrily. An owl will even hurt people if she thinks her babies are in danger! An owl has no teeth, so it eats an animal whole. All the parts of the animal that the owl can’t digest (消化) will end up as small pieces. If you find these small pieces, you know you are near an owl’s home. 16．The underlined word “snooze” has the closest meaning to “ ”. A．sit B．sleep C．hunt D．fly 17．What can we learn about the owl’s hunting habit? A．It goes to a safe place at night. B．It hunts mostly in the daytime. C．It may have birds as its meals. D．It uses its sharp eyes to find food. 18．Why are owls good hunters? A．They can fly very fast. B．They have dark feathers. C．They are usually small-sized. D．They can fly with no sound. 19．How does an owl eat other animals? A．It eats them whole. B．I t eats them with other owls. C．It eats a small piece at a time. D．It eats them away from its home. 20．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? ( ①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． （2024·湖北孝感·三模）①That future is almost here. “I think it’s going to happen in ten years… and hopefully much, much faster,” said Sebastian Thrun in 2021. At that time, his young company Kitty Hawk Corporation was working on developing a flying car known as eVTOL, or Electronic Vertical Take-Off and Landing vehicle (车辆). ②Flying to work or school sounds unbelievable. Not only is it fun to fly, but “there would never be traffic again, because the sky is very, very large,” says Thrun. He also thinks eVTOLs could be greener than common cars. “We go much faster, we go in a straight line, we fly on less energy,” he says. ③So far, though, flying cars haven’t taken off as a product. Will their day come? There are still many problems to solve. Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one. So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride. The main problem with flying cars is safety. Accidents in the air are dangerous to both the passengers and anyone on the ground beneath. To make eVTOLs safer, many developers are aiming to make them self-flying—no human pilot required. ④Another problem is space. Most aircraft need long runways to take off and land. Lifting straight up and down like a helicopter solves this problem. But eVTOLs still need special spaces, called vertiports, for take-off and landing. Finding places to put these could be tricky, especially in crowded cities. But maybe some could go on top of buildings. ⑤What do you think? Would you enjoy riding to school or to visit a friend in a self-flying taxi? Are flying cars a good idea, or should we find other ways to get around in the near future? 21．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By showing opinions. D．By sharing experiences. 22．Which of the following are the challenges for the development of flying cars? ①high price           ②take-off and landing space ③air traffic jam        ④safety A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 23．Why are some companies developing flying cars as air taxis? A．To solve safety problems. B．To make them cheaper. C．To provide rides for people. D．To compete with common cars. 24．What is the possible structure of the passage? （①=Paragraph 1      ②=Paragraph 2, ...） A． B． C． D． 25．What is probably the best title of the passage? A．Is a Flying Car Your Dream Car? B．Will Future Flying Cars Need Drivers? C．The Exciting World of Electric Taxis D．The History of Air Travel Technologies （2024·湖北孝感·二模） Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years. To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常). These are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues (美德) around the world. The most important two are ren and li. Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people. “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.” It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule. “Treat others as you wish to be treated.” While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our  everyday life. In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors. While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the world around us. Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one's parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is important for a harmonious (和谐的) society. Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess. 26．Which two are the most important of the Five Constants? A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Zhi and xin. 27．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．己所不欲，勿施于人。 B．博学于文，约之以礼。 C．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 D．行必思之言，言之必思复之。 28．Which of the following is an example of li ? A．Building a peaceful society. B．Taking care of one’s children. C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Having care and love for others. 29．Why does Confucianism teach the Five Constants? A．To make Confucius famous. B．To help people understand how to behave towards others. C．To remember ancestors. D．To make the whole world fall into a mess. 30．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism? A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history. C．Its new challenges. D．Its touching stories. （2024·湖北襄阳·一模）① One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I called my grandma for help, followed a TV program to make jam and waited excitedly. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realised that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjoyed the process (过程). ② The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning of success. ③ But in this busy world, we see a lot of successful people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process? Well, the question has the answer in itself. ④ Don’t always compare yourself with others. First of all, we are all different. And success means different things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own ride. ⑤ Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient. Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop. ⑥ Reward (奖励) yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. For example, if you are in the process of losing weight, enjoy your favourite cake once in a while. 31．How does the writer start the article? A．By giving an example B．By comparing facts. C．By using old sayings. D．By listing numbers. 32．What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Make up. B．Get ready for. C．Point out. D．Pay attention to. 33．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A．process B．success C．pressure D．failure 34．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 35．Which could be the best title for the text? A．Enjoy the Process B．What Does Success Mean to Us? C．Never Give Up D．How Can We Achieve Good Results? （2024·湖北黄冈·一模）In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink stones are called the Four Treasures of Study. Among the high-quality treasures, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, the xuan paper made in Xuancheng and the ink stone made in Duanxi are the best-known. The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries (陶器). They are mainly made of the hair of animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasel’s (鼬) tail hair are called langhao. Their artistic effects (效果) in writing and painting cannot be copied by any other pens. The ink stick is the pigment (颜料) used in writing and painting. A story about the ink stick goes like this: Two famous skilled men produced a kind of high-quality ink stick. As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name “Li”. From then on, the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread. The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties. It’s said that Cai Lun’s pupil Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later he happened to see the ebony (檀木) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark (树皮) to produce the world-famous xuan paper. The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-Duan Ink Stone, She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone. They can not only be used in writing and painting but also for admiration. 36．If you’re a calligraphy (书法) lover, you’d prefer to use the xuan paper made in ______. A．Huzhou B．Duanxi C．Huizhou D．Xuancheng 37．What are the writing brushes mainly made of? A．The wolf’s tail B．The hair of animals. C．The weasel’s tail. D．The pig’s hair 38．Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ______. A．when the famous xuan paper appeared B．who produced the famous xuan paper C．where the famous xuan paper appeared D．how the famous xuan paper was produced 39．According to the passage, it is clear that ______. A．the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread before the Southern Tang Dynasty B．the Four Famous Ink Stones was used for writing, painting or admiration C．the famous xuan was produced by Cai Lun in the Sui and Tang dynasties D．the other pens can be used as well as the brushes “yanghao” and “langhao” 40．Which of the following is the correct order of the passage? (1)    (2)    (3)    (4) A．(2) (4) (3) (1) B．(2) (3) (4) (1) C．(2) (4) (1) (3) D．(2) (1) (3) (4) （2024·湖北襄阳·二模）Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Explorer satellite (暗物质探测卫星), is named after the Chinese superhero, the Monkey King or Sun Wukong. According to journey to the west, the Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes, which can easily tell differences between the good and the bad. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as the Monkey King to help scientists search for the dark matter in space. The name of the space station Tiangong means “Heaven Palace” in Chinese myths (神话), this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together. Tianwen, Chinese Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet in ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for the truth of the universe (宇宙). Perhaps the Tianwen missions will end up answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions. If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, almost all the Chinese people, have good hopes and expectations for our space dream. So, the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously. 41．How does the writer begin the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By listing a number. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By answering a question. 42．What is the Wukong satellite used for? A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions. B．Finding the differences between the good and the bad. C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space. D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station. 43．Where is the name of China’s Mars missions from? A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen. B．An ancient novel. C．Ancient Chinese myths. D．Journey to the west. 44．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously? A．Because we want to land on Mars. B．Because we want to protect the earth. C．Because we have the hunger for truth. D．Because we have a hopeful dream for space. 45．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．What Beautiful Names B．What a hopeful Star C．What Excellent Poems D．What a Long Journey （2024·湖北恩施·二模）① Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many unbelievable things. For example, butterflies have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you always see them flying freely over the plants or in the fields. ② But do you know how butterflies become the flying insects? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay some small and colorful eggs on the leaves of the plants. ③ It’s hard to believe that the eggs will become something completely different in a few days. They become walking insects. These insects are called caterpillars (毛虫). They now have legs, eyes and large bodies. A new life has begun. The caterpillars can eat, walk and see. But they are still not butterflies. ④ Soon, after growing big, the caterpillars make covers to themselves. They cover themselves in the nice protective blanket and go to sleep. We call them chrysalises (蛹). ⑤ After a period of time, the blankets break and the wet, weak butterflies appear. They each now have six legs, a mouth, eyes and two pairs of wings. Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterflies spread their wings and fly away. ⑥ After a few weeks, those adult butterflies lay eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Take a look around the natural world, and you will discover many other amazing things. 46．Which of the following is a caterpillar? A． B． C． D． 47．Which of the following can describe “the cycle”? ① a chrysalis ② a caterpillar ③ an egg ④ a butterfly A． B． C． D． 48．What’s the structure of this passage? （①=Paragraph 1②=Paragraph 2,…） A．①/②③④⑤/⑥ B．①②③/④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①②/③④⑤/⑥ 49．Which of the following about a butterfly is TRUE? A．It has no legs or eyes. B．It is good at walking. C．It likes living around the plants. D．It likes cold season. 50．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Nature is quite amazing. B．The life of a butterfly is amazing. C．A butterfly has a short life. D．A butterfly is a beautiful insect. （2024·湖北随州·二模） With a habit of drinking coffee on weekends while doing schoolwork, Wu Zibo, a 17-year-old student from Beijing No.4 High School, wanted to order a cup of Jiangxiang Latte (酱香拿铁)— a cup of coffee with a little wine (白酒). He wondered how his father’s favorite Chinese wine would taste with his favorite coffee. Moutai, known as the national wine brand of China, made a coffee called “Jiangxiang Latte” with Luckin Coffee (瑞幸咖啡). The new drink has interested many people. It sold 5.42 million cups and made 100 million yuan just on Sept. 4th, the first day it came out. The wine brand has tried many ways in recent years to be more creative, for example, producing a wine-flavored ice cream. “The creative coffee makes our brand younger,” Mr. Lee, a marketing manager said. “Through collaborations (合作), different brands can share what they need, make the market bigger, and bring more creative things to buyers,” added Lee. However, not all collaborations succeeded. In the collaboration between another two brands, people could get a popular bag by buying at least two books in their coffee shop. But the two books would cost 580 yuan. People were not happy with it, and the collaboration stopped quickly. “The key to making a collaboration work is about how good the products are. The brands should not just focus on getting the public excited,” said Lee. 51．The writer begins the passage by ______. A．giving an example B．asking questions C．showing data D．comparing two brands 52．The underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to “______”. A．Ice-cream B．Maotai C．Luckin Coffee D．Jiangxiang Latte 53．What are the good points of collaborations between the wine brand and the coffee brand? a. It makes the products more expensive. b. The buyers can buy more creative things. c. The two companies can both get something they want. A．a, b B．b, c C．a, c D．a, b, c 54．What’s Mr. Lee’s opinion about brand collaboration? A．The brands should focus on whether the products are good or not. B．The brands should create less chances of collaborations. C．The brands should pay little attention to the public’s interests. D．The brands should just focus on getting the public excited. 55．What can we infer according to the passage? A．Jiangxiang Latte is a new kind of wine produced by Moutai. B．Wu Zibo likes drinking wine while doing schoolwork on weekends. C．Wu Zibo’s father likes drinking Jiangxiang Latte very much. D．Jiangxiang Latte is a successful example of bands collaboration. （2024·湖北省直辖县级单位·二模）You have just finished eating an apple while on a camp. There aren’t any rubbish bins around; what do you do with the apple core (核)? If you answered “throw it in the grass” because you thought fruit would not have a bad influence on nature, you are wrong. According to the scientists, decomposition (分解) of fruit litter takes much longer time than you imagine. Some of these “natural” food can take years to decompose depending on the environment they are in! When animals start to get their food from people, they may stop looking for their own food in nature. This is very dangerous because animals need different foods to stay healthy. Food waste also draws animals to go to areas where there are a lot of people. And when food is thrown out of a car window, animals may develop the habit of searching roadsides for food, which increases the chances of their being hit by a car. In fact, apples, bananas and oranges are not from wild forests. If they are eaten by wild animals, they will probably cause the animals to get sick. Seeds (种子) of these fruit or vegetables that end up on the ground could grow into an exotic plant there. It’s not good to the local environment. And then, of course, nobody wants to see somebody else’s fruit litter, which has already gone bad, while enjoying the beautiful outdoors. So, no litter is safe litter, not even an apple core. 56．How does the writer start the text? A．By collecting readers’ answers. B．By describing a situation in life. C．By encouraging people to protect nature. D．By explaining how to deal with fruit litter. 57．What influence would throwing food waste have on animals? A．It provides different foods for them. B．It prevents them from dying of hunger. C．It makes them depend on humans too much. D．It makes them develop the ability to live in nature. 58．The underlined word “exotic” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．foreign B．beautiful C．bad D．strong 59．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To advise us not to eat while camping. B．To ask us to protect the wild animals. C．To explain how food waste is decomposed. D．To call on people not to litter food waste. 60．This passage is mainly about ________. A．HEALTH B．ENVIRONMENT C．SPORTS D．PEOPLE 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example…”可知，文章第四段介绍科学家给卫星命名时还受到古代名人的启发，下文列举了“墨子号”的例子。故作者通过举例子的方式支持自己的观点。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文，升华主题。故文章的结构是总（①）——分（②③④）——总（⑤）。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍中国的空间技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的空间技术。故选D。 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应该如何健康合理地饮食。 6．细节理解题。根据“We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on.”可知，牛奶是乳制品。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据“Grain products include bread, rice and noodles.”可知，文中提到了面包、米饭、面条三种谷类食物。故选B。 8．细节理解题。通读文章可知，一份健康的饮食应该包括乳制品、肉类、豆子、谷类食物、水果蔬菜以及水等。B选项缺少乳制品、肉类，C选项缺少水果蔬菜，D选项缺少乳制品，只有A选项种类齐全，更健康。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“We should have plenty of different things.”及“Don’t forget to drink water. We should drink 6-8 glasses of water every day”可知，作者认为我们应该吃各种不同的食物以及多喝水。故选D。 10．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了健康合理的饮食，故可能在“健康”版块读到此文章。故选C。 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文以帝企鹅、非洲象和北极熊为例，介绍了动物世界的育儿之道。 11．细节理解题。根据“Then, dads will watch eggs for at least nine weeks.”可知，帝企鹅爸爸至少要照看这些蛋九周。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“For the next two years, the moms will care for their babies and teach them how to look for food, collect water and protect themselves—but they continue to be dependent on their mothers for years.”可知，象妈妈会教象宝宝如何寻找食物，收集水和保护自己，选项D没有提到。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据“Emperor parents put in a lot of work when raising their babies. After laying eggs, moms will leave to look for food. Then, dads will watch eggs for at least nine weeks. When the moms come back, they will hatch (孵化) the eggs and it’s time for the dads to go out for food. Finally, both parents will go out to hunt (觅食) while the baby penguins stay at home.”可推知，企鹅爸爸和企鹅妈妈努力照顾自己的孩子。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据“How about animals? Do animal moms and dads care for their babies?”并通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了动物世界的育儿之道。故可推知，本文来自于一本动物杂志。故选C。 15．最佳标题题。通读全文内容可知，本文以帝企鹅、非洲象和北极熊为例，介绍了动物世界的育儿之道。故选项D“动物世界的育儿之道”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。 16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．A 【导语】本文介绍了猫头鹰。 16．词句猜测题。根据“All day long, seated comfortably on a tree, the owl is sleeping or at least he’s trying to snooze, because it’s sometimes hard to close the eyes with all the sounds made by the little birds and animals in the forest!”可知是指猫头鹰整天舒舒服服地坐在树上睡觉，或者至少在试着打盹，因为森林里的小鸟和动物发出的声音让其有时很难闭上眼睛，因此snooze与“sleep”意思接近，故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“The owl mostly eats small animals like mice, but it wouldn’t say no to another bird, if it gets the chance!”可知可能会以鸟为食。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据“Owls have special, soft feathers (羽毛), so they can fly without making any sound. Owls are such good hunters that they can even catch a fly in the air!”可知是因为它们可以不发出任何声音地飞行。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“An owl has no teeth, so it eats an animal whole.”可知是整个都吃掉，故选A。 20．篇章结构题。第一段引出主题；第二三四五段介绍猫头鹰。故选A。 21．C 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了飞行汽车的前景、优缺点。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段首句“That future is almost here.”可知，未来就在眼前，这是作者的观点。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are still many problems to solve. Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one... The main problem with flying cars is safety...”和第四段“Another problem is space... But eVTOLs still need special spaces, called vertiports, for take-off and landing.”可知，飞行汽车发展面临的挑战有：高价、安全、起飞和降落空间。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段“So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride”可知，一些公司开发飞行汽车作为空中出租车是为了人们有能力担负得起。故选B。 24．篇章结构题。第一段是总述不久飞行的汽车将出现。第二段介绍的是优点，第三四段介绍的是所面临的问题，第五段是询问他人的看法。故选D。 25．最佳标题题。本文介绍了飞行汽车的前景、优缺点。所以选项A“飞行的汽车是你理想的车吗”符合文章主题。故选A。 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文介绍了儒家思想中的“五常”。它们是仁、义、礼、智、信。它们是世界上普遍的美德。 26．细节理解题。根据“The most important two are ren and li.”可知，“五常”中最重要的是仁和礼，故选B。 27．词句猜测题。根据“It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule ‘treat others as you wish to be treated.’ ”可知，这与西方所称的黄金法则“以您希望被对待的方式对待他人”非常相似，故划线句子意为：己所不欲，勿施于人。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors.”可知，在儒家著作中，关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何纪念祖先。故C选项“遵守饮茶规则”是礼的例子，故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常).”可知，为了帮助人们了解如何对待他人，所以儒家教导了五常。故选B。 30．主旨大意题。通读可知，本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德：仁、义、礼、智、信。故选A。 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议。 31．细节理解题。综合第一段可知，作者是通过结合自身做苹果派的例子来开始文章的。故选A。 32．词义猜测题。根据第二段“If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up.”可知，如果我们只重视结果，而不享受过程，我们将更容易感到失望，想要放弃；据此可知，划线单词“concentrate on”表示“重视”，与“pay attention to”同义。故选D。 33．词义猜测题。根据第四段“For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power.”可知，分析句子结构可知，连词while连接两个句子，表示对比或对立的概念；据此可知，后句中的主语意思应和前句中的主语“success”意思一致。故选B。 34．篇章结构题。通过全文可知，第一段讲述作者做苹果派的经历；第二段讲述了自己的感受；第三段引出“如何享受过程”这一问题；第四段至第六段提出建议，选项C符合本文结构。故选C。 35．最佳标题题。文章主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议；选项A “享受过程”适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 36．D 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．C 【导语】本文主要讲了文房四宝，具体对文房四宝进行介绍。 36．推理判断题。根据“In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink stones are called the Four Treasures of Study.”以及后句介绍“文房四宝”中的“the xuan paper made in Xuancheng”，可知，如果你是书法爱好者，会喜欢用宣城的宣纸。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据“The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries (陶器). They are mainly made of the hair of animals.”可知，毛笔通常用动物的毛做成的。故选B。 38．主旨大意题。根据“It’s said that Cai Lun’s pupil Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper…Then he used the bark (树皮) to produce the world-famous xuan paper.”可知，第四段主要讲述了著名宣纸是如何产生的。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据“The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-Duan Ink Stone, She Ink Stone…used in writing and painting but also for admiration.”可知，根据这篇文章，很明显，四大砚台是用来写作、绘画或欣赏的。故选B。 40．细节理解题。根据“The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries (陶器).”；“The ink stick is the pigment (颜料) used in writing and painting.”；“The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties.”以及“The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty.”可知，文章是按照“笔墨纸砚”的顺序讲述的。故选C。 41．C 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国太空项目各个名字的由来。 41．推理判断题。根据“Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from?”可知，本文是通过提出问题来开始的，故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as the Monkey King to help scientists search for the dark matter in space.”可知，“悟空”卫星帮助科学家在太空中搜索暗物质，故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据“Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan.”可知，是来自屈原的诗《天问》，故选A。 44．细节理解题。根据“We, almost all the Chinese people, have good hopes and expectations for our space dream. So, the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.”可知，是因为我们所有人都对太空梦抱有美好的希望和期待，所以中国航天项目的命名是非常重要的，故选D。 45．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了太空项目命名的由来，A选项“多么优美的名字”符合本文标题，故选A。 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．C 50．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成蝶的过程。 46．细节理解题。根据“These insects are called caterpillars. They now have legs, eyes and large bodies.”可知，这些昆虫被称为毛毛虫，它们现在有腿、眼睛和大身体，图片中D选项与描述相符。故选D。 47．词句猜测题。根据“In the beginning, female butterflies lay some small and colorful eggs on the leaves of the plants...It’s hard to believe that the eggs will become something completely different in a few days. They become walking insects. These insects are called caterpillars...Soon, after growing big, the caterpillars make covers to themselves. They cover themselves in the nice protective blanket and go to sleep. We call them chrysalises...After a period of time, the blankets break and the wet, weak butterflies appear. They each now have six legs, a mouth, eyes and two pairs of wings. Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterflies spread their wings and fly away. After a few weeks, those adult butterflies lay eggs, and the cycle begins all over again.”可知，一开始，雌性蝴蝶在植物的叶子上产下一些卵；这些卵变成了会走路的昆虫，这些昆虫被称为毛毛虫；长大后不久，毛毛虫就给自己盖上了被子，我们称它们为蛹；一段时间后蝴蝶破茧而出；几周后，这些成年蝴蝶产卵，循环又开始了；可推测C选项“③卵→②毛毛虫→①蛹→④蝴蝶，然后又从④蝴蝶返回到③卵重新循环”与“the cycle”相符。故选C。 48．篇章结构题。根据全文可知，①为总起，举例说明大自然中的昆虫世界很神奇，引出下文；②③④⑤介绍了蝴蝶从卵变成蝶的过程；⑥为总结，介绍了自然世界中还有很多神奇的东西；文章结构为“总分总”结构，A选项“①总起/②③④⑤分述/⑥总结”与文章结构相符。故选A。 49．细节理解题。根据“For example, butterflies have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you always see them flying freely over the plants or in the fields...They each now have six legs, a mouth, eyes and two pairs of wings.”可知，蝴蝶有美丽多彩的翅膀和强大而神奇的飞行技能，在夏天的日子里，你总能看到它们在植物上或田野里自由飞翔，它们有六条腿、一张嘴、一双眼睛和两对翅膀；C选项“它喜欢生活在植物周围”与文章相符。故选C。 50．主旨大意题。根据“After a few weeks, those adult butterflies lay eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Take a look around the natural world, and you will discover many other amazing things.”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了成蝶的过程，即蝴蝶的一生是神奇的。故选B。 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．D 【导语】本文主要讲了酱香拿铁这种饮料在市场的流行以及品牌双方合作成功的关键要注重产品的质量。 51．细节理解题。根据“With a habit of drinking coffee on weekends while doing schoolwork, Wu Zibo, a 17-year-old student from Beijing No.4 High School, wanted to order a cup of Jiangxiang Latte (酱香拿铁)—a cup of coffee with a little wine (白酒).”可知，作者是通过介绍了一个例子开始了这篇文章。故选A。 52．词句猜测题。根据“Moutai, known as the national liquor brand of China, made a coffee called ‘Jiangxiang Latte’ with Luckin Coffee. It is put into a bag with a Moutai picture and has less than 0.5 percent of 53 degrees Moutai in a cup.”可知，It指的是酱香拿铁。故选D。 53．细节理解题。根据“‘Through collaborations (合作), different brands can share what they need, make the market bigger, and bring more creative things to buyers,’ added Lee.”可知，合作可以让顾客能买到更创新的东西，也可以双方公司得到他们所需要的。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据“The key to making a collaboration work is about how good the products are.”可知，Mr. Lee认为品牌应该关注产品的质量。故选A。 55．推理判断题。根据“The new drink has interested many people. It sold 5.42 million cups and made 100 million yuan just on Sept. 4th, the first day it came out.”以及“However, not all collaborations succeeded.”可推知，酱香拿铁是品牌合作的成功范例。故选D。 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．D 60．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了随地扔食物垃圾会对自然环境造成不良影响。 56．推理判断题。根据第一段“You have just finished eating an apple while on a camp. There aren’t any rubbish bins around; what do you do with the apple core (核)?”可知，作者通过描述生活中的一种情况来开始文章。故选B。 57．推理判断题。根据第三段“When animals start to get their food from people, they may stop looking for their own food in nature.”可知，当动物开始从人类那里获取食物时，它们可能会停止在大自然中寻找自己的食物。由此推知，扔食物垃圾会使得动物过于依赖人类。故选C。 58．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Seeds (种子) of these fruit or vegetables that end up on the ground could grow into an exotic plant there. It’s not good to the local environment.”可知，它不属于当地品种，所以这些落在地上的种子长成的植物是“外来的”，划线词与foreign意思相近。故选A。 59．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了随地扔食物垃圾会对自然环境造成不良影响。因此，本文的目的是呼吁人们不要乱扔食物垃圾。故选D。 60．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了随地扔食物垃圾会对自然环境造成不良影响。因此，本文主要是关于环境的。故选B。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$