专题07 阅读理解之说明文(高考真题+广东名校模拟)-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(广东专用)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文(高考真题+广东名校模拟) 近年高考真题 （2024年新高考I卷高考真题）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 1．What do we know about the records of species collected now? A．They are becoming outdated. B．They are mostly in electronic form. C．They are limited in number. D．They are used for public exhibition. 2．What does Daru’s study focus on? A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens. C．Observational data. D．Mobile applications. 3．What has led to the biases according to the study? A．Mistakes in data analysis. B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C．Improper way of sampling. D．Unreliable data collection devices. 4．What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A．Review data from certain areas. B．Hire experts to check the records. C．Confirm the identity of the users. D．Give guidance to citizen scientists. （2023年新高考I卷高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 5．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect. C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment. 6．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 7．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members. C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates. 8．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. （2023年新高考I卷高考真题）The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 9．What is the book aimed at? A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device. 10．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over. 11．What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods. C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses. 12．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends. C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them. 2024年高考模拟真题 （2024·广东·模拟预测）Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals, but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living, even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year. These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land. The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords, where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals, according to a report in the journal Science. Climate change is making sea ice more and more scarce. Loss of sea ice is “the primary threat to polar bears,” says Kristin Laidre of the University of Washington, lead author of the new study. But, she says, this new work suggests some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice — at least for a while — in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice. While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland, it’s a remote, challenging environment that’s not frequented by humans. “It’s a coastline with huge mountain peaks, lots of winds, extreme conditions and plenty of fogs,” says Laidre, who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland’s 1,800-mile-long east coast. To see what they could find in southeast Greenland, the team had to take helicopters from the nearest settlement and fly for two hours in a straight line to the coast, “We arrived in these fjords, very isolated fjords, and there’s essentially no sea ice or very poor sea ice offshore,” says Laidre, explaining that the researchers expected to find few bears. “But there were a lot of bears in these fjords,” she says. “It was clearly just a unique habitat.” The sea ice persisted in these fjords for only around a hundred days a year, she notes, meaning that bears don’t have much time to use it as a hunting ground. 1．What does the underlined word “supplement” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Keep up with. B．Look forward to. C．Look down on. D．Make up for. 2．What will happen to pieces of glacial ice after falling off? A．They will form various fjords. B．They will exist in fjords for only two hundred years. C．They will gather to be a platform for polar bears to hunt. D．They will float into cold places and never disappear. 3．What is the environment like in southeast Greenland? A．Severe. B．Crowded. C．Pleasant. D．Windless. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Polar bears are on the edge of dying out. B．Polar bears have another way to hunt with little sea ice. C．Polar bears no longer need sea ice to hunt seals. D．Polar bears can replace sea water with fresh water. （2024·广东佛山·二模）In the age of the selfie, taking photos of yourself has become a daily activity. Half of all teenagers regularly post selfies. But what happens when the desire for the best selfie starts damaging nature—or even ourselves? Social media tourism is dramatically changing who visits natural places like Figure Eight Pools in Sydney’s Royal National Park. Many people are now drawn to these places for the best selfie background. These new tourists, motivated to seek out photos and selfies, sometimes ignore warning signs or bans on drones (无人机). Thus, many people have been severely injured or killed by taking risky selfies and photos in dangerous locations. Additionally, drone use can cause environmental harm if drones catch fire or batteries leak. The search for the perfect selfie can also harm animals, protected plants and even First Nations rock art. In some cases, selfies have become a long-term threat to ecosystems. But for land managers, perhaps the biggest challenge is satisfying increased interest while keeping people safe. They are working to assist this new demand by reshaping nature to make better scenery—and keep visitors safer. At Moran Falls in Queensland’s Lamington National Park, a famous view had been blocked by plants, driving some visitors to jump the fence at the viewing platform and stand directly on top of a very tall cliff (悬崖). As a solution, land managers have the trees trimmed (修剪) and then use the fallen branches to hide the track made by selfie-seekers. These land managers are wondering why traditional measures like signs and warnings often prove ineffective? The answer may lie in social recognition For many, the risk seems worth the reward if it means gaining admiration on social media. Nature-based content on popular social media platforms like TikTok often performs very well, giving other would-be influencers the motive to seek out new locations. This problem has been created by the combination of social media and human psychology. To solve it, we might look at how these two factors interact. Responsible selfie and tourism campaigns on popular social media platforms could be a start. 5．Why are many people attracted to visit places like Figure Eight Pools? A．To appreciate the natural beauty. B．To seek adventure and excitement. C．To search for the ideal selfie setting. D．To test the use of drones for photography. 6．How is Paragraph 4 developed? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By analyzing causes. D．By making comparisons. 7．What leads to the failure of traditional measures? A．Risks are often ignored by people B．Rules are rarely followed by people. C．Exploring new attractions is preferred. D．Social media attention is valued more. 8．What solution is suggested in the last paragraph? A．Launching tourism campaigns B．Promoting proper behaviors online C．Banning selfies in natural landscape. D．Restricting access to social media platforms. （2024·广东佛山·二模）Scientists in Brazil have developed a vaccine (疫苗) that prevents addicts from feeling pleasure from the illegal drug, cocaine (可卡因), making the addiction stop right away. The vaccine, Calixcoca, works by stimulating the user’s immune system to produce antibodies (抗体) when cocaine is detected in the body. These antibodies attach themselves to cocaine in the blood, making it physically too large to pass into the brain’s reward system, where it can make the user feel pleasure. Different from the failed U. S. vaccine, Calixcoca uses artificial components produced in a lab rather than natural ones, which makes it cheaper to produce and easier to store since the vaccine does not need to be stored at low temperatures. Calixcoca has so far proven effective in testing on animals, producing significant levels of antibodies against cocaine and few side effects. It also protected unborn baby rats against cocaine, researchers found, suggesting it could be used in humans to protect the unborn babies from being damaged by their mother’s addiction. It is hoped that the introduction of such vaccines will be a significant tool in preventing deaths from cocaine use. The vaccine is now set to enter the final stage of trials: testing on humans. The first tests on humans have had a 72% success rate in clinical settings. Given that the current treatment for cocaine addiction is only effective in 20% of patients, “anything that is more than 20% effective is already a lot,” said Garcia, a mental health doctor. He also emphasized that, while the vaccine shows promising results, it won’t be a cure-all for everyone. It targets people struggling with addiction, especially “those who are just off cocaine and want to stay that way”. Ideally, it would be used for patients during important phases of their recovery, like when they leave the drug addiction treatment centre. 9．How can the vaccine Calixcoca stop cocaine addiction? A．By locating cocaine in the body. B．By strengthening the immune system. C．By increasing the antibodies in the blood. D．By stopping cocaine going into the brain. 10．How is the Calixcoca vaccine different from the U.S. vaccine? A．It can be found in nature. B．It costs less to make. C．It should be kept in the cold. D． It has a lower success rate. 11．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about the vaccine? A．Its side effects. B．Its possible benefits. C．Its target users. D．Its testing process. 12．What could be the best title for the passage? A．A Universal Cure for Cocaine Addicts B．A Breakthrough in Vaccine Production C．A Promising Vaccine for Cocaine Addiction D．A Treatment of Cocaine Addiction in Brazil （2024·广东惠州·一模）Hearing live music may be more emotional than listening to a recording of the same tune because it brings about greater activity in the part of the brain linked to processing emotions: Sascha Frühholz at the University of Zurich in Switzerland and his team composed 12 pieces of music, each lasting 30 seconds. Half were written with the aim of expressing negative emotions, such as sadness and anger. These were slower, less harmonious and included more minor chords (和弦) than the remaining songs, written to arouse positive emotions. The researchers then employed 27 people who weren’t musically trained, to listen to these 12 pieces twice — once performed by a live pianist, which the participants heard through a speaker, and once as a recording. The order they listened to them was randomly assigned, with 30 seconds of silence in between. People didn’t know when they were hearing a recording or live music. While listening to the music, the participants lay in an MRI scanner (扫描仪) so the team could monitor their brain activity. The pianist then adapted the volume and speed of the piece according to the brain activity. For example, if someone was showing little activity in response to a positive piece of music, the pianist might play louder. “Recorded music is not adaptive to now a listener is responding, but live pianists often adapt the music to the audience to get the best response from them,” says Frühholz. Live performances of both the negative and positive pieces led to increased brain activity in the left amygdala, the region of the brain that is strongly linked to assigning sensory stimuli, such as sounds, to certain emotions. The recorded tunes caused much less, and more inconsistent, activity in the left amygdala. This matched how emotive the participants rated each piece of music after the experiment. The findings show that live music strengthens our emotional response, probably due to its free-flowing and active nature. 13．Which aspect of live music does Sascha Frühholz’s research focus on? A．The technical skill of live musicians. B．The popularity of live music concerts. C．Its emotional impact on listeners’ brain D．Its lack of interaction with the audience 14．What made the audience receive the best response from live musicians? A．Their harmonious tune. B．Their emotional performance. C．Their adjustment to the listeners. D．Their connection with the audience. 15．How did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．By analyzing the data. B．By comparing brain activity. C．By grouping the participants. D．By asking certain questions. 16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．What could live music bring us? B．What emotions could live music express? C．Why does live music make us so emotional? D．Why does live music outweigh recorded music? （2024·广东惠州·一模）A new trend has popped up in China with many young people abandoning brand (品牌) names to create makeshift handbags out of things like reusable grocery bags and other materials. One example is the Shenzhen bag, which includes canvas (帆布) bags, paper bags, milk tea packages that people carry around in Guangdong Province. Makeshift handbags like the “Shenzhen bag” are also common among young people in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou. People find the bags practical, wearable and fashionable, and they can be carried on the shoulder or the back. This emerging trend reveals a new attitude to consumption as young people in China begin to pursue a simple and shared life, with consumers no longer blindly pursuing brand names as a status (身份) symbol, but advocating a simple and low-carbon lifestyle. In addition to the handbags, and regardless of their monthly incomes, many young people are living more casually, in line with a “good enough mentality”. Loose T-shirts, Crocs, and canvas bags are basically standard mode. “Consumers today are becoming more mature and rational. They are pursuing smarter consumption through careful consideration and calculation to find the cheapest; most practical, cost-effective way of shopping,” says. Wang Ning, a sociology professor at Nanjing’s Southeast University. Economists believe that China’s Generation Z no longer blindly pursues brands and luxury goods or buys things for brand name and status. Instead, they pay more attention to their actual needs, quality, and experience of buying, and prefer sharing and secondhand purchases. They also advocate environmental protection and sustainable consumption. Price-aware Chinese consumers have also begun to place a greater emphasis on their inner selves. Driven by rational consumption, many young people no longer save to buy a brand-name bag, but for self-improvement. The new handbag trend has also created business opportunities. Reusing packaging used for food brands as handbags results in mobile advertising for the associated brands, and the phenomenon of the “Shenzhen Bag” has also benefited paper bag companies. 17．What is the feature of “Shenzhen bag”? A．A popular luxury brand of handbag. B．A makeshift handbag symbolizing status. C．A traditional handbag designed for specific people. D．A temporary handbag that was once for another use. 18．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “rational” in paragraph 3? A．Conservative. B．Reliable. C．Sensible. D．Considerate. 19．What contributes to the change in consumption habits among China’s Generation Z? A．A belief for a plain and green lifestyle. B．A neglect of environmental protection. C．Blind pursuit of brand names and luxury goods. D．Focus on outer appearance rather than inner selves. 20．What is the text? A．A book review. B．A news report. C．A business plan. D．A research article. （2024·广东茂名·二模）Tai chi is known to increase flexibility and improve balance. Now, new research suggests it’s better than more vigorous aerobic (有氧的) exercise for lowering blood pressure in people with prehypertension (高血压前期). In the new study, researchers in China randomly assigned 342 adults with prehypertension to one of two groups. The average age of participants was 49. Roughly half the people participated in guided aerobic exercise, including jogging, climbing stairs, and cycling. The other half was trained to practice tai chi. Both groups got hour-long sessions four times a week. After 12 months, those in the tai chi group saw bigger drops in their blood pressure than those in the aerobic exercise group. What’s more, nearly 22% of the people who practiced tai chi saw their blood pressure fall to within normal range, compared with nearly 16% of people in the aerobic exercise group. And fewer patients in the tai chi group went on to develop hypertension than in the aerobic exercise group. So how does tai chi help lower blood pressure? “The practice tends to stimulate more of a response from the Parasympathetic Nervous System (副交感神经系统) or PNS for short.” says Ruth Taylor-Piliae, a professor at the University of Arizona’s College of Nursing. The PNS is the network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger. “The PNS helps us relax everything, and I think it is the response that is lowering blood pressure,” says Ruth Taylor-Piliae, “I think it’s also the meditative quality of tai chi.” The practice is appealing as a form of exercise because it requires little space or equipment. “I think the beauty of tai chi is that you don’t have to own a special gym membership; you don’t have to buy special clothing,” Ruth Taylor-Piliae says. “Once you learn tai chi, you can do it anytime, anyplace, anywhere. And it does provide that calming, relaxing effect.” 21．What is the main focus of the research in the text? A．The impact of prehypertension on health. B．The benefits of aerobic exercise on health. C．The effect of tai chi on lowering blood pressure. D．The role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System in exercise. 22．What can we infer about the study from paragraph 2 and 3? A．Tai chi group gained more benefits. B．Participants were adults chosen at random. C．Age and gender were taken into consideration. D．Aerobic exercise group hardly developed hypertension. 23．According to Ruth Taylor-Piliae, which is the key factor in tai chi’s impact on blood pressure? A．Responses from the PNS. B．Increased intensity of exercise. C．Activation of the nervous system. D．Requirements of special equipment for practice. 24．What does Ruth Taylor-Piliae think of tai chi? A．Costly. B．Convenient. C．Instructive. D．Demanding. （2024·广东广州·三模）The most obvious dog fetish (迷恋) today is the longing for cuteness. Almost every day you can see adorable pictures of dogs and other animals that will make you smile and say, "How cute!" It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the "cute economy" which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets. The goal is to generate a positive response, probably followed by a tap on the screen to "like" and "share". We can click through image after image of cute animals doing cute things, feeling a little boost of good cheer. The marketing researchers have identified some of the most common categories of cuteness in online pet content: animals doing silly things; animals of extreme size; animals with unusual looks; and animals behaving in ways that seem human-like. Dogs and other animals in the "cute economy" are often further humanized by being dressed in clothing and accessorized (装饰) with hats, jewellery, nail polish and fur dyed a rainbow of colors. Users who post successfully and with some strategies can make money by doing so. Thus, certain dogs have become cuteness celebrities, with millions of devoted followers and paid content from advertisers. Unfortunately, the price of the "cute economy" comes at a serious cost. The cutest and most popular breeds tend to be those with the most significant risk of health and behavioral problems. Cuteness is often coupled with their discomfort. People are drawn to the cuteness of dogs with extremely foreshortened skulls and extremely short legs and awkwardly long bodies, such as the French bulldog and the corgi Actually, there are well-established health issues. We should treat the "cute economy" with caution, like resisting the commodification (商品化) of appearance by opting out of social media channels promoting the "cute economy". We can also choose not to "like" or "share" images of dogs whose cuteness is linked with discomfort. Although we are biologically attracted to dogs that are super cute, we should be mindful in our "impulses". 25．What is the key to the "cute economy" according to the text? A．Taking photos of different animals. B．Cute animals' attractive appearance. C．Pets' owners' liking adorable pictures. D．Posting cute animals' pictures on social media. 26．Which kind of cuteness is most likely to be the online pet content? A．A normal-sized dog is eating bones. B．A white cat is quietly lying next to its owner. C．A parrot dressed in a suit is singing and dancing. D．A monkey is attentively taking care of its baby. 27．What is the side effect of the "cute economy"? A．It will change the animals' nature. B．It may make the animals not so cute. C．It will result in a decline in animal population. D．It may cause health problems to the animals. 28．What may be the best title for the text? A．Attractive Pictures of Animals B．Happiness From Pets C．The "Cute Economy" and Its Price D．Marketing Strategy — Cuteness （2024·广东江门·一模）Schools need to give students all the tools they need to navigate the world when they graduate. Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmatic, teaching about mindfullness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have. The state of Florida agrees. Now, public schools in Florida have been required to teach five or more hours about mental health for students in grades 6-12. This new directive was approved by the Florida Board of Education in July and is being carried out as a potential lifesaver. The new curriculum requires students to learn about the symptoms of mental illness and where to find help if they are feeling depressed or have other issues and even teaches the adolescents how to help their friends and classmates if they see them struggling. “We know that 50 percent of all mental illness cases begin by age 14, so we are being active in our commitment to provide our kids with the necessary tools to see them through their successes and challenges. Providing mental health instruction is another important step forward in supporting our families,” Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said. Florida is the third state, following New York and Virginia in 2020, to pass laws that require mental health education in schools. According to CNN, the New York law updated the health curriculum to include mental health for elementary, middle and high school students. The Virginia law required that mental health education be provided for 9th and 10th graders. These three states in the US are taking bold steps to help youth deal with the intricacy of life as they grow from adolescents into adults. It is a confusing world they face and giving them the tools to navigate it safely is essential. Mental health is something that should be taught in schools in all the US and across the globe. 29．What can the new curriculum bring students? A．Basic professional skills. B．The ability to use language. C．Emotional management skills. D．Diagnosis of physical diseases. 30．What does Richard Corcoran intend to stress in paragraph 4? A．The effect of mental illness cases. B．The content of the health curriculum. C．The step of mental health instruction. D．The importance of mental health education. 31．What does the underlined word “intricacy” mean in paragraph 6? A．Complexity. B．Purpose. C．Contribution. D．Significance. 32．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A technology report. B．A natural science magazine. C．An educational website. D．A government document. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 【点睛】 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 【点睛】 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 11．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 12．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。 2024年高考模拟真题 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了由于气候变化导致海冰减少，生活在格陵兰岛东南部的一群北极熊找到了一种新的狩猎方式：利用从陆地冰川落入峡湾的淡水冰来捕捉海豹。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land.”（这些北极熊找到了一种方法，通过在来自陆地冰川的淡水冰上狩猎来补充其有限的海冰供应。）可知，北极熊通过在来自陆地冰川的淡水冰上狩猎来补充其有限的海冰供应。由此可知，supplement 意为“补充”，与 make up for 意思相近。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords, where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals, according to a report in the journal Science.”（根据《科学》杂志的一篇报道，冰川冰破碎成碎片落入峡湾，这些碎片聚集在一起形成一个浮动平台，北极熊用它来捕捉海豹。）可知，冰川冰破碎成碎片落入峡湾，这些碎片聚集在一起形成一个浮动平台，北极熊用它来捕捉海豹。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland, it's a remote, challenging environment that's not frequented by humans. “It's a coastline with huge mountain peaks, lots of winds, extreme conditions and plenty of fogs,” says Laidre, who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland's 1,800-mile-long east coast.”（虽然当地人早就知道北极熊生活在格陵兰岛东南部，但那里是一个遥远、充满挑战的环境，人类并不常去。“这是一条海岸线，有巨大的山峰、狂风、极端条件和大量的雾，” Laidre 说，他多年来一直与同事合作，对生活在格陵兰岛 1800 英里长的东海岸的北极熊进行调查。）可知，格陵兰岛东南部是一个遥远、充满挑战的环境，人类并不常去。由此可知，格陵兰岛东南部的环境很恶劣。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals, but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living, even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year.”（北极熊通常需要海冰来捕猎海豹，但一群生活在格陵兰岛东南部山区海岸的孤立北极熊已经找到了谋生的方法，尽管那里的海冰在每年年初就会融化。）以及文章第二段“These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land.”（这些北极熊找到了一种方法，通过在来自陆地冰川的淡水冰上狩猎来补充其有限的海冰供应。）可知，文章主要讲述了北极熊在海冰减少的情况下，如何利用冰川冰上的淡水冰来捕猎。故选B项。 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了许多人被吸引到各大景点寻找理想的自拍环境，这对环境造成破坏，文章分析其中的原因并提出了解决方案。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Social media tourism is dramatically changing who visits natural places like Figure Eight Pools in Sydney’s Royal National Park. Many people are now drawn to these places for the best selfie background.(社交媒体旅游正在极大地改变着人们参观悉尼皇家国家公园“八字形泳池”等自然景点的方式。现在很多人都被吸引到这些地方寻找最好的自拍背景。)”可知，许多人被吸引到像“八字池”这样的地方是为了寻找理想的自拍环境。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“But for land managers, perhaps the biggest challenge is satisfying increased interest while keeping people safe. They are working to assist this new demand by reshaping nature to make better scenery—and keep visitors safer. At Moran Falls in Queensland’s Lamington National Park, a famous view had been blocked by plants, driving some visitors to jump the fence at the viewing platform and stand directly on top of a very tall cliff (悬崖). As a solution, land managers have the trees trimmed (修剪) and then use the fallen branches to hide the track made by selfie-seekers.(但对于土地管理者来说，最大的挑战可能是在保证人们安全的同时满足人们日益增长的兴趣。他们正在努力通过重塑自然，创造更好的风景来满足这一新的需求，同时保证游客的安全。在昆士兰州拉明顿国家公园的莫兰瀑布，一个著名的景观被植物挡住了，迫使一些游客跳过观景台的栅栏，直接站在一个非常高的悬崖上。为了解决这个问题，土地管理者让人修剪树木，然后用掉落的树枝掩盖自拍者留下的痕迹。)”可知，第四段通过举例展开。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The answer may lie in social recognition For many, the risk seems worth the reward if it means gaining admiration on social media.(对许多人来说，如果能在社交媒体上赢得赞赏，那么冒险似乎是值得的。)”可知，社交媒体的关注更有价值，这导致了传统措施的失败。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This problem has been created by the combination of social media and human psychology. To solve it, we might look at how these two factors interact. Responsible selfie and tourism campaigns on popular social media platforms could be a start.(这个问题是由社交媒体和人类心理的结合造成的。为了解决这个问题，我们可以看看这两个因素是如何相互作用的。在流行的社交媒体平台上开展负责任的自拍和旅游活动可能是一个开始。)”可知，最后一段提出的解决方案是提倡正确的网络行为。故选B。 9．D 10．B 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了一种有前途的可卡因成瘾疫苗。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The vaccine, Calixcoca, works by stimulating the user’s immune system to produce antibodies (抗体) when cocaine is detected in the body. These antibodies attach themselves to cocaine in the blood, making it physically too large to pass into the brain’s reward system, where it can make the user feel pleasure.(这种名为 Calixcoca的疫苗的工作原理是，当体内检测到可卡因时，刺激用户的免疫系统产生抗体。这些抗体附着在血液中的可卡因上，使其体积过大，无法进入大脑的奖励系统，从而使使用者感到愉悦。)”可知，疫苗Calixcoca产生的抗体可附着在血液中的可卡因上，增大可卡因体积，使其无法进入大脑给使用者带来愉悦，进而阻止可卡因成瘾。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Different from the failed U. S. vaccine, Calixcoca uses artificial components produced in a lab rather than natural ones, which makes it cheaper to produce and easier to store since the vaccine does not need to be stored at low temperatures.(与失败的美国疫苗不同的是，Calixcoca使用实验室生产的人工成分而不是天然成分，这使得生产成本更低，更容易储存，因为疫苗不需要在低温下储存。)”可知，与美国疫苗不同，Calixcoca的生产成本更低，故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Calixcoca has so far proven effective in testing on animals, producing significant levels of antibodies against cocaine and few side effects. It also protected unborn baby rats against cocaine, researchers found, suggesting it could be used in humans to protect the unborn babies from being damaged by their mother’s addiction. It is hoped that the introduction of such vaccines will be a significant tool in preventing deaths from cocaine use.(到目前为止， Calixcoca在动物试验中被证明是有效的，产生了大量的抗可卡因抗体，并且几乎没有副作用。研究人员发现，它还可以保护未出生的幼鼠免受可卡因的伤害，这表明它可以用于人类，以保护未出生的婴儿免受母亲成瘾的伤害。希望这种疫苗的引入将成为预防因使用可卡因而死亡的一个重要工具。)”可知，第四段告诉我们疫苗可能的好处，可用于保护未出生的婴儿免受母亲成瘾的伤害等，故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists in Brazil have developed a vaccine (疫苗) that prevents addicts from feeling pleasure from the illegal drug, cocaine (可卡因), making the addiction stop right away.(巴西科学家开发了一种疫苗，可以防止上瘾者从非法药物可卡因中获得快感，从而立即停止上瘾。)”可知，本文主要讲述了一种有前途的可卡因成瘾疫苗，故C项“A Promising Vaccine for Cocaine Addiction(一种有前途的可卡因成瘾疫苗)”符合文章标题，故选C项。 13．C 14．C 15．B 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苏黎世大学的Sascha Frühholz团队的研究发现，听现场音乐比听录音音乐更能激发大脑情绪处理区域的活动，这可能是因为现场音乐更具互动性和流动性。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hearing live music may be more emotional than listening to a recording of the same tune because it brings about greater activity in the part of the brain linked to processing emotions”（听现场音乐可能比听同一曲调的录音更能激发人的情感，因为它能使大脑中与处理情感有关的部分更加活跃）可知，Sascha Frühholz的研究重点是现场音乐对听众大脑的情感影响。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Recorded music is not adaptive to now a listener is responding, but live pianists often adapt the music to the audience to get the best response from them”（录制的音乐并不能适应听众的反应，但是现场的钢琴家经常会根据听众的反应来调整音乐以获得最好的反应）可知，现场音乐家对听众的调整使得观众从现场音乐家那里得到最好的回应。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“While listening to the music, the participants lay in an MRI scanner (扫描仪) so the team could monitor their brain activity. The pianist then adapted the volume and speed of the piece according to the brain activity.”（在听音乐时，参与者躺在核磁共振扫描仪上，这样研究小组就能监测他们的大脑活动。然后，钢琴家根据大脑活动调整乐曲的音量和速度。）及第六段“Live performances of both the negative and positive pieces led to increased brain activity in the left amygdala, the region of the brain that is strongly linked to assigning sensory stimuli, such as sounds, to certain emotions.”（对消极和积极部分的现场表演导致左侧杏仁核的大脑活动增加，这是大脑的一个区域，与将感官刺激（如声音）分配到某些情绪密切相关。）可知，研究人员通过比较大脑活动做实验。故选B项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hearing live music may be more emotional than listening to a recording of the same tune because it brings about greater activity in the part of the brain linked to processing emotions”（听现场音乐可能比听同一曲调的录音更能激发人的情感，因为它能使大脑中与处理情感有关的部分更加活跃）以及最后一段“The findings show that live music strengthens our emotional response, probably due to its free-flowing and active nature.”（研究结果表明，现场音乐会增强我们的情绪反应，这可能是由于它的自由流动性和活跃性。）可知，文章主要介绍了苏黎世大学的Sascha Frühholz团队的研究发现，听现场音乐比听录音音乐更能激发大脑情绪处理区域的活动，原因是现场音乐更具互动性和流动性。可推知C项“Why does live music make us so emotional?”（为什么现场音乐会让我们如此情绪化？）符合文意主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。 17．D 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国年轻人流行用帆布袋、纸袋等废旧物品制作简易手提包，如“深圳包”。这种趋势反映了年轻人追求简单和低碳生活方式，不再盲目追求品牌和奢侈品。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new trend has popped up in China with many young people abandoning brand (品牌) names to create makeshift handbags out of things like reusable grocery bags and other materials.”（中国出现了一种新趋势，许多年轻人放弃品牌名称，用可重复使用的杂货袋和其他材料制作临时手袋。）可知“深圳包”是一个临时手提包，曾经有别的用途。故选D项。 18．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“‘They are pursuing smarter consumption through careful consideration and calculation to find the cheapest; most practical, cost-effective way of shopping,’ says. Wang Ning, a sociology professor at Nanjing’s Southeast University.”（南京东南大学社会学教授王宁说：“他们追求更聪明的消费，通过仔细考虑和计算，找到最便宜、最实用、性价比最高的购物方式。”）可知“rational”在此处指的是通过仔细考虑和计算来进行更聪明的消费。A. Conservative保守的；B. Reliable可靠的；C. Sensible明智的；D. Considerate体贴的。可知C项“Sensible”符合此处语境。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This emerging trend reveals a new attitude to consumption as young people in China begin to pursue a simple and shared life, with consumers no longer blindly pursuing brand names as a status (身份) symbol, but advocating a simple and low-carbon lifestyle.”（这一新兴趋势揭示了一种新的消费态度，即中国年轻人开始追求简单、共享的生活，消费者不再盲目追求名牌作为身份的象征，而是倡导简单、低碳的生活方式。）以及第四段中“They also advocate environmental protection and sustainable consumption.”（他们还倡导环境保护和可持续消费。）可知，是简单而绿色的生活信念促进了中国 Z 世代消费习惯的改变。故选A项。 20．文章出处题。根据第一段中“A new trend has popped up in China with many young people abandoning brand ( 品牌 ) names to create makeshift handbags out of things like reusable grocery bags and other materials.”（中国出现了一种新趋势，许多年轻人放弃品牌名称，用可重复使用的杂货袋和其他材料制作临时手袋。）并结合通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国年轻人流行用帆布袋、纸袋等废旧物品制作简易手提包，如“深圳包”。这种趋势反映了年轻人追求简单和低碳生活方式，不再盲目追求品牌和奢侈品。这篇文章描述了一种新兴的消费趋势，并引用了专家和经济学家的观点，符合新闻报道的特点。故选B项。 21．C 22．A 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现太极比剧烈的有氧运动更能降低高血压前期人群的血压。文章详细介绍了研究过程、结果以及太极可能有助于降低血压的原因，并强调了太极作为锻炼方式的便利性和普适性。 21．细节理解题。根据文章首段“Now, new research suggests it’s better than more vigorous aerobic (有氧的) exercise for lowering blood pressure in people with prehypertension (高血压前期).”（现在，新的研究表明，对于高血压前期的人来说，它比更剧烈的有氧运动更能降低血压。）可知，文中研究的主要焦点是太极对降低血压的影响。故选C项。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And fewer patients in the tai chi group went on to develop hypertension than in the aerobic exercise group.”（太极组中继续发展成高血压的患者比有氧运动组少。）可以推断出，太极组获得了更多的益处。故选A项。 23．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中Ruth Taylor-Piliae的话“The PNS helps us relax everything, and I think it is the response that is lowering blood pressure,”（副交感神经系统帮助我们放松一切，我认为正是这种反应降低了血压，）可知，根据Ruth Taylor-Piliae的说法，太极对血压影响的关键因素是来自副交感神经系统的反应。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Ruth Taylor-Piliae的评价“I think the beauty of tai chi is that you don’t have to own a special gym membership; you don’t have to buy special clothing”（我认为太极的美妙之处在于你不必拥有特殊的健身房会员资格；你不必购买特殊的服装）”以及“once you learn tai chi, you can do it anytime, anyplace, anywhere.（一旦你学会了太极，你可以随时随地做。）”可推知，Ruth Taylor-Piliae认为太极是方便的。故选B项。 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“可爱经济”及其存在的问题。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the "cute economy" which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets.(这是一种文化现象，媒体学者詹姆斯·梅斯称之为“可爱经济”，它主要存在于社交媒体上，是用户生成的，主要由动物，尤其是宠物的照片主导)”可知，根据文章，“可爱经济”的关键是在社交媒体上发布可爱动物的照片。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“animals doing silly things; animals of extreme size; animals with unusual looks; and animals behaving in ways that seem human-like. Dogs and other animals in the "cute economy" are often further humanized by being dressed in clothing and accessorized (装饰) with hats, jewellery, nail polish and fur dyed a rainbow of colors(动物做傻事；体型巨大的动物；长相不同寻常的动物；动物的行为方式看起来像人类。在“可爱经济”中，狗和其他动物通常会穿上衣服，配上帽子、珠宝、指甲油和染成彩虹色的皮毛，从而进一步人性化)”可知，“可爱经济”中，动物的行为方式与人类相似可能会吸引粉丝。由此推知，一只穿着西装的鹦鹉在唱歌跳舞最有可能成为网络宠物。故选C项。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unfortunately, the price of the "cute economy" comes at a serious cost. The cutest and most popular breeds tend to be those with the most significant risk of health and behavioral problems. Cuteness is often coupled with their discomfort.(不幸的是，“可爱经济”的代价是巨大的。最可爱、最受欢迎的品种往往是那些健康和行为问题风险最高的品种。可爱往往伴随着他们的不适。)”以及第五段中“Actually, there are well-established health issues(事实上，有一些公认的健康问题)”可知，“可爱经济”的副作用是可能会给动物带来健康问题。故选D项。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the "cute economy" which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets.(这是一种文化现象，媒体学者詹姆斯·梅斯称之为“可爱经济”，它主要存在于社交媒体上，是用户生成的，主要由动物，尤其是宠物的照片主导)”以及第四段中“Unfortunately, the price of the “cute economy” comes at a serious cost.(不幸的是，“可爱经济”的代价是严重的)”和第五段中“Actually, there are well-established health issues(事实上，有一些公认的健康问题)”可知，本文从人们对宠物的迷恋引出“可爱经济”的话题，再介绍它背后存在的问题，即它的代价。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“可爱经济及其代价”。故选C项。 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国佛罗里达州及其他两个州通过立法要求学校进行心理健康教育，旨在帮助学生了解心理健康知识，识别心理问题并寻求帮助，强调了在全球范围内学校教育中加入心理健康教育的重要性。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmatic, teaching about mindfullness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have.(除了教授阅读、写作和算术的基础知识外，教授心智健全和心理健康也是年轻人重要的生活技能)”以及第三段“The new curriculum requires students to learn about the symptoms of mental illness and where to find help if they are feeling depressed or have other issues and even teaches the adolescents how to help their friends and classmates if they see them struggling.(新课程要求学生了解精神疾病的症状，以及如果他们感到沮丧或有其他问题，在哪里可以找到帮助，甚至教青少年如何在看到朋友和同学挣扎时帮助他们)”可知，新课程要求学生学习心理健康相关知识，如精神疾病的症状及求助途径，还包括如何帮助有困难的朋友或同学，这些内容指向的是情感管理技能的培养。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段“We know that 50 percent of all mental illness cases begin by age 14, so we are being active in our commitment to provide our kids with the necessary tools to see them through their successes and challenges. Providing mental health instruction is another important step forward in supporting our families,” Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said.(我们知道，50%的精神疾病病例始于14岁，因此我们积极致力于为我们的孩子提供必要的工具，帮助他们度过成功和挑战。提供心理健康指导是支持我们家庭的又一重要步骤，教育专员Richard Corcoran说)”可推知，他强调了早期进行心理健康教育的紧迫性及其对孩子成长的重要作用。故选D。 31．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“It is a confusing world they face and giving them the tools to navigate it safely is essential. (这是他们面临的一个令人困惑的世界，给他们安全导航的工具至关重要)”可知，从青少年成长为成人过程非常的复杂，青少年面临的一个令人困惑的世界。所以美国这三个州正采取大胆措施帮助青少年应对从青少年成长为成人过程中生活的复杂性。划线单词的意思为“复杂性”。故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Schools need to give students all the tools they need to navigate the world when they graduate. Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmatic, teaching about mindfullness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have.(学校需要在学生毕业时为他们提供驾驭世界所需的所有工具。除了教授阅读、写作和算术的基础知识外，教授心智健全和心理健康也是年轻人重要的生活技能)”以及全文可知，文章内容围绕美国几个州在学校引入心理健康教育的新政策，讨论其内容、目的和意义，属于教育范畴。所以文章最有可能出自教育网站。故选C。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$