Unit 3 Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

SectionⅡ　Learning About Language 动词­ing形式作主语 一、动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语时的意义 动词­ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Working out before breakfast may be more beneficial to health than eating first. 早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益。 动词­ing形式作主语易错点拨 (1)动词­ing形式作主语时的主谓一致 ①单个的动词­ing形式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Taking appropriate exercise regularly is necessary for good health. 定期适当锻炼对于健康是必要的。 ②意义不同的两个动词­ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English. 听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。 (2)动词­ing形式作主语表示经常性或习惯性的动作 Playing basketball is good for our health. 打篮球对我们的健康有好处。 2．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语 (1)It is＋adj.＋doing sth It is funny doing sth做某事(感觉)很有趣。 It is useless doing sth做某事无用。 It is worthwhile doing sth做某事是值得的。 (2)It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间。 (3)It is no＋n.＋doing sth It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 Most of us think it is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 我们大部分都认为劝说这样的人加入我们是浪费时间。 It's no use complaining without taking action. 不行动只抱怨是没有用的。 3．动词­ing形式的否定形式 动词­ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。 Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. 不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。 His not having done the homework makes the teacher angry. 他未完成作业让老师很生气。 [即时演练1]　单句语法填空 ①Firstly，doing (do) housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. ②If you feel stressed，chatting (chat) with your friends online is a good choice. ③Most students think it is a waste of time surfing (surf) the Internet in the bar. ④In my opinion，taking (take) a break between classes is definitely vital. ⑤As far as I can see，it is no good trusting (trust) the online symptom checkers when you feel sick. 二、动词­ing形式的复合结构 动词­ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词­ing，即“sb/sb's＋doing”构成。动词­ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词­ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词­ing形式的复合结构有四种形式： (1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing (2)名词所有格＋动词­ing (3)代词宾格＋动词­ing (4)名词＋动词­ing His getting up late in the morning made him late for class. 他早上起晚了，导致他上课迟到了。 John's having seen her didn't make her worried. 约翰看到了她，但这并没有使她感到不安。 动词­ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时，不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。　 三、动词­ing形式的时态和语态 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done Being caught in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. 被困于交通堵塞是一段非常不愉快的经历。 Having ever travelled to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again. 曾经去那座美丽的城市旅游使他想再次去那儿旅行。 [即时演练2]　完成句子 ①被我的老师误解使我伤心。 Being misunderstood by my teacher made me depressed. ②被要求完成这么多家庭作业使他不高兴。 Being asked to finish so much homework made him unhappy. ③我哥哥弹吉他使我无法专心学习。 My brother's playing the guitar makes me fail to get down to studying. ④未收到回复使经理很担心。 Not having received a reply made the manager worried. [核心词汇·练透] prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止 [经典佳句]　The new regulation prohibits smoking in places like restaurants，hotels，railway stations and theatres. 这项新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅馆、火车站和剧院这些地方吸烟。 (1)prohibit doing sth　禁止做某事 prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 (2)prohibition n. 禁止；阻止；禁令 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport. ②有时，一个城镇会禁止在人行道上骑车，但是对于在一定年龄下的儿童则例外。 Sometimes a city or town will prohibit bicycling on sidewalks，but make exceptions for children under a certain age. rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的 [经典佳句]　All the teachers and students consider the five­kilometer cross­country running race as a rewarding activity. 所有的老师和学生都认为五公里越野跑是一项有益的活动。 reward v.　奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 n. 奖励；回报；报酬 reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而奖励某人 in reward for 作为回报 as a reward (for) 作为(对……)的奖赏，报酬 [即时训练]　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(reward).(2023·全国乙卷) ②我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。 ★I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help．(reward n．) ★I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing to reward you for your generous help．(reward vt.) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Learning (learn) English as a second language can be a painful experience. 2．Building (build) up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. 3．It is no use advocating (advocate) such a life in a remote village. 4．In our daily life，adopting (adopt) a positive attitude is very important for us. 5．Of course，enjoying (enjoy) a nice meal with friends can have a great effect on our spirits. Ⅱ.请简要介绍迪士尼主题公园， 注意使用本部分语法知识 Disney's theme parks might be the best known，but they 1.are far from the most interesting( 不是最有趣的).2.Visiting Disney's theme parks (参观迪士尼公园)is really fascinating.Personally，3.seeing kids having fun (看到孩子们玩得开心)，dressing up as their favorite characters and being so happy can make you recall the once carefree kid that you were too! Before you plan your next trip to Disney parks or Universal Studios，4.taking visiting one of those ecology­friendly theme parks into consideration (考虑一下去参观某个生态友好的主题公园)may be a good idea，too. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．To be honest，his opposing (oppose) my plan made me frustrated and disappointed. 2．Sharing (share) your problems will greatly help reduce the pressure on you and build up your confidence. 3．As far as I'm concerned，it is no good wasting(waste) much time on computer games. 4．Being banned (ban) from going outside made me live a miserable life. 5．It's fun spending (spend) the holiday in this entertaining theme park. 6．It is well worth cycling (cycle) along the route，which will reward you with breathtaking scenery. 7．It is important for us to use (use) clone and artificial intelligence in a proper way. 8．Attracting (attract) more foreign visitors to China to experience Chinese culture will have a far­reaching impact. 9．Staying (stay) away from junk food and eating healthy food like vegetables and fish will benefit you. 10．Tom's being admitted (admit) into a famous university，as we had expected，made his parents happy. 11．Having (have) breakfast can help you to concentrate in class and study more efficiently. 12．It is necessary for us students to help (help) each other in trouble. 13．It is considerate of you to inform (inform) us of the change of the date. 14．Lying (lie) on the beach in summer really makes you feel relaxed. 15．Seeing (see) a large cake flying through the air，the driver pulled up quickly. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．在森林里迷路使得简后悔与她的朋友吵架。 Being lost in the forest made Jane regret quarrelling with her friend. 2．被邀请参加这次音乐节是我莫大的荣幸。 Being invited to attend the music festival is my great honor. 3．不知道下一步应该做什么使杰克不知所措。 Not knowing what to do next made Jack at a loss. 4．每天用英语写日记是一种提高书面英语的好方法。 Keeping diaries in English every day is a good way to improve written English. 5．了解唐朝历史有助于更好地理解唐诗。 Having a good command of Tang Dynasty history can help you have a better understanding of Tang poetry. 6．在乡下被养大使威尔森先生很勤奋。 Being brought up in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hard­working. 7．考虑这样一件事情是浪费时间。 It is a waste of time considering such a thing. 8．大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。 Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages. Ⅲ.语法填空 Tom spent most of his time searching for information on the Internet each day，which made his parents worried.In his father's opinion，1.sitting (sit) in front of a computer did great harm to his son's health.However，he found that it was no use 2.advising (advise) Tom to spend less time on the Internet，for he wouldn't listen.Tom told his parents that that was what his job required.His mother wanted him to change his job，but Tom said that he was fond of it and 3.staying (stay) up late had become his habit. In my opinion，it is not wise to spend too much time on the Internet.4.Having (have) a rest regularly will be of great help while working at the computer.In addition，5.setting (set) aside some time to relax is also very important. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023—2024学年广州期末)Brad Ryan returned to his hometown after six years to pursue his studies.But he avoided contact with his grandmother，Grandma Joy，aged 85，due to a past disagreement. Years later，while hiking the Appalachian Trail，he found himself thinking a lot about his grandmother and the time they spent at Blue Rock State Park looking for crawfish.Then，Brad decided to visit Grandma Joy. Grandma Joy did what came natural to her.She gave him a big hug.“It was familiar and yet strange，” said Brad.“It looked the same.But I was looking at a woman who had aged.” They made small talks but then there was an awkward pause.Brad broke the ice by suggesting a visit to Blue Rock State Park. On the way there，Grandma Joy admitted she had many regrets in her life.One of them was that aside from this state park，she'd never had the chance to see the great outdoors.When they arrived at the creek，the special place where long ago they'd searched out the crawfish，they stood silently，lost in thought.A loud splash broke the silence.The tail of a massive beaver (狸) gliding below broke the water's surface.Stunned，they both laughed.“We looked at each other，” said Brad，“and we both realized we were still the same people.” To make up for Grandma's sadness of not seeing more of nature，Brad planned a camping trip to Great Smoky Mountains with Grandma.Despite Grandma Joy's age，she surprised Brad by eagerly agreeing to go. That night，they sat by the campfire，feeling its warmth and gazing at the stars.Brad and Grandma opened the lock box of their past.They talked about families and parents，about loss，pain and regret，telling each other they'd wasted too many years being separated. The camping trip ended，but their outdoor adventure continued.Since then they have visited 62 national parks，covering over 50，000 miles in Brad's car.Their age difference doesn't matter as they are still on their way. [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了布拉德·瑞恩回去看望祖母时，决定带祖母一起去蓝岩州立公园，二人度过了一段美好的时光。 1．What can be inferred about Brad from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of travelling. B．He longed to visit state parks. C．He was touched by past memories. D．He avoided contact with his family. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段可推知，布拉德被过去的回忆所触动。 2．How did Brad and Grandma feel when they saw the beaver? A．Awkward and confused. B．Amused and sympathetic. C．Regretful and sad. D．Surprised and relieved. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A loud splash broke the silence.The tail of a massive beaver (狸) gliding below broke the water's surface.Stunned，they both laughed.‘We looked at each other，’ said Brad，‘and we both realized we were still the same people.’”可知，当布拉德和奶奶看到海狸时，他们感到惊讶和宽慰。 3．Why did Brad plan a camping trip to Great Smoky Mountains National Park? A．To surprise Grandma Joy. B．To realize Grandma Joy's wish. C．To break the ice with Grandma Joy. D．To recall the trip of Grandma Joy's youth. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“To make up for Grandma's sadness of not seeing more of nature，Brad planned a camping trip to Great Smoky Mountains with Grandma.”可知，布拉德计划去大烟山国家公园露营是为了实现乔伊奶奶的愿望。 4．What can we learn from Brad's camping trip with Grandma Joy? A．They decided to explore more parks. B．They brought back a lock box from the trip. C．They felt stressed because of age difference. D．They used to explore the great outdoors often. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，布拉德和乔伊奶奶的露营之旅结束后，他们继续探索了许多国家公园，并且他们还在前进，因此推断他们决定去探索更多的公园。 B Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control.Yet experts say you can control and even prevent many of the factors that increase your chances of dying.Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and strokes.So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods，get exercise，stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake.But there is something else you can do.And it is free and easy.Smile! Anand Chockalingam is a heart disease specialist at University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia，Missouri.He advises his patients to smile.“When we smile，the brain wiring gets altered.The chemicals that are released are more positive.” He says smiling is a first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and sometimes the stress has harmful effects on human health.This is not just New Age advice.Several studies support Dr.Chockalingam's prescription—smile more. Disorders of the heart and blood vessels(血管) are the number one cause of death around the world.The main causes of heart attacks and strokes are blockages in blood vessels.These prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain.When you feel stressed or under pressure，your body releases many natural hormones(激素) that increase your heart rate and blood pressure.Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone.It increases sugar in the bloodstream.If you are truly in danger，these hormones can help you.They are part of what we call our fight­or­flight response.However，when you are stressed for a long period，these stress hormones may lead to health problems. Dr.Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help.He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour.To some，that might seem like a lot of smiling.Or some might even feel foolish...smiling for seemingly no reason.But a smile does not involve drugs.It is free and it has no bad side effects. “Once people smile，they are relaxed.This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure，and improves sugar levels in the blood.If we are smiling，we are breaking that link between stress and health.” [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了微笑可以预防、控制死亡因素，改善心血管状态，对健康有好处。 5．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To stop people from drinking too much alcohol. B．To show the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle. C．To show some factors that can increase the chance of dying. D．To introduce a free and easy way to control the factors of dying. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“But there is something else you can do.And it is free and easy.Smile！”可推知，第一段作者想引出一种可以控制死亡因素的自由、简单的方法——微笑。 6．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The patients who smile can get altered. B．Smiling can add to physical and emotional stress. C．Physical and emotional stress must have bad effects. D．When people smile，there will be positive chemicals produced. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we smile，the brain wiring gets altered.The chemicals that are released are more positive.”可知，我们可以从第二段了解到当人们微笑时，就会产生积极的化学物质。 7．Which of the following statements is reasonable? A．The smiling patients are foolish. B．Heart attacks and strokes don't cause death. C．The stress hormones may lead to different results，good or bad. D．When you feel stressed，the body releases many beneficial hormones. 解析　C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“If you are truly in danger，these hormones can help you.They are part of what we call our fight­or­flight response.However，when you are stressed for a long period，these stress hormones may lead to health problems.”可知，压力荷尔蒙可能会导致不同的结果，有好有坏，这项陈述是正确的，ABD项均与原文实意不符。 8．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Smiling makes you relaxed. B．You should lead a happy life. C．Smiling is beneficial to your health. D．You should stop leading the unhealthy life. 解析　C　主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“‘Once people smile，they are relaxed.This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure，and improves sugar levels in the blood.If we are smiling，we are breaking that link between stress and health.’”由此可知，全文围绕“微笑”与“改善心血管状态和对健康的好处”进行阐述，故文章的主旨是微笑对你的健康有益。 Ⅱ.七选五 Humans were made for walking.With our upright posture and strong leg muscles，our bodies were actually designed with walking in mind，which makes it such perfect exercise.It's kind to our bodies and great for our waistlines. 1 Maybe you already love to walk，but you're getting tired of following the same old route day after day，or maybe you're new to walking and aren't sure how to get started. 2 Ask yourself，what do you want to get out of walking aside from the health benefits? Do you want to meet other people? See new places? Get out into the countryside or explore a new city? Knowing your goals will help you decide on the type of walk you want to do. If making friends and socializing is your goal，call up your friends and schedule walks with them. 3 Many malls have groups that come every day，or every weekend，to “walk the mall”．These groups are always happy to include one more walker! 4 Many large cities have incredible gardens and parks that include quiet walking trails，getting you off the beaten path.Thanks to the Rails to Trails program，railways across the country are being transformed into scenic walking paths that are a perfect way to seek calmness. From the benefits to your heart to your overall happiness，walking is just plain good for you. 5 It's a fantastic way to get to know a place by the power of your own two feet. A．Head to a bustling place? B．This month，pick up a map and start walking. C．Ask your friends where they like to walk and just go there. D．Either way，it's time to accept the idea of walking with a purpose. E．And best of all，it's a great way to see new things and meet new people! F．Recently，science has proved that walking is good for your body shape. G．If you're after walking alone，ask about local hikes that get you out of town and into the countryside. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了选择徒步旅行的类型，并介绍了一些适合徒步旅行的地点。 1．解析　E　根据空前的“It's kind to our bodies and great for our waistlines.”可知，此处讲的是徒步旅行的好处，E项承接上文，进一步说明徒步旅行的其他好处。 2．解析　D　根据空前描述的关于徒步旅行的两种情况和空后的“Ask yourself，what do you want to get out of walking aside from the health benefits？”以及本段最后一句可知，D项承上启下，符合语境。 3．解析　C　根据上文中的“call up your friends and schedule walks with them”可知，这里提到了打电话请朋友一起计划徒步旅行。由此可知C项衔接上文，符合语境。 4．解析　G　根据该段中的“getting you off the beaten path”以及“that are a perfect way to seek calmness”可知，本段讲的是幽静的徒步旅行地点。 5．解析　B　本段为总结全篇的段落，其中第一句总结了徒步旅行对人有益处；本段第三句又指出徒步旅行是了解一个地方的一种极好的方法。由此可知，B项与此处匹配。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Living in a city can be 1. (stress).But some people in Bogota，Colombia have found a place to help ease stress and get 2. peaceful break from busy life.The place is a protected park for hummingbirds. The park 3. (sit) at the top of Monserrate Hill，east of the city，in a place 4. (know) as the Paramuno corridor.The area contains a forest that has turned into a peaceful place for both people and birds.As the hummingbirds fly from flower 5. flower，some people study the animals through binoculars (双筒望远镜).Others capture pictures with cameras or phones. “Sometimes it doesn't seem real because we are close to a city of eight million inhabitants (居民) 6. make noise every day，” said Camilo Cantor，a caretaker in the park.His job is 7. (mix) water and sugar that is put in bird 8. (feeder) along a 300­meter path. “Visitors to the park can see between 25 to 35 different species of birds，” Cantor said.Ten years ago，the hill was completely deforested，9. (mean) there were not any trees left on it. But workers began to replant local trees and flowers to bring the forest back to life.10. (present)，there are 115 species of birds，including 18 kinds of hummingbirds and some migratory ones. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了在城市中生活有太大压力， 哥伦比亚波哥大的一些人找到了一个可以缓解压力的地方。该处有一片森林， 这里已经变成了人与鸟都可以获得宁静的地方。 1．解析　stressful　考查形容词。句意： 生活在城市中可能会有压力。 结合句意和提示词stress，空处位于be之后， 所以要用形容词。故填stressful。 2．解析　a　考查冠词。句意：但是哥伦比亚波哥大的一些人找到了一个地方来帮助缓解压力，从忙碌的生活中得到平静的休息。get peaceful break中， 前有形容词peaceful修饰名词break，空处填冠词修饰名词作get的宾语， 表示泛指。故填a。 3．解析　sits　考查谓语动词。句意： 该公园位于城市东部的Monserrate Hill顶部， 被称为Paramuno走廊。主语是the park，根据句子结构和提示词， sit是谓语动词， 本文时态为一般现在时。故填sits。 4．解析　known　考查非谓语动词。句意： 同上。根据句子结构可知， 此处为过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 5．解析　to　考查介词。句意： 蜂鸟从一朵花飞到另一朵花时， 有人通过双筒望远镜研究这些动物。from...to...是固定搭配， “从……到……”。故填to。 6．解析　that/who　考查关系词。句意：有时候看起来不真实，因为我们靠近一个每天都在制造噪声的800万居民的城市中。根据句子结构可知， 此处是限制性定语从句。先行词是inhabitants，在定语从句中作主语。故填that/who。 7．解析　to mix　考查动词不定式。句意： 他的工作是将水和糖混合在一起， 然后沿着300米的路径将它们放入禽类饲养器中。此处为to do不定式作表语。故填to mix。 8．解析　feeders　考查名词的数。句意：同上。feeder是可数名词， 用复数形式。故填feeders。 9．解析　meaning　考查非谓语动词。句意：十年前，这座山已经被完全砍伐，这意味着山上没有任何树木。主语是the hills，谓语动词是was，可知空处是非谓语动词。主语和动词mean形成主动关系， 用doing形式。故填meaning。 10．解析　Presently　考查副词。句意： 目前， 鸟类有115种， 其中包括18种蜂鸟和一些迁徙鸟类。根据句意和提示词present可知， 此处修饰整个句子， 故用副词形式。故填Presently。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$