Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

SectionⅡ　Learning About Language 动词­ing形式作宾语和表语 一、动词­ing形式作宾语 1．作动词的宾语 常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词有admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，imagine，mind，practise，risk，suggest，miss，finish，keep等。 She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them. 她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。 He escaped being killed in the blast because he had not gone to work. 他因没有去上班而避免了在爆炸中丧生。 He got well­prepared for the interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity. 他为面试做了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个良机。 I highly recommend visiting this exhibition.I am sure you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art. 我强烈推荐参观这次展览。我确信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。 2．作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get/be used to，pay attention to等。 He insisted on doing the work in his own way. 他坚持按照自己的方法做这项工作。 I have been looking forward to seeing you. 我一直盼望见到你。 [即时演练1]　用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①She feels like going (go) abroad for further education next year. ②I will spend some time studying (study) math and physics，which are my weak subjects. ③The boy was lucky to escape being punished (punish) for breaking the window. ④At the sight of my coming，he didn't stop laughing(laugh)，which made me feel confused. ⑤After being told (tell) that I won the first prize in the writing contest, I felt a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) [知识拓展] (1)在有些动词的后面，如：start，begin，continue等既可接动词­ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。 They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，就好像什么事也没发生过。 (2)在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语时指经常性的动作，用动词不定式作宾语时指具体的动作。 He preferred staying in the house when it rained. 下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词­ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨都待在家里) I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作) (3)有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记要做 doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记着要去做 doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做 doing 后悔做了 try to do 尽力做 doing 尝试做 mean to do 打算做 doing 意味着 go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做(另一件事) doing 停止做某事 Remember to email your video to www.campusart 123 @ gmail.com if you are interested in it. 如果你对此感兴趣的话， 记得要把你的视频发送至www.campusart123 @ gmail.com。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆时的情景。 二、动词­ing形式作表语 1．动词­ing形式作表语， 表示抽象的一般性的行为， 用来说明主语的内容， 与主语通常是同一概念， 表语和主语通常可以交换位置。 In the ant city，the queen's job is laying eggs. ＝In the ant city，laying eggs is the queen's job. 在蚂蚁王国， 蚁后的工作是产卵。 2．动词­ing形式作表语， 可以表示主语的某种性质或特征， 这类词可以看作形容词。 What should be stressed is the Dragon­Boat racing，which is very interesting and exciting. 应该强调的是龙舟赛， 它非常有趣， 且激动人心。 [即时演练2]　单句语法填空 ①The unique scenery is so amazing (amaze) that people say it is the most beautiful city in Canada. ②My hobby is sitting (sit) on the beach，staring at the blue sky. ③The purpose of the meeting is to elect (elect) a new captain. ④The speech you delivered was inspiring (inspire) and touched my heart. [核心词汇·练透] lack v．没有；缺乏 n．缺乏；短缺的东西 [经典佳句]　Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 (1)for lack of...　 因缺乏…… a lack of... 缺乏…… (2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in... 缺少…… [即时训练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Though lacking(lack) money，his parents managed to send him to a university. ②由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 ★For lack of enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语作状语) ★Lacking enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词短语作状语) call on (短暂地)访问，拜访；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；号召 [经典佳句]　We intended to visit the theme park but ended up calling on Professor Zhang. 我们原打算参观主题公园，但最后却拜访了张教授。 call at 　(火车等)停靠；拜访(某地) call back 回电话；收回 call for 需要；要求；接(人或物) call off 取消 call up... 给……打电话；使……想起 [即时训练]　 用call的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①The game was called off because of the bad weather. ②The problem is that this kind of work calls for a lot of patience. ③在地球日的前一周，我们学校里贴满了海报，号召我们保护环境。 A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling on us to protect our environment． Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He cares little about spending (spend) money on himself and leads a comfortable life. 2．The key to successful small talk is learning (learn) how to connect with others，not just communicate with them. 3．My father suggested reading (read) more books in my spare time. 4．Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty making (make) friends. 5．I still remember being invited (invite) to dinner in Kitty's house when I was only five years old. Ⅱ.根据提示阐述讲好中国故事、学好中国文化的重要性(尽量多地使用动词­ing形式) 1．Spreading traditional Chinese culture (传播中国传统文化) has become a popular trend.2.Many foreigners enjoy learning Chinese (许多外国人喜欢学中文).3.Learning traditional Chinese culture (了解中国传统文化)enables them to understand China better.As Chinese high school students，4.telling Chinese stories and learning Chinese culture well should be our responsibility (讲好中国故事、学好中国文化是我们的责任).We should let the world know China better. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking (look) at screens. 2．I regret to tell (tell) you that your son Peter broke his right arm accidentally. 3．I am sorry to know that you are having trouble in dealing (deal) with your parents. 4．I apologize for not arriving (arrive) on time to pick you up from the bus station yesterday. 5．During her life，she devoted herself to working (work) for the blind and the deaf mute. 6．If we go out，we must wear protective masks to prevent ourselves from being infected (infect). 7．After getting (get) up，I would like to invite my friends to go for a morning run in the park. 8．As far as I'm concerned，the result is very disappointing (disappoint). 9．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more convincing (convince). 10．The movie was really terrifying (terrify)，and everybody was very shocked. 11．Little Alice looked forward to staying (stay) with her grandparents in the countryside. 12．The little boy stopped crying (cry) when he saw the new toy car and began to play with it happily. 13．To avoid being seen (see) by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom from the back door. 14．The committee permitted us to go (go) ahead with our building plan. 15．By comparison，his worst habit is smoking (smoke) while having dinner. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他的任务之一就是为爬山准备一些食物和饮用水。 One of his tasks is preparing some food and drinking water for the climbing. 2．我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。 I was grateful to you for helping me overcome so many difficulties. 3．如果你太害羞而不敢和他交谈， 那么你可以通过给他写信的方式告诉他你的感觉。 If you are too shy to talk with him，you can tell him about your feeling by writing him a letter/by writing to him． 4．我花时间上网课， 帮忙做家务， 听英文歌。 I spend time taking online courses, helping with housework and listening to English songs. 5．在1988年从美国一所大学毕业后， Eric Nilsson于1992年和妻子来到中国。 After graduating from an American university in 1988，Eric Nilsson came to China with his wife in 1992. 6．尽管我是一个残疾人， 但我在日常生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。 While I'm a disabled man，I always enjoy helping others in my daily life. 7．我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 8．很多人都建议制定更多的规则以保护动物的权益。 Many people have suggested setting up more rules to protect animal rights. Ⅲ.语法填空 Body language 1.is used (use) by people for 2.sending (send) messages to one another.It is very 3.amazing (amaze) because it can help you make yourself easily 4.understood (understand) when you are talking with others.You are not just using words，but also using expressions and gestures.For example，waving one's hand is to say “Good­bye”．Shaking hands means welcome，and clapping hands means congratulations. In most cultures，nodding the head means agreement，and shaking the head means 5.disagreeing (disagree) with something.The gestures are accepted both by the Chinese and foreigners in those cultures as 6.having (have) the same meanings. Different countries have different body languages.For example，when in Russia，France and Arab people kiss each other when they meet，but men in China or Australia shake hands instead of 7.kissing (kiss).People in Puerto Rico like 8.touching (touch) each other，but people in Britain do not touch each other.People in Arab like standing close to one another when they are talking，but English people must keep a distance away when they are talking.It is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country.9.Following (follow) the customs will help you communicate with people and make your stay there much more 10.pleasant (please) and comfortable. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon． I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not­always­supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach.I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries(洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate.If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在最开始尝试“零浪费”生活方式时，家人并不理解她的做法，但她仍然坚持并建议读者用行动引领生活方式的转变。 1．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you're doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的“Live with roommates？” “Have friends and family around you？”及“looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle”提及的对生活方式的渴望，再根据下文描述的作者在生活方式的选择上与家人不同时的经历可推断，此处表示当你想选择更加可持续的生活方式时，不是身边的所有人都会加入其中，故B项与画线词组的意思最为接近。 2．What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars? A．He disapproved of it. B．He was sympathetic to it. C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn't care about it. 解析　A　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“my dad commented on...jars everywhere”可知，父亲对作者在“零浪费”生活方式上做的尝试并不赞同，故A项正确。 3．What can we infer about the author? A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others' privacy. C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“how silly it was” “a bit discouraging”可知，作者在最开始尝试可持续生活方式时并不顺利，未获得家人支持。根据第二段中的“I experienced this...zero waste like me”及下文内容可知，作者仍然坚持自己的“零浪费”生活方式。由此可知，虽然在生活方式上的转变未获得家人的支持，但她依然坚持，可知她是一个意志坚定的人，故D项正确。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one's own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 解析　C　主旨大意题。文章第一、二段讲述了在家庭生活中实行“零浪费”生活方式可能遭遇反对，第三、四段讲述了作者自身如何通过行动在家庭中改变生活方式，第五段讲述了当你改变生活方式时，你可能遭遇的情况，第六段讲述了作者给读者的建议，再根据第二段尾句中的“how you can make the change in a not­always­supportive household”可知，文章主要内容与如何在家庭生活中实现“零浪费”生活方式有关，故C项正确。 B Sign language，the primary form of communication of the deaf community，has been in use for hundreds of years.You're probably most familiar with American Sign Language，but sign language is used all over the world and has nearly 150 variations.Sign language interpreters can be seen everywhere from classrooms and graduation ceremonies to major sporting events. When you think of sign language，you most likely imagine signers using their hands to form words and letters.However，hands are only one of the many different body language techniques that signers use to get their meaning across.In fact，much of the grammatical structure of sign language is not indicated by the signer's hands. While the hands are responsible for forming the words themselves，markers called “non­manual elements” control much of the languages' grammatical structure.Non­manual elements(or markers) are body language techniques that don't use the hands.These include head movements，body positioning and facial expressions.Used together with the signs，these elements give sign language a subtle and extremely complicated grammatical structure.Linguist Andrea Lackner from Alpcn­Adria University in Austria did a study that shows just how important these non­manual elements are to sign language users. The study assessed just how many different things non­manual elements can do.For this study，all participants were deaf users of Austrian Sign Language.They watched a video of someone using sign language，and they had to describe the purpose of each non­manual element.The results were very complicated.For instance，things as subtle as the direction of the signer's gaze can indicate whether or not a statement is hypothetical(假设的).A single head movement can indicate the emotion of a statement，or a signer's feelings toward a hypothetical question.Body language is always important，but in sign language，it can change the entire meaning of a sentence! [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。手语是听障人士交流的主要形式， 已经使用了数百年。然而， 手势只是手语者用来表达意思的多种肢体语言中的一种。本文主要介绍了非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性。 5．What do signers use their hands to do mostly? A．To know people's words and letters. B．To understand people's meanings. C．To form the grammatical structure. D．To form words and letters. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When you think of sign language，you most likely imagine signers using their hands to form words and letters.”可知， 当你想到手语时， 你很可能会想到手语者用他们的手来组成单词和字母。故选D。 6．What do non­manual elements include? A．Words，sign language and body language. B．Head movements，body language and signs. C．Head movements，body positioning and facial expressions. D．Body positioning，facial expressions and signs. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知， 非手动元素(或标记)是不使用手的肢体语言技术。这些动作包括头部动作、身体姿势和面部表情。故选C。 7．What does the study show about sign language? A．The main function of the non­manual elements. B．The importance of the non­manual elements. C．The influence of body language on sign language. D．The influence of sign language on body language. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“Linguist Andrea Lackner from Alpcn­Adria University in Austria did a study that shows just how important these non­manual elements are to sign language users.”可知， 来自奥地利Alpcn­Adria大学的语言学家Andrea Lackner做了一项研究， 表明了这些非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性。故选B。 8．What may be the best title for the text? A．Non­manual Elements Counts in Sign Language B．Ways to Avoid Being Misunderstood C．Grammatical Elements in Sign Language D．The Importance of Sign Language 解析　A　主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知， 文章主要论述了非手动元素对手语使用者的重要性。所以， 非手动元素在手语中很重要， A项最符合文意。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 Every day，in hundreds of ordinary situations，actions speak far louder than words.We talk with our mouth，but we communicate with our facial expressions，our tone of voice and our whole body. 1 When we can read what others are saying unconsciously，we can deal with things at work and at home before they become problems. By understanding how to use body language，you can communicate more effectively.Here is how： • 2 Throughout the day，notice details about the way you speak，gesture and move.When standing，keep your shoulders straight，your body open and your weight balanced on both feet. •Work on your handshake. 3 The handshake most likely to show confidence is firm and dry，with strength but not too much pressure. •Use eye contact.Eye contact is very important in forming an impression of someone.You should have the ability to keep direct eye contact if you want to be taken seriously.But some people feel uncomfortable when it is too strong. 4 •Be yourself.Nonverbal messages come from deep inside you，from your own sense of self­respect.If you are comfortable with yourself，they show. 5 They always give others a deep impression. A．Use hand gestures carefully. B．Pay attention to your body talk. C．A mirror can be useful to examine facial expressions. D．People who know who they are have a relaxed way of talking and moving. E．In the business world，the handshake shows important messages about power. F．Understanding body language is one of the most useful skills you can develop. G．To avoid this problem，change your focus so that you look at somewhere between the eyes and the chin. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了肢体语言在我们生活中的重要作用，并对如何进行肢体语言交流给出了具体建议。 1．解析　F　根据下文的“当我们能读懂别人下意识表达的内容时，我们就可以提前解决许多工作和家庭中会出现的问题”，这是理解别人肢体语言的好处。由此可推知，F项是本段主题句。 2．解析　B　B项中的body talk包含本段所提到的说话方式、手势、动作和站姿。故B项为本段主题句。 3．解析　E　根据关键词handshake可定位E项。本段的主题句提出要练习握手，E项解释了这样做的原因，起到承上启下的作用。 4．解析　G　空前提到当目光十分强烈时有的人会感到不舒服。G项提出了解决这个问题的办法。 5．解析　D　根据本段第一句可知本段主旨为“做自己”。“your own sense of self­respect”和“comfortable with yourself”与D项中的“know who they are”相呼应。 Ⅲ.语法填空 More than 900，000 people in Britain are severely (严重地) deaf，and an unknown number of people 1. (be) dumb (哑的), which means they lack the ability to speak.For these people，a different system of communication 2. requires neither hearing ability 3. speech is available.It is a system based on the use of signs. Little is known about how British Sign Language (BSL) developed，as it has no 4. (write) form.The first school in Britain to include sign language in its courses is 5. (general) thought to be the “Academy for the Deaf and Dumb” 6. (found) in 1760.The school's owner，Thomas Braidwood，introduced a system of sign language which is believed to have been the basis for BSL. Since that time，BSL has encountered various setbacks (周折) by comparison with spoken language.For example，during the 19th century，most deaf children learned BSL informally rather than receiving formal education at school for lack of opportunities.Then for much of the 20th century，7. was increasing opposition to sign language.During this time deaf children were encouraged or forced 8. (understand) others by lip reading，and to “speak” 9. (use) finger spelling.Eventually it was recognised that this approach had been unsuccessful，and that BSL was a more efficient method of communication.In 2003，it 10. (give) the official position of a language. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了英国手势语的发展。 1．解析　are　考查主谓一致。设空处所在句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为复数，故填are。 2．解析　that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代a different system of communication，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 3．解析　nor　考查连词。neither...nor...为固定搭配，表示“既不……也不……”，故填nor。 4．解析　written　考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰form，应用形容词，表示“书面的”，故填written。 5．解析　generally　考查副词。设空处作状语，应用副词，表示“普遍地；广泛地”，故填generally。 6．解析　founded　考查动词­ed形式。设空处作后置定语，修饰the“Academy for the Deaf and Dumb”，且found与the“Academy for the Deaf and Dumb”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词­ed形式，故填founded。 7．解析　there　考查存现句。根据语境可知，设空处所在句意为“在二十世纪的大部分时间里，有越来越多反对手势语的声音”，故填there。 8．解析　to understand　考查动词不定式。be encouraged/forced to do sth为固定搭配，表示“被鼓励/强迫做某事”，故填to understand。 9．解析　using　考查动词­ing形式。设空处作状语，且deaf children与use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing形式，故填using。 10．解析　was given　考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据In 2003可知，设空处所在句描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且it与give之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was given。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$