Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

SectionⅡ　Learning About Language 非限制性定语从句 一、特点 1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 I will never forget this experience，which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) 我永远不会忘记这次经历，它将永远是我人生中最宝贵的回忆之一。 The lecture will be delivered by Dr Li，who is an expert in AI technology. 讲座将由人工智能技术专家李博士主讲。 The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 桌上那些封面闪亮的书是给我们的奖品。 Peter，whom you met in London，is going to Paris next week. 你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。 Mr.Smith，whose daughter went to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday. 史密斯先生昨天退休了，他的女儿去年考上了清华大学。 Tom was defeated in the game，which made his father very angry. 汤姆在比赛中被打败了，这(件事)使他的父亲很生气。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把公园野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。 [即时演练1]　用适当的关系词填空 ①I recommend my friend Wang Ming，who is one of the most suitable friends to take my place next week. ②A movie is being shown these days，whose theme is to save the earth and protect our common home. ③Last summer，I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese painting，which turned out to be a fulfilling journey.(2023·全国乙卷，书面表达) 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词 (1)which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (2)who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中只作宾语。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu，who is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia”，add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon，William Shakespeare's hometown.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福镇增添了一抹国际化的色彩。 (3)whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 It is a beautiful place，whose economy has been developing rapidly during the past ten years. 这是一个美丽的地方，其经济在过去的十年中发展迅速。 I am grateful to my teacher，whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) 我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。 2．关系副词 (1)when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。 (2)where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。 (3)why不能引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替。 The story in the book happened in Canada，where Norman Bethune was born. 书中的故事发生在加拿大，诺尔曼·白求恩就出生在那里。 Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the park，where/in which they had a good time. 昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。 I left on Sunday，when everyone was at home. 我是星期天离开的，那时大家都在家。 He was very angry，for which I was very astonished. 他很生气，这让我很吃惊。 [即时演练2]　用适当的关系词填空 ①The Mid­autumn festival falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month，when people of a family get together and enjoy the dinner together. ②There are many interesting clubs，where they can do what they most want，which makes them not tired of the learning life. ③You have made full preparations for this event，which is the most important reason why you show up here.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写) 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1．as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句，从句可以位于句首、句中和句末，常意为“正如”，多用于固定搭配中： as is often the case 这是常有的事 as was expected 不出所料 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语) 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 Our country has sent up another man­made earth satellite，as is reported in the newspaper. 报纸上报道，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。 He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容) 他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。 I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house) 我想买这座房子，它有一个花园。 [即时演练3]　选词填空(as/which) ①I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed I had grown up.(2023·全国乙卷，书面表达) ②There is no simple answer，as is often the case in science. ③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，which he remembers starting as early as his childhood. ④As is mentioned in your report，Traditional Chinese Medicine has shown great power in the epidemic prevention. 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整 结构 要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 从句与先行词之间加逗号 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分 引导词 所有的关系代词及副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 When you reached the village，you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood. 当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座用木头做成窗户的房子。 They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing. 他们在这个山区欣赏了美景，还在那里做了一些爬山运动。 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 [即时演练4]　完成句子 ①我建议他们乘坐20路公交车，它能直接把他们带到那里。 I advised them to take Bus No.20，which could take them there directly． ②他写过很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。 He wrote many children's books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s． [核心词汇·练透] conclusion n．结论；推论 [经典佳句]　 In conclusion，we all look forward to attending your class，where we can take the chance to improve our oral English.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文) 总之，我们都很期待参加您的课，在那里我们可以借此机会提高我们的英语口语。 (1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion　得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 (2)conclude v. 结束；终止；推断出 conclude from... 从……中推断出 conclude sth with sth(by doing...) (通过做……)以某事结束某事 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Judging from the above story，we can draw the conclusion(conclude) that we can't judge a man from his looks. ②He concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.” ③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 I drew a conclusion from/concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 [经典佳句]　Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity，which is vital for my future development. 我绝不会错过这个宝贵的机会，这对我未来的发展至关重要。 in/under the circumstances　在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) “绝不”表达荟萃：by no means, on no account，on no condition，in no way，in no case。 [即时训练]　完成句子 ①即使在这种情况下，他仍然不遗余力地分析和评估我们收集到的数据，一种钦佩的感觉开始在我的内心深处升起。 Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data，and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart. ②如果情况允许，我将继续谈论这个难以处理的关键问题。 If circumstances permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with. Ⅰ.用非限制性定语从句改写句子 1．It is known to us that steel plays an important role in industry. →As is known to us, steel plays an important role in industry. 2．Her sister teaches us English，and she will go abroad next year. →Her sister，who teaches us English, will go abroad next year. 3．He failed in the exam.It made his parents very angry. →He failed in the exam，which made his parents very angry. 4．She is a teacher of much knowledge.Much can be learned from her. →She is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned． Ⅱ.使用定语从句翻译下面的语段 我有一个同学叫Kate，她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师。Kate是一个容易相处的女孩， 我们都喜欢她。Kate在这次英语演讲竞赛中获得了第一名， 这使得她妈妈很高兴。新年就要到了， 到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港。众所周知， 香港是一个购物天堂， Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西。 I have a classmate called Kate，1.whose mother is my former English teacher．Kate is a girl 2.who is easy to get along with and we all like her.Kate won the first place in the speech contest，3.which made her mother very happy.The New Year is coming，4.when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother.5.As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise，6.where Kate intends to buy what she needs. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Last week witnessed the 20th Science and Technology Festival of our school，whose theme is “Science lights up the future”． 2．I am writing to invite you to attend an inspiring lecture about space exploration to be given by Mr.Yang，who is a famous astronaut，at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning. 3．Those who expose themselves to all kinds of classics can learn from them，thus possessing a greater insight into the world around. 4．National Tree Planting Day is held on March 12 every year，when millions of volunteers，both young and old，plant trees in schools，parks，city gardens and the countryside. 5．I still remember the moment when I stepped into the new school as a freshman. 6．As planned，we will hold a talent show，where everyone can show their outstanding performances. 7．Upon arrival，we'll first visit a farm，where we can feed chickens and pick strawberries.After that we'll go fishing near the farm. 8．If you're available this weekend，I will be very happy to keep you company to a village，where we can stay in a villager's home and spend the weekend with the family. 9．The figures show that students are wasting so much, which will have a bad effect on the earth. 10．In the garden we played games and listened to a report，from which we knew more about the development of our city. 11．There are many interesting clubs，where they can do what they most want，which makes them not tired of the learning life. 12. As can be seen from the chart，the choices of school clubs in our school vary from person to person. 13．During the activity，you are encouraged to introduce your favorite English Literature to us and state the reason why you like it. 14．There are 50 students in our class，all of whom work hard and behave well. 15．You will mainly learn Tang poetry，which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．从图表中我们可以看出，大部分学生做家务，其中30%每周工作1～2小时，60%不到一个小时。 As we can see from the chart，most of the students do the housework, among whom 30% work for 1－2 hours per week and 60% for less than an hour. 2．此外，我还兼职做过英文编辑，从中我获得了相关的经验。 Besides，I have taken the part­time job as an English editor，from which I have gained relevant experience． 3．就我个人而言，我们也可以邀请一些专家给我们讲课，这可以让我们更好地了解野生动物。 As far as I am concerned，we can also invite some experts to give us lectures，which can make us have a better understanding of wildlife． 4．众所周知，英语是一种广泛使用的语言，将世界各地的人们联系在一起。 English，as we all know，is a widely used language，connecting people all over the world. 5．她是第三次赢得比赛了， 这让我们都很吃惊。 It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all/which has made us all surprised． 6．节日将包括各种各样的活动，参与者可以亲身体验传统文化，如剪纸、功夫和中国书法。 The festival will include a wide variety of activities, where participants can experience traditional culture first hand，such as paper cutting，kung fu and Chinese calligraphy. 7．莫言， 是一位著名作家， 已经创作了很多优秀小说。 Mo Yan，who is a famous writer, has produced a lot of excellent novels. 8．他是个有丰富经验的人， 从他那里我们能学到很多。 He is a man of great experience，from whom we can learn much/a lot． Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的关系词完成下面的短文) When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm，1.where there were few young people.He felt very lonely.He often walked near the village in his free time，hoping to talk to some villagers.One day，he came across an old man，2.who used to be a brave soldier when he was young.Li Hua found that old man was so interesting that he made friends with him.Once，the old man told him of his experiences in the battles，most of 3.which were very interesting.Li Hua was moved by the old man's stories and he decided to write a novel.As a result，the novel attracted so many people，among 4.whom was a young woman.The woman，5.whose husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.As we all know，a clever director won't give up such an interesting story.One year later，the film，7.which was adapted from that novel，became a big hit. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A With the world's attention on vaccines，now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development.Three hundred years ago this month，Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated (接种) against smallpox，making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way.Without Montagu's willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures，the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place. Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey.Inoculation had started in Asia，probably in China，as early as the 10th century CE.Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus (脓) from a person with smallpox.They then used needles to make cuts on people's wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream.This helped people gain immunity from future infection. Like other visitors to the country，Montagu took steps to ensure that her son was inoculated.This worked well，but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging.Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors' professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income.Some people also disagree with the practice，as they saw it as going against nature. Back in England，Montagu observed that smallpox infections became increasingly severe.Eventually，in April 1721，she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated，because she believed that the rewards would outweigh the risks.After a safe time had passed following the inoculation，Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter. Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice.About 80 years later，a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely.As early as last century，academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur.In truth，she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox. [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。文章介绍了在疫苗接种上做出努力的英雄蒙塔古的事迹。 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The origin of smallpox inoculation. B．Turkish women's invention of inoculation. C．The benefits from smallpox inoculation. D．Montagu's first access to inoculation. 解析　D　段落大意题。根据第二段首句“Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey.”可知，这一段主要讲述蒙塔古第一次接触接种的事情。 2．Why did Montagu know it was hard to try inoculation in England? A．Because it might harm doctors' interests. B．Because deep down it was against nature. C．Because it was a foreign practice. D．Because it might cost valuable money. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging...would threaten doctors' professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income.”可知，在英格兰实施接种很难，是因为这样会威胁到职业医生的利益。 3．What could have led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation? A．The severe situation in smallpox infections. B．The result of Montagu's daughter's inoculation. C．A physician's discovery of smallpox vaccines. D．Montagu's focus on its rewards rather than its risks. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“After a safe time...examine her daughter.”和最后一段中的“Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice.”可知，英国的医生接受了接种，是因为他们看到了蒙塔古女儿接种的好的结果。 4．Which of the following can be used to describe Montagu? A．A fearless scientist. B．A brilliant inventor. C．A devoted explorer. D．An unsung hero. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“With the world's...sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development.”可知，作者认为蒙塔古是一个被遗忘了的应该被歌颂的英雄。 B When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥).First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water. Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.” [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。 5．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems” 和“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。long to do sth“渴望做某事”。 6．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco­machine. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥)...placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。 7．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea. C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention. 解析　B　推理判断题。上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A“为了回顾John的研究计划”；B“为了展示John的理念的实际应用”；C“为了比较John的不同工作”；D“为了消除对John的发明的怀疑”。 8．What is the basis for John's work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 解析　A　细节理解题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 Influential people have a great impact on everyone they encounter.Yet，they achieve this only because they exercise so much influence from inside，on themselves.Their focused pursuit of excellence is driven by five habits that you can follow and absorb until your influence expands(扩大)： 1．They think for themselves. Influential people aren't affected by the latest trend (趋势) or by public opinion. 1 They're more than willing to change their mind according to facts，but they aren't influenced by what other people think，only by what they know. 2．They welcome disagreement. Influential people do not react emotionally to different opinions. 2 They're humble (谦逊的) enough to know that they don't know everything and that someone else might see something they missed.And if that person is right，they accept the idea wholeheartedly because they care more about the result than being right. 3．They are proactive(主动出击的). Influential people don't wait for things like new ideas and new technologies to find them；they seek those things out. 3 They see what's coming because they intentionally look for it. 4．They respond rather than react. If someone criticizes (批评) an influential person for making a mistake，or if someone else makes a mistake，influential people don't react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think. 4 Influential people know how important relationships are，and they won't let an emotional overreaction harm theirs. 5．They believe. 5 They believe in their power to achieve their dreams，and they believe others share that same power.They believe that nothing is out of reach. A．Instead，they welcome them. B．And then they deliver a proper response. C．Influential people always expect the best. D．They're influential because they see what's coming. E．They form their opinions carefully，based on the facts. F．They never believe that one person can change the world. G．They fight back against these critics as hard as they could. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了有影响力的人所拥有的五个习惯。 1．解析　E　根据该段的小标题They think for themselves可知，该段主要讲述了有影响力的人会独立思考，E项“他们会根据事实谨慎地形成自己的观点”符合此处的语境。E项中的opinions与该空前的opinion为原词复现关系，且E项中的facts与该空后的facts为原词复现关系。 2．解析　A　根据该段的小标题They welcome disagreement和该空前的“Influential people do not react emotionally to different opinions”可知，该段主要讲述了有影响力的人不会情绪化地对待不同的意见，而是会虚心接纳它们，A项“相反，他们会欣然接受这些意见”符合此处的语境。A项中的welcome与该段小标题中的welcome为原词复现关系，且A项中的them指代该空前的different opinions。 3．解析　D　根据该空前的“Influential people don't wait for things like new ideas and new technologies to find them；they seek those things out”可知，有影响力的人不会坐等新的想法和新科技去找他们，而是会主动提出新的想法、创造新的科技，D项“他们有影响力是因为他们能预见未来”符合此处的语境。D项中的“they see what's coming”与该空后的“They see what's coming because...”相呼应。 4．解析　B　根据该空前的“If someone criticizes an influential person...influential people don't react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think”可知，有影响力的人不会贸然应对他人的批评或错误，他们会三思而后行，B项“然后他们会作出合适的回应”符合此处的语境。B项与该空前的“They wait.They think”构成递进关系，呈现出有影响力的人作出回应的整个过程，且B项中的response与该段小标题中的respond相呼应。 5．解析　C　根据该空后的“They believe in their power to achieve their dreams...They believe that nothing is out of reach”可知，有影响力的人信念十足，他们相信自己的力量，也相信别人的力量，相信没有什么是遥不可及的，C项“有影响力的人总是往最好的方面去想”符合此处的语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Dorothy Hodgkin was born in 1910.She was the 1. (old) of four daughters and in 1920 her family settled in Suffolk.She went to a state junior high school，2. only allowed boys 3. (study) chemistry，but she fought the system to be admitted. 4． (eventual)，she attended Oxford where she was recognised as an outstanding student and received a first­class honours degree in chemistry in 1932.She 5. (obtain) her PhD from Cambridge in 1937 and researched on 6. (map) the molecular structure (分子结构) of cholesterol，penicillin，and other crucial biochemical (生物化学的) substances.From the 1950s onwards，she focused her study 7. the structure of insulin (胰岛素)，building the first model of the insulin molecule. In 1964，Dorothy 8. (award) the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for “her determinations of the structures of 9. (importance) biochemical substances”．She was only the third woman to have won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry after Marie Curie 10. her daughter Irène Joliot­Curie，and the fifth woman to win a science Noble Prize. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了因测定出分子构造而获得诺贝尔化学奖的女科学家多萝西·霍奇金。 1．解析　oldest　考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，设空处指四个女儿当中年龄最大的，应用形容词的最高级，故填oldest。 2．解析　which　考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代a state junior high school，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 3．解析　to study　考查动词不定式。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，故填to study。 4．解析　Eventually　考查副词。设空处作状语，应用副词，表示“最终”，故填Eventually。 5．解析　obtained　考查一般过去时。根据in 1937可知，设空处所在句描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填obtained。 6．解析　mapping　考查动词­ing形式。map在句中作动词，且作介词on的宾语，应用动词­ing形式，故填mapping。 7．解析　on/upon　考查介词。focus...on/upon为固定搭配，表示“将……集中于”，故填on/upon。 8．解析　was awarded　考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据In 1964可知，设空处所在句描述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且Dorothy与award之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was awarded。 9．解析　important　考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰biochemical substances，应用形容词，表示“重要的”，故填important。 10．解析　and　考查连词。Marie Curie和her daughter Irène Joliot­Curie为两个并列宾语，故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$