专题07 科学与技术 - 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读&时文阅读

专题07 科学与技术（原卷版） 【材料来源：The New York Times Mar 29,2024】 Should We Fear the Woke A.I.? Imagine a short story from the golden age of science fiction, something that would appear in a pulp magazine in 1956. Our title is “The Truth Engine,” and the story envisions a future where computers, those hulking, floor-to-ceiling things, become potent enough to guide human beings to answers to any question they might ask, from the capital of Bolivia to the best way to marinade a steak. How would such a story end? With some kind of reveal, no doubt, of a secret agenda lurking behind the promise of all-encompassing knowledge. For instance, maybe there’s a Truth Engine 2.0, smarter and more creative, that everyone can’t wait to get their hands on. And then a band of dissidents discover that version 2.0 is fanatical and mad, that the Engine has just been preparing humans for totalitarian brainwashing or involuntary extinction. This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google, which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race. It didn’t take long for users to notice certain … oddities with Gemini. The most notable was its struggle to render accurate depictions of Vikings, ancient Romans, American founding fathers, random couples in 1820s Germany and various other demographics usually characterized by a paler hue of skin. Perhaps the problem was just that the A.I. was programmed for racial diversity in stock imagery, and its historical renderings had somehow (as a company statement put it) “missed the mark” — delivering, for instance, African and Asian faces in Wehrmacht uniforms in response to a request to see a German soldier circa 1943. But the way in which Gemini answered questions made its nonwhite defaults seem more like a weird emanation of the A.I.’s underlying worldview. Users reported being lectured on “harmful stereotypes” when they asked to see a Norman Rockwell image, being told they could see pictures of Vladimir Lenin but not Adolf Hitler, and turned down when they requested images depicting groups specified as white (but not other races ). Describing these kinds of results as “woke A.I.” isn’t an insult. It’s a technical description of what the world’s dominant search engine decided to release. 【译文欣赏】 我们应该害怕觉醒的⼈⼯智能吗？ 想象⼀下科幻⼩说⻩⾦时代的⼀个短篇故事，它出现在 1956 年的⼀本通俗杂志上。我们的标题是《真理引擎》，这个故事设想了⼀个未来，那些庞⼤、从地板到天花板的计算机变得⾜够强⼤，能够引导⼈类找到他们可能提出的任何问题的答案，从玻利维亚的⾸都到⽜排的最佳腌制⽅法。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它这样的故事会如何结束呢？毫⽆疑问，在全知全能的知识承诺背后隐藏着⼀个秘密议程。例如，也许存在⼀个真理引擎2.0更智能、更有创意，每个⼈都迫不及待地想要拥有。然后⼀群持不同政⻅者发现2.0版本是狂热和疯狂的，这台引擎只是在为⼈类准备全⾯的洗脑或⾮⾃愿的灭绝。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它在渲染维京⼈、古罗⻢⼈、美国开国元勋、1820年代德国的随机情侣以及其他通常被描述为肤⾊较浅的群体时遇到了困难。 也许问题只是⼈⼯智能被编程⽤于库存图像中的种族多样性，⽽它的历史渲染在某种程度上（正如公司声明中所说）“偏离了⽬标”——例如，在回应要求看到⼤约1943年的德国⼠兵的请求时，它展示了⾮洲和亚洲⾯孔的穿着德国国防军制服的⼈。 但Gemini回答问题的⽅式使得它的⾮⽩⼈默认设置看起来更像是⼈⼯智能潜在世界观的奇怪体现。⽤户报告说，当他们要求看到诺曼·洛克威尔的图像时，他们被“有害的刻板印象”所教导；当他们要求看到弗拉基⽶尔·列宁的图⽚时，他们被告知可以看到，但不能看到阿道夫·希特勒的图⽚；当他们要求展示指定为⽩⼈的群体（但不是其他种族）的图像时，他们被拒绝了。将这些结果描述为“觉醒的⼈⼯智能”并不是⼀种侮辱。这是⼀种技术描述，描述了世界主导的搜索引擎决定发布的内容。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. pulp /pʌlp/ n. 浆状物; 纸浆 2. envision /ɪnˈvɪʒən/ v. 想象 3. hulking /ˈhʌlkɪŋ/ adj. 笨重的 4. potent /ˈpoʊtnt/ adj. 强大的 5. agendum /əˈdʒɛndəm/ n. 议程 6. all-encompassing /ˌɔːl ɪnˈkʌmpəsɪŋ/ adj. 包罗万象的 7. involuntary /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/ adj. 无意识的 8. demographic /ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk/ adj. 人口的 9. hue /hjuː/ n. 颜色 10. diversity /daɪˈvɜːrsɪti/ n. 多样性 11. emanation /ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/ n. 发出 12. weird /wɪrd/ adj. 奇怪的 【长难句分析】 原句 This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google, which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race. 译文 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。 分析 +--[主句: This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google] | | | +--[定语从句: which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race] | | | +--[宾语: Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race] | | | +--[同位语: the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race] （一） With the development of technology, life is made much easier when you travel around. Here are some top travel apps for you to use. YelpWhen you are in a new location and need a quick recommendation, Yelp comes in handy. It gives insights into the quality of businesses and services, from restaurants to the way in which they work, based on user reviews. The users can certainly make unfair judgements for personal reasons at times, but Yelp often at least lets you get a sense of what to expect. ZomatoIn China, there is a good chance you have never heard of Zomato. In some countries, however, it is more popular than Yelp, and it covers the same ground. Zomato is a remarkable crowd-sourced review website, mostly for restaurants. In some regions, you can order delivery food through Zomato, too. Happy CowIf you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow. The app and web- site help you find restaurants, cafes, health food stores, and other places to get a meat-free meal. TripadvisorYou can read different reviews of hotels, restaurants and even activities, written by members of the Tripadvisor community, as well as see photos they have uploaded so you know what to expect before you arrive. Tripadvisor has relationships with various booking sites, too, which means once you finish researching hotels or restaurants, you can usually reserve them with just a few extra clicks. 1．What do Yelp and Zomato have in common? A．They provide delivery services quickly. B．They expect users to promote their services. C．They only recommend hotels and restaurants. D．They base their recommendations on user reviews. 2．Which app suits the person who doesn’t eat meat? A．Yelp. B．Happy Cow. C．Tripadvisor. D．Zomato. 3．What sets Tripadvisor apart from other travel apps? A．It is offered free of charge. B．It is linked to booking platforms. C．It recommends nearby attractions. D．It gives correct hotel rating information. ( 原句 If you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow. 译文 如果你是一个不吃肉或鱼的人，甚至不使用动物产品，如肉，牛奶或鸡蛋，或者如果你只是在连续几天吃不太健康的食物后寻找健康的膳食选择，你一定会喜欢“开心牛”。 分析 +--[主句: you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow] | +--[条件状语从句: If you are a person] | +--[定语从句: who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs] | +--[条件状语从句: if you are only looking for a healthy meal option] | +--[时间状语从句: after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row] ) ( 1.handy adj. 便利的 2.insight n. 洞察力 3.recommendation n. 推荐 4.unfair adj. 不公平的 5.judgement n. 判断 6.delivery n. 送货 7.appreciate v. 欣赏 8.option n. 选项 9.reserve v. 预订 10.upload v. 上传 ) （二） With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%. We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods. To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water. The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields. 4．What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show? A．Undersea exploration is poor in the US. B．Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored. C．The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming. D．Technology development matters a lot to sea observation. 5．What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text? A．The complexity of the sea environment. B．The concern about potential sea pollution. C．The shortage of investment in ocean exploration. D．The inability to effectively power underwater cameras. 6．What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Overcome. B．Face. C．Analyze. D．Illustrate. 7．Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera? A．Secure and stable. B．Expensive but effective. C．Impractical but advanced. D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving. ( 原句 It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. 译文 它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。 分析 +--[主句: It changes mechanical energy] | +--[介词短语: from sound waves traveling through water] | +--[介词短语: into electrical energy] | +--[定语从句: that powers its imaging and communications equipment] ) ( 1.sonar n. 声呐 2.chart v. 绘制 3.surface n. 表面 4.observation n. 观察 5.unsuitable adj. 不适合的 6.mechanical adj. 机械的 7.communications n. 通讯 8.receiver n. 接收器 9.prototype n. 原型 10.enhance v. 增强 ) （三） Busy streets, loud noises, and grey buildings can make city life exhausting and boring. Finding a solution to these issues might be possible by turning to nature, which can help us feel calm and refreshed. Adding vegetation or colorful designs may make cities more enjoyable to live in. However, growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test these approaches is costly and inconvenient. Moreover, studying these phenomena outdoors can be tricky, as many factors can affect the final results. “Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is extremely hard,” explained Prof. Yvonne Delevoye. “Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic. Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.” The group used virtual reality to make a city setting that felt real. They made two versions: one with no vegetation, and another with some green vegetation. They also introduced colorful patterns onto a path. Then they invited students to participate in the study. Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment. To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how long, each headset included an eye tracker. The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings. These results indicate a pleasurable experience. Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate. Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners, allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment. In the future, the researchers aim to improve the VR experience to get even better and more precise outcomes. 8．What was the primary reason for using virtual reality in the study? A．To create an entertaining game for students. B．To demonstrate the inconvenience of urban life. C．To prove the superiority of technology over nature. D．To measure reactions without environmental influence. 9．How did the participants interact with the virtual environment in the study? A．By walking around a real city. B．By making use of an eye tracker. C．By wearing a headset and walking on site. D．By observing through a screen without moving. 10．What does the underlined word “uplifting” most probably mean? A．Powerful. B．Cheerful. C．Encouraging. D．Healing. 11．What potential benefit of virtual reality is mentioned for urban planning? A．Reducing the costs of urban development significantly. B．Providing a platform for testing various urban elements. C．Predicting future urban challenges with precise results. D．Helping cities avoid using real vegetation in urban space. ( 原句 Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment . 译文 学生们戴着VR头盔并且在原地走动，花时间探索虚拟环境 。 分析 +--[主句: the students spent time exploring the virtual environment] | +--[方式状语: Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot] ) ( 1.vegetation n. 植被 2.approach n. 方法 3.inconvenient adj. 不方便的 4.phenomena n. 现象 5.reaction n. 反应 6.virtual reality n. 虚拟现实 7.tracker n. 追踪器 8.pattern n. 图案 9.urban planner n. 城市规划者 10.outcome n. 结果 ) （四） The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management. A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field. Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company. AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years. The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon, putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges. “The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI. On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. Surprisingly, new kinds of routine work also increase, because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen. According to the results of the research, the social features of middle management also changed, because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues, depending on the type of AI that was used. Especially when more developed types of AI, such as chatting robots, were included in the AI systems, they were seen as colleagues. Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges, and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations. For example, they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI. Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management, such as technological understanding and skills, interactive skills and emotional intelligence, problem-solving skills, and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change. “AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members. This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasized when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasize the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says. 12．What does the study find? A．AI becomes less popular in the service field. B．AI makes decisions more fairly than humans. C．AI proves human management is unnecessary. D．AI makes middle management more demanding. 13．What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams? A．Unmentioned. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 14．Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion? A．AI can’t replace human mangers completely. B．Few managers in the service field are needed. C．Employees for managerial positions dislike AI. D．AI devotes more time to ethical considerations. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．The integration of AI into service teams is hard. B．AI takes over human management in many fields. C．AI and human managers are a perfect combination. D．The application of AI influences middle management. ( 原句 A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field. 译文 一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求 。 分析 +--[主句: A study shows] | +--[宾语从句: that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field] | +--[主语: integrating AI systems into service teams] | +--[谓语: increases] | +--[宾语: demands] | +--[宾语补足语: on middle management in the financial services field] ) ( 1.productivity n. 生产力 2.routine n. 日常 3.monitor v. 监控 4.social feature n. 社会特征 5.ethical adj. 道德上的 6.consideration n. 考虑 7.fairness n. 公平 8.technological adj. 技术的 9.emotional intelligence n. 情绪智力 10.combination n. 结合 ) （五） At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. 16 Wearing two glowing earrings, there’s a slightly inhuman shade of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? 17 Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the Al-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. The designer looked on the experience of literally replacing the famous painting by one of his AI images crazy and completely surreal. 18 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 19 It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist. In fact, this is not the first time that people have debated AI’s role in creativity. 20 But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common. A．Coming from a museum, it’s really embarrassing. B．However, the AI image raised a fierce argument. C．But look more closely and you may find something different about it. D．One common concern is whether AI-generated works break copyright laws. E．Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish. F．It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence. G．The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills. ( 原句 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 译文 尽管Mauritshuis新闻官Boris de Munnick坚称这是一幅很好的画，也是一个创作过程，但许多人质疑它是否可以被称为艺术，以及它是否有资格在博物馆画廊展出 。 分析 +--[主句: many people questioned] | +--[让步状语从句: Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted] | | | +--[宾语从句: that it was a nice picture and a creative process] | +--[宾语从句: whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery] ) ( 1.masterpiece n. 杰作 2.glowing adj. 发光的 3.submit v. 提交 4.surreal adj. 超现实的 5.qualified adj. 有资格的 6.gallery n. 画廊 7.creativity n. 创造力 8.available adj. 可用的 9.practice n. 实践 10.generator n. 生成器 ) （六） Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington, DC． He usually 21 to his farm in Nova Scotia, but one year he had to stay in the capital. “Why humans have 22 how to warm a house but not how to cool one — until now,” he wondered, and in 1872, he 23 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃. When 69-year-old Bell told that 24 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School, the students went 25 . The clapping lasted so long that he was 26 to say something more surprising. “Could postage stamps be used in 27 of persons?” asked Bell, who had thought of 28 a low price for public transport, but the cost of building additional roads was too high. “Perhaps, the flying machine will be the 29 .” In the speech, Bell also 30 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight. In the reflection, he was amazed by the 31 made in the past century: Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 32 horse-drawn vehicles. He then went on to 33 the commercial airplane, solar panels, and the 34 for renewable resources. Gilbert Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic magazine, asked for the 35 and published a revised version in the February issue. Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient (预见性的). 21．A．wandered B．escaped C．flew D．applied 22．A．agreed on B．insisted on C．figured out D．ruled out 23．A．designed B．bought C．saw D．borrowed 24．A．accident B．loss C．problem D．story 25．A．wild B．hungry C．disappointed D．silent 26．A．allowed B．forced C．paid D．chosen 27．A．favor B．memory C．transportation D．case 28．A．cutting B．raising C．avoiding D．charging 29．A．pollution B．solution C．discovery D．issue 30．A．relied B．switched C．reflected D．called 31．A．profits B．advances C．materials D．failures 32．A．replaced B．destroyed C．attacked D．missed 33．A．sell B．rent C．invent D．predict 34．A．deadline B．competition C．need D．balance 35．A．text B．book C．contract D．interview ( 1.temperature n. 温度 2.flying machine n. 飞行器 3.progress n. 进步 4.foresight n. 预见 5.evolve v. 进化 6.commercial adj. 商业的 7.renewable adj. 可再生的 8.resources n. 资源 9.prescient adj. 预见性的 10.issue n. 期刊，问题 ) （一） （2024·新课标II卷）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 2．What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3．What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards. （二） （2023·北京·高考真题）What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’” As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere. Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 5．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is . A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful 6．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 7．What can we learn from this passage? A．ALife holds the key to human future. B．ALife and AI share a common feature. C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 8．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too? （三） （2024·新课标I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 9 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 10 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 11 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 12 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 13 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 14 first time. These plants included modern Western 15 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 16 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 17 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 18 (rich) of gardening in England. （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你所在的学校近期引入了一些人工智能（AI）技术应用，用以帮助学生学习和日常生活。请你根据以下提示，给校刊英语专栏写一篇短文，谈谈你对此的看法。内容包括： 1.AI在你校的具体应用； 2.AI带来的便利； 3.你对此的看法。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, I am writing to talk about the recent application of AI technology in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________        Yours sincerely, Li Hua ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 科学与技术（解析版） 【材料来源：The New York Times Mar 29,2024】 Should We Fear the Woke A.I.? Imagine a short story from the golden age of science fiction, something that would appear in a pulp magazine in 1956. Our title is “The Truth Engine,” and the story envisions a future where computers, those hulking, floor-to-ceiling things, become potent enough to guide human beings to answers to any question they might ask, from the capital of Bolivia to the best way to marinade a steak. How would such a story end? With some kind of reveal, no doubt, of a secret agenda lurking behind the promise of all-encompassing knowledge. For instance, maybe there’s a Truth Engine 2.0, smarter and more creative, that everyone can’t wait to get their hands on. And then a band of dissidents discover that version 2.0 is fanatical and mad, that the Engine has just been preparing humans for totalitarian brainwashing or involuntary extinction. This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google, which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race. It didn’t take long for users to notice certain … oddities with Gemini. The most notable was its struggle to render accurate depictions of Vikings, ancient Romans, American founding fathers, random couples in 1820s Germany and various other demographics usually characterized by a paler hue of skin. Perhaps the problem was just that the A.I. was programmed for racial diversity in stock imagery, and its historical renderings had somehow (as a company statement put it) “missed the mark” — delivering, for instance, African and Asian faces in Wehrmacht uniforms in response to a request to see a German soldier circa 1943. But the way in which Gemini answered questions made its nonwhite defaults seem more like a weird emanation of the A.I.’s underlying worldview. Users reported being lectured on “harmful stereotypes” when they asked to see a Norman Rockwell image, being told they could see pictures of Vladimir Lenin but not Adolf Hitler, and turned down when they requested images depicting groups specified as white (but not other races ). Describing these kinds of results as “woke A.I.” isn’t an insult. It’s a technical description of what the world’s dominant search engine decided to release. 【译文欣赏】 我们应该害怕觉醒的⼈⼯智能吗？ 想象⼀下科幻⼩说⻩⾦时代的⼀个短篇故事，它出现在 1956 年的⼀本通俗杂志上。我们的标题是《真理引擎》，这个故事设想了⼀个未来，那些庞⼤、从地板到天花板的计算机变得⾜够强⼤，能够引导⼈类找到他们可能提出的任何问题的答案，从玻利维亚的⾸都到⽜排的最佳腌制⽅法。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它这样的故事会如何结束呢？毫⽆疑问，在全知全能的知识承诺背后隐藏着⼀个秘密议程。例如，也许存在⼀个真理引擎2.0更智能、更有创意，每个⼈都迫不及待地想要拥有。然后⼀群持不同政⻅者发现2.0版本是狂热和疯狂的，这台引擎只是在为⼈类准备全⾯的洗脑或⾮⾃愿的灭绝。 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它在渲染维京⼈、古罗⻢⼈、美国开国元勋、1820年代德国的随机情侣以及其他通常被描述为肤⾊较浅的群体时遇到了困难。 也许问题只是⼈⼯智能被编程⽤于库存图像中的种族多样性，⽽它的历史渲染在某种程度上（正如公司声明中所说）“偏离了⽬标”——例如，在回应要求看到⼤约1943年的德国⼠兵的请求时，它展示了⾮洲和亚洲⾯孔的穿着德国国防军制服的⼈。 但Gemini回答问题的⽅式使得它的⾮⽩⼈默认设置看起来更像是⼈⼯智能潜在世界观的奇怪体现。⽤户报告说，当他们要求看到诺曼·洛克威尔的图像时，他们被“有害的刻板印象”所教导；当他们要求看到弗拉基⽶尔·列宁的图⽚时，他们被告知可以看到，但不能看到阿道夫·希特勒的图⽚；当他们要求展示指定为⽩⼈的群体（但不是其他种族）的图像时，他们被拒绝了。将这些结果描述为“觉醒的⼈⼯智能”并不是⼀种侮辱。这是⼀种技术描述，描述了世界主导的搜索引擎决定发布的内容。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. pulp /pʌlp/ n. 浆状物; 纸浆 2. envision /ɪnˈvɪʒən/ v. 想象 3. hulking /ˈhʌlkɪŋ/ adj. 笨重的 4. potent /ˈpoʊtnt/ adj. 强大的 5. agendum /əˈdʒɛndəm/ n. 议程 6. all-encompassing /ˌɔːl ɪnˈkʌmpəsɪŋ/ adj. 包罗万象的 7. involuntary /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/ adj. 无意识的 8. demographic /ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk/ adj. 人口的 9. hue /hjuː/ n. 颜色 10. diversity /daɪˈvɜːrsɪti/ n. 多样性 11. emanation /ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/ n. 发出 12. weird /wɪrd/ adj. 奇怪的 【长难句分析】 原句 This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google, which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race. 译文 这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。 分析 +--[主句: This flight of fancy is inspired by our society’s own version of the Truth Engine, the oracle of Google] | | | +--[定语从句: which recently debuted Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race] | | | +--[宾语: Gemini, the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race] | | | +--[同位语: the latest entrant in the great artificial intelligence race] （一） （2024·河南郑州·三模）With the development of technology, life is made much easier when you travel around. Here are some top travel apps for you to use. YelpWhen you are in a new location and need a quick recommendation, Yelp comes in handy. It gives insights into the quality of businesses and services, from restaurants to the way in which they work, based on user reviews. The users can certainly make unfair judgements for personal reasons at times, but Yelp often at least lets you get a sense of what to expect. ZomatoIn China, there is a good chance you have never heard of Zomato. In some countries, however, it is more popular than Yelp, and it covers the same ground. Zomato is a remarkable crowd-sourced review website, mostly for restaurants. In some regions, you can order delivery food through Zomato, too. Happy CowIf you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow. The app and web- site help you find restaurants, cafes, health food stores, and other places to get a meat-free meal. TripadvisorYou can read different reviews of hotels, restaurants and even activities, written by members of the Tripadvisor community, as well as see photos they have uploaded so you know what to expect before you arrive. Tripadvisor has relationships with various booking sites, too, which means once you finish researching hotels or restaurants, you can usually reserve them with just a few extra clicks. 1．What do Yelp and Zomato have in common? A．They provide delivery services quickly. B．They expect users to promote their services. C．They only recommend hotels and restaurants. D．They base their recommendations on user reviews. 2．Which app suits the person who doesn’t eat meat? A．Yelp. B．Happy Cow. C．Tripadvisor. D．Zomato. 3．What sets Tripadvisor apart from other travel apps? A．It is offered free of charge. B．It is linked to booking platforms. C．It recommends nearby attractions. D．It gives correct hotel rating information. 【答案速查】1．D 2．B 3．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了一些顶级的旅游应用程序。 1．推理判断题。根据Yelp部分中的“It gives insights into the quality of businesses and services, from restaurants to the way in which they work, based on user reviews.(根据用户评论，它可以洞察企业和服务的质量，从餐馆到他们的工作方式。)”和Zomato部分中的“Zomato is a remarkable crowd-sourced review website, mostly for restaurants.(Zomato是一个了不起的众包评论网站，主要针对餐馆。)”可知，Yelp和Zomato的共同之处是他们的推荐都基于用户评论。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Happy Cow部分中的“If you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow.(如果你是一个不吃肉或鱼的人，甚至不使用动物产品，如肉，牛奶或鸡蛋，或者如果你只是在连续几天吃不太健康的食物后寻找健康的膳食选择，你一定会喜欢“开心牛”。)”可知，“开心牛”软件适合不吃肉食的人。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Tripadvisor部分中的“Tripadvisor has relationships with various booking sites, too, which means once you finish researching hotels or restaurants, you can usually reserve them with just a few extra clicks.(Tripadvisor也与许多预订网站建立了合作关系，这意味着一旦你搜索完酒店或餐馆，你通常只需再点击几下就可以预订它们。)”可知，Tripadvisor与其它旅行软件的不同之处是它与预订平台链接。故选B。 ( 原句 If you are a person who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or if you are only looking for a healthy meal option after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row, you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow. 译文 如果你是一个不吃肉或鱼的人，甚至不使用动物产品，如肉，牛奶或鸡蛋，或者如果你只是在连续几天吃不太健康的食物后寻找健康的膳食选择，你一定会喜欢“开心牛”。 分析 +--[主句: you are sure to appreciate Happy Cow] | +--[条件状语从句: If you are a person] | +--[定语从句: who doesn’t eat meat or fish, or even doesn’t use animal products such as meat, milk or eggs] | +--[条件状语从句: if you are only looking for a healthy meal option] | +--[时间状语从句: after eating not-so-healthy meals for several days in a row] ) ( 1.handy adj. 便利的 2.insight n. 洞察力 3.recommendation n. 推荐 4.unfair adj. 不公平的 5.judgement n. 判断 6.delivery n. 送货 7.appreciate v. 欣赏 8.option n. 选项 9.reserve v. 预订 10.upload v. 上传 ) （二） （2024·四川达州·二模）With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%. We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods. To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water. The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species. Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields. 4．What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show? A．Undersea exploration is poor in the US. B．Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored. C．The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming. D．Technology development matters a lot to sea observation. 5．What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text? A．The complexity of the sea environment. B．The concern about potential sea pollution. C．The shortage of investment in ocean exploration. D．The inability to effectively power underwater cameras. 6．What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Overcome. B．Face. C．Analyze. D．Illustrate. 7．Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera? A．Secure and stable. B．Expensive but effective. C．Impractical but advanced. D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving. 【答案速查】4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。 4．推理判断题。根据首段“With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只占世界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，这一数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。故选D项。 6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就这个问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods.(他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个问题方面迈出了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment.(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。)”可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，结合下文中的“As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行数周才返回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节约能源。综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。 ( 原句 It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. 译文 它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。 分析 +--[主句: It changes mechanical energy] | +--[介词短语: from sound waves traveling through water] | +--[介词短语: into electrical energy] | +--[定语从句: that powers its imaging and communications equipment] ) ( 1.sonar n. 声呐 2.chart v. 绘制 3.surface n. 表面 4.observation n. 观察 5.unsuitable adj. 不适合的 6.mechanical adj. 机械的 7.communications n. 通讯 8.receiver n. 接收器 9.prototype n. 原型 10.enhance v. 增强 ) （三） （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Busy streets, loud noises, and grey buildings can make city life exhausting and boring. Finding a solution to these issues might be possible by turning to nature, which can help us feel calm and refreshed. Adding vegetation or colorful designs may make cities more enjoyable to live in. However, growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test these approaches is costly and inconvenient. Moreover, studying these phenomena outdoors can be tricky, as many factors can affect the final results. “Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is extremely hard,” explained Prof. Yvonne Delevoye. “Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic. Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.” The group used virtual reality to make a city setting that felt real. They made two versions: one with no vegetation, and another with some green vegetation. They also introduced colorful patterns onto a path. Then they invited students to participate in the study. Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment. To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how long, each headset included an eye tracker. The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings. These results indicate a pleasurable experience. Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate. Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners, allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment. In the future, the researchers aim to improve the VR experience to get even better and more precise outcomes. 8．What was the primary reason for using virtual reality in the study? A．To create an entertaining game for students. B．To demonstrate the inconvenience of urban life. C．To prove the superiority of technology over nature. D．To measure reactions without environmental influence. 9．How did the participants interact with the virtual environment in the study? A．By walking around a real city. B．By making use of an eye tracker. C．By wearing a headset and walking on site. D．By observing through a screen without moving. 10．What does the underlined word “uplifting” most probably mean? A．Powerful. B．Cheerful. C．Encouraging. D．Healing. 11．What potential benefit of virtual reality is mentioned for urban planning? A．Reducing the costs of urban development significantly. B．Providing a platform for testing various urban elements. C．Predicting future urban challenges with precise results. D．Helping cities avoid using real vegetation in urban space. 【答案速查】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项利用虚拟现实技术进行城市环境中自然元素和色彩设计对人们情绪的影响的研究。研究结果表明，绿色植被和明亮的色彩图案可以提高人们的情绪和兴趣。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic. Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space(人类的反应对环境变化很敏感，比如天气或交通。因此，我们使用虚拟现实来测量在虚拟城市空间中对这些因素的反应)”可知，研究中使用虚拟现实的主要原因是想要在不受环境因素影响的情况下测量人们的反应，故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment(学生们戴着VR头盔并且在原地走动，花时间探索虚拟环境)”可知，这说明参与者是通过戴头盔和在现场走动来与虚拟环境进行互动的，故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词前文“The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings.These results indicate a pleasurable experience(研究人员发现，当实验中有绿色植被时，学生们走得更慢，他们的心率也会增加。他们会花更少的时间观察地面，而花更多的时间观察周围的环境。这些结果表明这是一次愉快的经历)”可知，研究结果表明，环境当中的绿色植被让人们感到愉快。划线词所在句“Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.(明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那么uplifting的效果，但它们激发了学生们的兴趣和激情，吸引了他们的目光，同时增加了他们的心率。)”说明明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那样的效果，由此可推知，划线词uplifting的含义为“使人愉快的”，与B项“Cheerful令人愉快的”含义相近，故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners, allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment(虚拟现实可能是城市规划者的有用资源，使他们在虚拟环境中尝试不同的元素)”可知，虚拟现实为城市规划提供了一个测试各种城市元素的平台，故选B。 ( 原句 Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment . 译文 学生们戴着VR头盔并且在原地走动，花时间探索虚拟环境 。 分析 +--[主句: the students spent time exploring the virtual environment] | +--[方式状语: Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot] ) ( 1.vegetation n. 植被 2.approach n. 方法 3.inconvenient adj. 不方便的 4.phenomena n. 现象 5.reaction n. 反应 6.virtual reality n. 虚拟现实 7.tracker n. 追踪器 8.pattern n. 图案 9.urban planner n. 城市规划者 10.outcome n. 结果 ) （四） （2024·山西运城·二模）The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management. A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field. Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company. AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years. The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon, putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges. “The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI. On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. Surprisingly, new kinds of routine work also increase, because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen. According to the results of the research, the social features of middle management also changed, because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues, depending on the type of AI that was used. Especially when more developed types of AI, such as chatting robots, were included in the AI systems, they were seen as colleagues. Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges, and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations. For example, they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI. Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management, such as technological understanding and skills, interactive skills and emotional intelligence, problem-solving skills, and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change. “AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members. This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasized when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasize the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says. 12．What does the study find? A．AI becomes less popular in the service field. B．AI makes decisions more fairly than humans. C．AI proves human management is unnecessary. D．AI makes middle management more demanding. 13．What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams? A．Unmentioned. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 14．Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion? A．AI can’t replace human mangers completely. B．Few managers in the service field are needed. C．Employees for managerial positions dislike AI. D．AI devotes more time to ethical considerations. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．The integration of AI into service teams is hard. B．AI takes over human management in many fields. C．AI and human managers are a perfect combination. D．The application of AI influences middle management. 【答案速查】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能（AI）的引入对中层管理工作带来的挑战和变化，以及中层管理者需要具备的新技能和知识。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.”（一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求）可推知，AI使中层管理更具挑战性。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段“The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI. On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. Surprisingly, new kinds of routine work also increase, because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen.”（当日常任务传递给人工智能时，工作的生产力就会提高。另一方面，快速的变化使工作要求更高，而人工智能的集成使不断学习新事物成为必要。令人惊讶的是，新型的日常工作也在增加，因为人工智能的操作需要监控和检查，”助理教授Jonna Koponen说）可知，Jonna Koponen认为将人工智能系统运用到服务团队中有利有弊。由此可推断，Jonna Koponen的态度是“客观的”。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members.”（AI系统还不能完全接管人类在激励和启发团队成员等方面的管理。）可知，Jonna Koponen认为AI不能完全替代人类管理者。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management. A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.”（人工智能（AI）的引入是数字化转型的重要组成部分，给管理层的工作描述带来了挑战和变化。一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求。）可知，本文主要介绍了将人工智能系统融合到金融服务业对中层管理产生的影响。故选D。 ( 原句 A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field. 译文 一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求 。 分析 +--[主句: A study shows] | +--[宾语从句: that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field] | +--[主语: integrating AI systems into service teams] | +--[谓语: increases] | +--[宾语: demands] | +--[宾语补足语: on middle management in the financial services field] ) ( 1.productivity n. 生产力 2.routine n. 日常 3.monitor v. 监控 4.social feature n. 社会特征 5.ethical adj. 道德上的 6.consideration n. 考虑 7.fairness n. 公平 8.technological adj. 技术的 9.emotional intelligence n. 情绪智力 10.combination n. 结合 ) （五） （2024·安徽黄山·二模）At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. 16 Wearing two glowing earrings, there’s a slightly inhuman shade of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? 17 Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the Al-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. The designer looked on the experience of literally replacing the famous painting by one of his AI images crazy and completely surreal. 18 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 19 It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist. In fact, this is not the first time that people have debated AI’s role in creativity. 20 But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common. A．Coming from a museum, it’s really embarrassing. B．However, the AI image raised a fierce argument. C．But look more closely and you may find something different about it. D．One common concern is whether AI-generated works break copyright laws. E．Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish. F．It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence. G．The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills. 【答案速查】16．C 17．F 18．B 19．E 20．G 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Julian van Dieken应用人工智能创造画作并展览。 16．由上文“At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. (乍一看，这似乎是荷兰画家约翰内斯·维米尔的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的少女》)”可知，这里描述这幅画乍一看像名画，而C项But look more closely and you may find something different about it.(但仔细观察，你可能会发现一些不同之处。)符合语境，其中but表示和前文是转折关系，而后文也在解释something different的不同之处，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选C项。 17．由下文“Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the AI-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. (这幅由AI创作的作品是根据维米尔的杰作从3482幅提交的图像中挑选出来的，于3月在荷兰的Maurithuis博物馆展出 )”可知，这里主要讲这幅画是用AI创造出来的。而F项It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence.(这实际上是柏林设计师Julian van Dieken利用人工智能制作的图像。)符合语境，其中using artificial intelligence与下文AI-generated work呼应，有启下作用。故选F项。 18．由下文 “Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. (尽管Mauritshuis新闻官Boris de Munnick坚称这是一幅很好的画，也是一个创作过程，但许多人质疑它是否可以被称为艺术，以及它是否有资格在博物馆画廊展出)”可知，此处主要讲人们对这幅画存在争议。而B项However, the AI image raised a fierce argument.(然而，人工智能图像引发了激烈的争论。)符合语境，其中a fierce argument与下文内容呼应，有启下作用。故选B项。 19．由下文“It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist.(这被认为是对维米尔杰作的不尊重，也是对任何艺术家的不尊重)”可知，这里主要讲一些人不认可这幅画，而E项Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish.(荷兰艺术家Iris Compiet将展出的画描述为几乎是弗兰肯斯坦式的（科学怪人样的）)符合语境，其中 the image on display为后文it的指代内容，所以本句话有启下作用。故选E项。 20．由下文“But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common.(但这项技术现在已经广泛用于日常生活，使用人工智能图像生成器制作艺术的做法也变得越来越普遍)”可知，这里讲这项技术现在已经广泛用于日常生活，而G项The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills.(许多人认为，此类人工智能作品的出现削弱了具有创作技能的艺术家的热情。)符合语境，这里主要讲人工智能作品的弊端，与后文形成对比关系。故选G项。 ( 原句 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 译文 尽管Mauritshuis新闻官Boris de Munnick坚称这是一幅很好的画，也是一个创作过程，但许多人质疑它是否可以被称为艺术，以及它是否有资格在博物馆画廊展出 。 分析 +--[主句: many people questioned] | +--[让步状语从句: Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted] | | | +--[宾语从句: that it was a nice picture and a creative process] | +--[宾语从句: whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery] ) ( 1.masterpiece n. 杰作 2.glowing adj. 发光的 3.submit v. 提交 4.surreal adj. 超现实的 5.qualified adj. 有资格的 6.gallery n. 画廊 7.creativity n. 创造力 8.available adj. 可用的 9.practice n. 实践 10.generator n. 生成器 ) （六） （2024·江西·二模）Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington, DC． He usually 21 to his farm in Nova Scotia, but one year he had to stay in the capital. “Why humans have 22 how to warm a house but not how to cool one — until now,” he wondered, and in 1872, he 23 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃. When 69-year-old Bell told that 24 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School, the students went 25 . The clapping lasted so long that he was 26 to say something more surprising. “Could postage stamps be used in 27 of persons?” asked Bell, who had thought of 28 a low price for public transport, but the cost of building additional roads was too high. “Perhaps, the flying machine will be the 29 .” In the speech, Bell also 30 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight. In the reflection, he was amazed by the 31 made in the past century: Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 32 horse-drawn vehicles. He then went on to 33 the commercial airplane, solar panels, and the 34 for renewable resources. Gilbert Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic magazine, asked for the 35 and published a revised version in the February issue. Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient (预见性的). 21．A．wandered B．escaped C．flew D．applied 22．A．agreed on B．insisted on C．figured out D．ruled out 23．A．designed B．bought C．saw D．borrowed 24．A．accident B．loss C．problem D．story 25．A．wild B．hungry C．disappointed D．silent 26．A．allowed B．forced C．paid D．chosen 27．A．favor B．memory C．transportation D．case 28．A．cutting B．raising C．avoiding D．charging 29．A．pollution B．solution C．discovery D．issue 30．A．relied B．switched C．reflected D．called 31．A．profits B．advances C．materials D．failures 32．A．replaced B．destroyed C．attacked D．missed 33．A．sell B．rent C．invent D．predict 34．A．deadline B．competition C．need D．balance 35．A．text B．book C．contract D．interview 【答案速查】 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Alexander Graham Bell于1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃，1917年他69 岁，在麦金利手工培训学校毕业班的演讲中预测到了未来人们会用商用飞机、太阳能电池板以及对可再生资源有需求。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场，但有一年他不得不留在首都。A. wandered漫游；B. escaped逃跑；C. flew飞；D. applied应用。由下文“but one year he had to stay in the capital.”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场，但是有一年他不得不留在首都。故选B。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“为什么人类已经知道了如何给房子取暖，直到现在却不知道如何给房子降温，”他想知道，1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。A. agreed on就……同意；B. insisted on坚持；C. figured out解决；D. ruled out排除在外。由上文“how to warm a house but not how to cool one”可知，人类已经解决了如何给房子取暖这个问题。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“为什么人类已经知道了如何给房子取暖，直到现在却不知道如何给房子降温，”他想知道，1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。A. designed设计；B. bought买；C. saw看见；D. borrowed借。由下文“a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃.”可知，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当69岁的贝尔在对麦金利手工培训学校1917年毕业班的演讲中讲述这个故事时，学生们变得非常兴奋。A. accident事故；B. loss损失；C. problem问题；D. story故事。由上文“When 69-year-old Bell told that”可知，Bell讲述自己设计一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃的故事。故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当69岁的贝尔在对麦金利手工培训学校1917年毕业班的演讲中讲述这个故事时，学生们变得非常兴奋。A. wild感情强烈的（尤指生气、高兴或激动）；B. hungry饥饿的；C. disappointed失望的；D. silent沉默的。由下文“The clapping lasted so long”可知，当Bell讲述自己设计一种冷空气产生装置的故事时，学生们都给他鼓掌，这说明学生们在听到这个事情后很兴奋，go wild意为“变得非常喧闹和兴奋”。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：掌声持续了太久，他被迫说出了一些更令人惊讶的话。A. allowed允许；B. forced迫使；C. paid支付；D. chosen选择。由上文“The clapping lasted so long that he”可知，学生太热情了，这迫使他说出了一些令人惊讶的话。故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“邮票能用于人员运输吗？”贝尔问道，他曾想过降低公共交通的费用，但修建额外道路的成本太高了。A. favor偏爱；B. memory记忆；C. transportation运输；D. case案件。由上文“Could postage stamps be used in”可知，此处指贝尔问道，邮票是否能用于人员运输。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“邮票能用于人员运输吗？”贝尔问道，他曾想过降低公共交通的费用，但修建额外道路的成本太高了。A. cutting切；B. raising提高；C. avoiding避免；D. charging收费。由下文“a low price for public transport”可知，公共交通的收费。故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许，飞行器就是解决方案。A. pollution人口；B. solution解决方法；C. discovery发现；D. issue问题。上文提到修建额外道路的成本太高这一问题，结合上文“Perhaps, the flying machine will be the”可知，针对这一问题的解决方案是飞行器。故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔在演讲中还回顾了一个世纪的进步，并以卓越的远见卓识展望未来。A. relied依靠，依赖；B. switched交换；C. reflected反应；D. called打电话。reflect on固定搭配，意为“回忆；回顾”，由下文“In the reflection”可知，他还回顾了一个世纪的进步。故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回顾中，他对过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶：煤气灯演变成电灯泡，汽车取代了马车。A. profits利润；B. advances进步；C. materials材料；D. failures失败的人或事。由上文“on a century of progress”可知，他回顾了过去一个世纪的进步，为过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶。故选B。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在回顾中，他对过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶：煤气灯演变成电灯泡，汽车取代了马车。A. replaced代替；B. destroyed毁坏；C. attacked攻击；D. missed错过。由下文“horse-drawn vehicles.”和常识可知，随着科技的进步，汽车取代了马车。故选A。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他继续预测商用飞机、太阳能电池板和对可再生资源的需求。A. sell卖；B. rent租用；C. invent发明；D. predict预测。由下文“Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient”可知，此处是同词复现，指的是他预测到了未来人们会用商用飞机、太阳能电池板以及对可再生资源有需求。故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他继续预测商用飞机、太阳能电池板和对可再生资源的需求。A. deadline截止日期；B. competition竞赛；C. need需求；D. balance平衡。由下文“for renewable resources.”和常识可知，人们对可再资源是有需求的。故选C。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《国家地理》杂志主编吉尔伯特·格罗夫纳 (Gilbert Grosvenor) 索要了该文本，并在二月刊上发表了修改版。A. text文本；B. book书；C. contract合同；D. interview采访，面试。根据第三段中“When 69-year-old Bell told that ____4___ in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School”可知，此处指贝尔在1917年发表演讲的文本。故选A。 ( 1.temperature n. 温度 2.flying machine n. 飞行器 3.progress n. 进步 4.foresight n. 预见 5.evolve v. 进化 6.commercial adj. 商业的 7.renewable adj. 可再生的 8.resources n. 资源 9.prescient adj. 预见性的 10.issue n. 期刊，问题 ) （一） （2024·新课标II卷）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 1．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 2．What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre-seeded pods. 3．What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards. 【答案速查】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 （二） （2023·北京·高考真题）What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’” As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere. Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 5．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is . A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful 6．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 7．What can we learn from this passage? A．ALife holds the key to human future. B．ALife and AI share a common feature. C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 8．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too? 【答案速查】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。 （三） （2024·新课标I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 9 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 10 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 11 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 12 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 13 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 14 first time. These plants included modern Western 15 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 16 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 17 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 18 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案速查】 9．engineering 10．functional 11．to give 12．closed 13．walks 14．the 15．favorites 16．as 17．which/that 18．richness 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 9．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 10．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 12．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 14．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 15．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 16．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 17．考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 18．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你所在的学校近期引入了一些人工智能（AI）技术应用，用以帮助学生学习和日常生活。请你根据以下提示，给校刊英语专栏写一篇短文，谈谈你对此的看法。内容包括： 1.AI在你校的具体应用； 2.AI带来的便利； 3.你对此的看法。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, I am writing to talk about the recent application of AI technology in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________        Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Editor, I am writing to talk about the recent application of AI technology in our school. Our school has integrated AI in several ways, including smart classrooms and personalized learning platforms, significantly enhancing the educational experience. The introduction of AI-powered tools, such as virtual assistants for study help and the AI analysis system for personal learning plans, has greatly facilitated our studies. It makes learning more interactive and suitable for individual students. In my opinion, the inclusion of AI in our education system is a progressive step toward a future way of learning. It not only makes learning more efficient but also prepares us for technology-driven future careers. I look forward to seeing more innovative applications of AI in our school. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你所在的学校近期引入了一些人工智能（AI）技术应用，用以帮助学生学习和日常生活。要求考生给校刊英语专栏写一篇短文，谈谈你对此的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 显著：significantly→markedly 促进：facilitate→stimulate 适合：suitable→fit 在我看来：in my opinion→in my view 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Our school has integrated AI in several ways, including smart classrooms and personalized learning platforms, significantly enhancing the educational experience. 拓展句：Our school has integrated AI in several ways, including smart classrooms and personalized learning platforms, which significantly enhance the educational experience. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Our school has integrated AI in several ways, including smart classrooms and personalized learning platforms, significantly enhancing the educational experience. (运用了现在分词短语作状语) [高分句型2] I look forward to seeing more innovative applications of AI in our school. (运用了动名词短语作宾语) ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$